Plasma and Beam Physics Commons^™

Plasma-Laser Wakefield Acceleration, Jonathan Babu

Physics

Many texts detailing the derivations and science of Wakefield Acceleration are aimed at graduate and doctorate level scholars, and these may seem intimidating to new physics students. This paper is meant to be an introduction to the nature of plasmas, lasers, laser-plasma interactions, and Laser Wakefield Acceleration (LWFA), with sources given where extra detail may be required. I recognize that this paper is not meant to be an all-encompassing review on the nature of the topics, as these topics are complex and subject of entire textbooks. Instead, I aim to provide an introduction to these topics to a college-level scholar ...

Spatiotemporal Non-Uniformly Correlated Beams, Milo W. Hyde Iv

Faculty Publications

We present a new partially coherent source with spatiotemporal coupling. The stochastic light, which we call a spatiotemporal (ST) non-uniformly correlated (NUC) beam, combines space and time in an inhomogeneous (shift- or space-variant) correlation function. This results in a source that self-focuses at a controllable location in space-time, making these beams potentially useful in applications such as optical trapping, optical tweezing, and particle manipulation. We begin by developing the mutual coherence function for an ST NUC beam. We then examine its free-space propagation characteristics by deriving an expression for the mean intensity at any plane z ≥ 0. To validate the ...

Improvements To Emissive Plume And Shock Wave Diagnostics And Interpretation During Pulsed Laser Ablation Of Graphite, Timothy I. Calver

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation covers nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of graphite for 4-5.7 J/cm² fluences with 248 nm and 532 nm lasers in 1-180 Torr helium, argon, nitrogen, air, and mixed gas. Three experiments were performed to improve the interpretation of common diagnostics used to characterize pulsed laser ablation, find simple but universal scaling relationships for comparing dynamics across different materials and ablation conditions, and provide a systematic analysis of graphite emissive plume and shock wave dynamics. A scaling of the Sedov-Taylor energy ratio was developed and validated for a range of studies despite differences in wavelength, pulse duration ...

Multi-Gaussian Random Variables For Modeling Optical Phenomena, Olga Korotkova, Milo W. Hyde Iv

Faculty Publications

A generalization of the classic Gaussian random variable to the family of multi-Gaussian (MG) random variables characterized by shape parameter M > 0, in addition to the mean and the standard deviation, is introduced. The probability density function (PDF) of the MG family members is an alternating series of Gaussian functions with suitably chosen heights and widths. In particular, for integer values of M, the series has a finite number of terms and leads to flattened profiles, while reducing to the classic Gaussian PDF for M = 1. For non-integer, positive values of M, a convergent infinite series of Gaussian functions is ...

A Study Of Systematic Uncertainties For A Photon-Like Low Energy Excess Search At Microboone, Gray Yarbrough

Doctoral Dissertations

The premise of this dissertation is the study of and reduction of systematic uncertainties in the MicroBooNE experiment at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. MicroBooNE is a short-baseline oscillation experiment using the innovative liquid argon time projection chamber technology to study, with unprecedented detail, neutrino interactions. The primary goal of MicroBooNE is the investigation of the MiniBooNE low energy excess (LEE) of electron neutrino events, a result which raised fundamental questions on the existence of sterile neutrinos with broad implications to the field of particle physics. The principal study of this dissertation is a study of systematics as part of ...

Collector Probe Measurements Of Sol Impurity Accumulation And The Implications Of Sol Flows On The Accumulation Amount, Shawn Zamperini

Doctoral Dissertations

A collector probe in its simplest form is a rod inserted into a plasma so that impurities are deposited onto it. These probes are then removed and analyzed to determine the deposition profile both along the length of probe and across the width of it. This dissertation covers a series of collector probes experiments and accompanying interpretive modelling all with the main goal of providing evidence for long-hypothesized near scrape-off layer (SOL) accumulation of impurities that can lead to efficient core contamination. The structure of this dissertation is as follows. A brief outline of fusion energy and why we need ...

54fe(D,P)55fe Single Neutron Transfer Presentation, Matthew Quirin, Raymond Saunders

Physics and Astronomy Presentations

During our summer research at the John D Fox Laboratory, we used the 9 MV Tandem van de Graaff accelerator and the Super Enge Split-Pole Spectrograph to make measurements of the neutron transfer reaction 54Fe(d,p) 55Fe to observe and explore excited states of 55Fe and shell structure beyond the magic number N=28. We have created momentum spectra and angular distribution plots of the protons from the reaction which will be analyzed to determine the angular momentum values of states and single-neutron energies in 55Fe in an effort to better understand nuclear structure.

Plasma Agriculture: Characterization Of Dbd Plasma Jet And Analysis Of Effects When Treated On Sweet Basil (Ocimum Basilicum), William Davis

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Plasma agriculture is an increasingly diverse field, where effects of nonthermal or cold plasma are measured by their influence on plant physiology and growth rate. Effects range from sterilization, germination, increased growth rate, cell metabolism, and so forth. This study aims to investigate the understanding of the generation of specific reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) from a nonthermal atmospheric DBD helium-based plasma jet and identify quantifiable effects that can directly translate to different applications related to plasma agriculture. Basil plants were separated into treated and control groups and grown hydroponically. The treated plants received a 30 second exposure treatment ...

One Dimensional Study Of Magnetoplasmadynamic Thrusters For A Potential New Class Of Heavy Ion Drivers For Plasma Jet Driven Magnetoinertial Fusion, Patrick M. Brown

Theses and Dissertations

Plasma Jet Driven Magnetoinertial Fusion (PJMIF) requires high velocity heavy ion drivers in order to compress a magnetized target to fusion conditions. Previous work with heavy ion drivers has revealed sub-par accelerations due to plasma instabilities; thus, it is necessary to investigate new methods of heavy ion plasma acceleration. One such method is Magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thrusters. Past studies of these thrusters have been conducted at an initial temperature at or below the energy of full ionization. Here MPD thrusters are investigated using a Godunov type MHD solver with a Harten-Lax van Leer-D (HLLD) flux solving scheme assuming the plasma is ...

Radio Diagnostics Of Particles And Plasma In The Solar Corona, Sherry Chhabra

Dissertations

Radio diagnostics, in addition to their capabilities in exploring intense, impulsive bursts, also provide a high sensitivity to much weaker events, which may not show any substantial signature in other wavelengths.

The initial case study examines a complex event consisting of multiple radio sources/bursts associated with a fast coronal mass ejection (CME) and an M 2.1 class solar flare (SOL2015-09-20). ‘First-light’ data from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory–Long Wavelength Array is put in context with observations from Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, along with the WAVES radio spectrograph onboard WIND, the ...

Plasma Aerodynamics: Experimental Quantification Of The Lift Force Generated On An Airfoil Using Plasma Actuation To Estimate Power Requirements In Small Uav Applications, Getachew Ashenafi

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This research addressed the amount of electric power required to induce specific changes in lift force using a NACA 2127 airfoil with a chord length of ~28 mm, connected to a micro load cell, in a wind tunnel of 103 square centimeter cross-section. A DBD plasma actuator supplied by a ZVS driven high voltage pulsed DC circuit, operating at a frequency of 17.4 kHz, was utilized for voltages of up to 5000 V. Two configurations of electrode gapping were compared to determine the efficient use of power. The configuration with a gap of ~1 mm between the upstream and ...

Investigating The Angular Momentum Of Dusty Plasma Multi-Rings, Isaac M. Long, Kiser Z. Colley

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Multi-ring dusty plasma systems were created using a grooved rf electrode. These complex plasma systems had distinct sections consisting of a certain number of rings (1 ring section, 2 ring section, 3 ring section, 4 ring section). These rings had the tendency to rotate azimuthally about the center of the electrode, which allowed for a sectional angular velocity (ω) to be calculated. It was determined that as the number of dust rings (therefore the mass) increased, ω decreased which agrees with conservation of angular momentum. The pressure was also varied and it was found that as pressure increased, the width ...

On The Dynamic Generation Of Megagauss-Level Magnetic Fields On 100-Ns Timescales To Stabilize And Magnetize Pulsed-Power-Driven Liner Implosions, Gabriel A. Shipley

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

This dissertation presents analysis of experiments and simulations executed to develop the auto-magnetizing liner concept (AutoMag) for use as an alternative premagnetization mechanism for MagLIF. Tests of each stage of AutoMag (magnetization, dielectric breakdown, and implosion) were executed on the Mykonos accelerator and the Z accelerator. Experiments demonstrate strong peak axial magnetic field production (20 – 150 T), dielectric breakdown initiation that depends on global induced electric field across the target, and a level of cylindrical implosion uniformity high enough to be useful for prospective fusion-fuel-filled (auto-magnetized MagLIF) experiments.

This dissertation also presents detailed simulations of the Solid Liner Dynamic Screw ...

Diagnostics Of A Large Volume Pin-To-Plate Atmospheric Plasma Source For The Study Of Plasma Species Interactions With Cancer Cell Cultures, Laurence Scally, Chaitanya Sarangapani, Brijesh Tiwari, Renee Malone, Hugh Byrne, James Curtin, P.J. Cullen

Articles

A large gap pin-to-plate, atmospheric pressure plasma reactor is demonstrated as means of in vitro study of plasma species interactions with cell cultures. By employing optical emission and optical absorption spectroscopy, we report that the pin-to-pate plasma array had an optimal discharge frequency for cell death of 1000 Hz in ambient air for the target cancer cell line; human glioblastoma multiform (U-251MG). The detected plasma chemistry contained reactive oxygen and nitrogen species including OH, N₂, N₂⁺, and O₃. We show that, by varying the plasma discharge frequency, the plasma chemistry can be tailored to contain up to ...

Impendance Probe Payload Development For Space-Based Joint Service Collaboration, Brian T. Kay

Theses and Dissertations

Collaborations utilizing small spacecraft in near earth orbit between the U. S. Coast Guard Academy (CGA), Naval Research Lab (NRL), the U. S. Naval Academy (USNA), and the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) have initiated scientific and engineering space-based experiments. Sourced opportunities like the VaSpace ThinSat missions have provided a platform for payload, sensor, and experiment development that would have otherwise been resource prohibitive. We have constructed an impedance probe payload derived from the existing ‘Space PlasmA Diagnostic suitE’ (SPADE) mission operating from NASA’s International Space Station. Currently both space and laboratory plasmas are investigated with AC impedance ...

Equations Of State For Warm Dense Carbon From Quantum Espresso, Derek J. Schauss

Theses and Dissertations

Warm dense plasma is the matter that exists, roughly, in the range of 10,000 to 10,000,000 Kelvin and has solid-like densities, typically between 0.1 and 10 grams per centimeter. Warm dense fluids like hydrogen, helium, and carbon are believed to make up the interiors of many planets, white dwarfs, and other stars in our universe. The existence of warm dense matter (WDM) on Earth, however, is very rare, as it can only be created with high-energy sources like a nuclear explosion. In such an event, theoretical and computational models that accurately predict the response of certain ...

Beam Spin Asymmetry In Semi-Inclusive Electroproduction Of Hadron Pairs, M. J. Amaryan, M. Hattawy, S. E. Kuhn, Y. Prok, J. Zhang, Z. W. Zhao, Et Al., Clas Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

A first measurement of the longitudinal beam spin asymmetry A_LU in the semi-inclusive electroproduction of pairs of charged pions is reported. A_LU is a higher-twist observable and offers the cleanest access to the nucleon twist-3 parton distribution function e(x). Data have been collected in the Hall-B at Jefferson Lab by impinging a 5.498-GeV electron beam on a liquid-hydrogen target, and reconstructing the scattered electron and the pion pair with the CLAS detector. One-dimensional projections of the A^sin_LU^ϕR moments are extracted for the kinematic variables of interest in the valence quark region. The understanding ...

Intense Monochromatic Photons Above 100 Kev From An Inverse Compton Source, Kirsten Deitrick, Georg H. Hoffstaetter, Carl Franck, Bruno D. Muratori, Peter H. Williams, Geoffrey A, Krafft, Balša Terzić, Joe Crone, Hywel Owen

Physics Faculty Publications

Quasimonochromatic x rays are difficult to produce above 100 keV, but have a number of uses in x-ray and nuclear science, particularly in the analysis of transuranic species. Inverse Compton scattering (ICS) is capable of fulfilling this need, producing photon beams with properties and energies well beyond the limits of typical synchrotron radiation facilities. We present the design and predicted output of such an ICS source at CBETA, a multiturn energy-recovery linac with a top energy of 150 MeV, which we anticipate producing x rays with energies above 400 keV and a collimated flux greater than 108 photons per second ...

First Demonstration Of The Use Of Crab Cavities On Hadron Beams, R. Calaga, A. Alekou, F. Antoniou, R. B. Appleby, L. Arnaudon, K. Artoos, G. Arduini, V. Baglin, S. Barriere, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, I. Ben-Zvi, T. Bohl, A. Boucherie, O. S. Brüning, K. Brondzinski, A. Butterworth, G. Burt, O. Capatina, S. Calvo, T. Capelli, M. Carlà, F. Carra, L. R. Carver, A. Castilla-Loeza, E. Daly, L. Dassa, J. Delayen, S. U. De Silva, A. Dexter, M. Garlasche, F. Gerigk, L. Giordanino, D. Glenat, M. Guinchard, A. Harrison, E. Jensen, C. Julie, T. Jones, F. Killing, A. Krawczyk, T. Levens, R. Leuxe, B. Lindstrom, Z. Li, A. Macewen, A. Macpherson, P. Menendez, T. Mikkola, P. Minginette, J. Mitchell, E. Montesinos, G. Papotti, H. Park, C. Pasquino, S. Pattalwar, E. C. Pleite, T. Powers, B. Prochal, A. Ratti, L. Rossi, V. Rude, M. Therasse, R. Tomás, N. Stapely, I. Santillana, N. Shipman, J. Simonin, M. Sosin, J. Swieszek, N. Templeton, G. Vandoni, S. Verdú-Andrés, M. Wartak, C. Welsch, D. Wollman, Q. Wu, B. Xiao, E. Yamakawa, C. Zanoni, F. Zimmermann, A. Zwozniak

Physics Faculty Publications

Many future particle colliders require beam crabbing to recover geometric luminosity loss from the nonzero crossing angle at the interaction point (IP). A first demonstration experiment of crabbing with hadron beams was successfully carried out with high energy protons. This breakthrough result is fundamental to achieve the physics goals of the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider (FCC). The expected peak luminosity gain (related to collision rate) is 65% for HL-LHC and even greater for the FCC. Novel beam physics experiments with proton beams in CERN’s Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) were performed to demonstrate several critical ...

Temporal Coherent Control Of Resonant Two-Photon Double Ionization Of The Hydrogen Molecule Via Doubly Excited States, Jean Marcel Ngoko Djiokap, Anthony F. Starace

Anthony F. Starace Publications

We use time-delayed, counter-rotating, circularly polarized few-cycle attosecond nonoverlapping pulses to study the temporal coherent control of the resonant process of two-photon double ionization (TPDI) of hydrogen molecule via doubly excited states for pulse propagation direction along ˆk either parallel or perpendicular to the molecular axis ˆR. For ˆk ‖ ˆR and a pulse carrier frequency of 36 eV resonantly populating the Q₂ 1∏ ⁺ _u (1) doubly excited state as well as other 1∏ ⁺ _u doubly excited states, we find that the indirect ionization pathway through these doubly excited states changes the character of the kinematical vortex-shaped momentum distribution produced ...