Synthesis, Properties, And Degradation Of Polyisobutylene-Polyester Graft Copolymers,
2017
Western University
Synthesis, Properties, And Degradation Of Polyisobutylene-Polyester Graft Copolymers, Bethany A. Turowec, Elizabeth R. Gillies
Chemistry Publications
The development of copolymers is a promising approach for combining the favorable properties of two polymers and obtaining new properties of the combination. In this work, graft copolymers of polyisobutylene (PIB) and polycaprolactone (PCL) or poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) were synthesized and studied. Amine terminated polyesters were synthesized and were grafted onto an activated PIB backbone synthesized from butyl rubber, a copolymer of isobutylene and 2 mol % isoprene. The polyester content was tuned from 15 to 44 wt % by varying the molar mass of the polyester blocks and the number of molar equivalents used in the grafting reaction. The graft …
Raman Spectroscopy Capabilities Of The Cbex Handheld Raman Instrument,
2017
University at Albany, State University of New York
Raman Spectroscopy Capabilities Of The Cbex Handheld Raman Instrument, Samantha Ingenito
Chemistry
Raman spectroscopy is a reliable, nondestructive method of identifying and distinguishing between different types of biological fluids. However, forensic studies have been restricted to indoor desktop Raman instruments when it would be optimal if Raman spectroscopic analysis could be performed at a crime scene. The CBex Handheld Raman Instrument was developed as a portable tool that could perform Raman spectroscopy outside the lab. Unfortunately, the CBex cannot obtain viable spectra of biological fluids. The handheld was compared to the Renishaw invia Raman Microscope by quantifying the signal-to-noise ratio of each by acquiring Scotch tape spectra. The handheld has a significantly …
Solar Energy Storage Using Earth-Abundant Materials,
2017
Florida Institute of Technology
Solar Energy Storage Using Earth-Abundant Materials, Christopher W. Roske
Link Foundation Energy Fellowship Reports
Among alternative energy technologies, solar is well suited to meet the grand energy challenge ahead if we can overcome the intermittent supply of sunlight.1,2 Storing solar energy in chemical bonds serves as an attractive technical solution that requires selecting suitable chemical reactions and building tailored systems.3 Many research groups are aiming to electrochemically reduce carbon dioxide to a solar fuel, such as ethanol, or split water into hydrogen and oxygen gas, but these groups have been unable to design efficient and cheap systems that navigate these complex multi-step chemical transformations without encountering significant parasitic overpotentials.4 While we fully expect further …
Monitoring A Simple Hydrolysis Process In An Organic Solid By Observing Methyl Group Rotation,
2017
Bryn Mawr College
Monitoring A Simple Hydrolysis Process In An Organic Solid By Observing Methyl Group Rotation, Peter A. Beckmann, Joseph M. Bohen, Jamie Ford, William P. Malachowski, Clelia W. Mallory, Frank B. Mallory, Andrew R. Mcghie, Arnold L. Rheingold, Gilbert J. Sloan, Steven T. Szewczyk, Xianlong Wang, Kraig A. Wheeler
Physics Faculty Research and Scholarship
We report a variety of experiments and calculations and their interpretations regarding methyl group (CH3) rotation in samples of pure 3-methylglutaric anhydride (1), pure 3-methylglutaric acid (2), and samples where the anhydride is slowly absorbing water from the air and converting to the acid [C6H8O3(1) + H2O → C6H10O4(2)]. The techniques are solid state 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin-lattice relaxation, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electronic structure calculations in both isolated molecules and in clusters of molecules that mimic the crystal structure, field emission scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and high resolution …
Assessment Of Four Solvents For Extraction And Analysis Of The Chemical Composition Of Sansevieria Extrafoliar Nectar Drops By Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,
2017
Dakota State University
Assessment Of Four Solvents For Extraction And Analysis Of The Chemical Composition Of Sansevieria Extrafoliar Nectar Drops By Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Hope L. Juntunen, Patrick Videau, Donna Hazelwood, Michael Gaylor
Faculty Research & Publications
In the latter part of the 20th century, much effort was devoted to elucidating the chemical constituents of floral and extrafloral nectar secretions, with the primary aim of understanding their ecological roles, especially in regards to attracting pollinators. But, nearly all these studies focused on determining sugar and amino acid constituents. Only a few studies have reported more comprehensive assessments of the organic chemical constituents of plants, with none of those reporting such efforts for Sansevieria taxa (common houseplants known to purify air by bioaccumulating pollutants). To address this knowledge gap, we evaluated the efficacy of four organic solvents with …
Ligands Of Therapeutic Utility For The Liver X Receptors.,
2017
Xavier University of Louisiana
Ligands Of Therapeutic Utility For The Liver X Receptors., Rajesh Komati, Dominick Spadoni, Shilong Zheng, Jayalakshmi Sridhar
Faculty and Staff Publications
Liver X receptors (LXRs) have been increasingly recognized as a potential therapeutic target to treat pathological conditions ranging from vascular and metabolic diseases, neurological degeneration, to cancers that are driven by lipid metabolism. Amidst intensifying efforts to discover ligands that act through LXRs to achieve the sought-after pharmacological outcomes, several lead compounds are already being tested in clinical trials for a variety of disease interventions. While more potent and selective LXR ligands continue to emerge from screening of small molecule libraries, rational design, and empirical medicinal chemistry approaches, challenges remain in minimizing undesirable effects of LXR activation on lipid metabolism. …
Copper Salt-Catalyzed Formation Of A Novel Series Of Triazole-Spirodienone Conjugates With Potent Anticancer Activity.,
2017
West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
Copper Salt-Catalyzed Formation Of A Novel Series Of Triazole-Spirodienone Conjugates With Potent Anticancer Activity., L. Gu, P. Wang, Qiu Zhong, Y. Deng, J. Xie, F. Liu, F. Xiao, Shilong Zheng, Y. Chen, Guangdi Wang, L. He
Faculty and Staff Publications
Copper salt-catalyzed oxidative amination resulted in the formation of a novel series of triazole-spirodienone conjugates, 4-triazolyl-1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4,5]deca-6,9-dien-3,8-diones and 4-triazolyl-1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4,5]deca-6,9-dien-8-ones. A single crystal of compound 1p among them was grown and analyzed by X-ray crystallography. These compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against MDA-MB-231, HeLa, A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. Most of them showed moderate to high anticancer potency in the four cancer cell lines. The discovery of the triazole-spirodienone conjugates as cytotoxic agents against cancer cells may open up a new field in which these novel small molecules could be further explored as promising anticancer agents.
Transcriptional And Antagonistic Responses Of Biocontrol Strain Lysobacter Enzymogenes Oh11 To The Plant Pathogenic Oomycete Pythium Aphanidermatum,
2017
iangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing
Transcriptional And Antagonistic Responses Of Biocontrol Strain Lysobacter Enzymogenes Oh11 To The Plant Pathogenic Oomycete Pythium Aphanidermatum, Yangyang Zhao, Guoliang Qian, Yuan Chen, Liangcheng Du, Fengquan Liu
Chemistry Department: Faculty Publications
Lysobacter enzymogenes is a ubiquitous, beneficial, plant-associated bacterium emerging as a novel biological control agent. It has the potential to become a new source of antimicrobial secondary metabolites such as the Heat-Stable Antifungal Factor (HSAF), which is a broad-spectrum antimycotic with a novel mode of action. However, very little information about how L. enzymogenes detects and responds to fungi or oomycetes has been reported. An in vitro confrontation bioassay between the pathogenic oomycete Pythium aphanidermatum and the biocontrol bacterial strain L. enzymogenes OH11 was used to analyze the transcriptional changes in the bacteria that were induced by the oomycetes. Analysis …
Synthesis Of Cerium Oxide
Nanorods,
2017
University of Nebraska at Lincoln
Synthesis Of Cerium Oxide Nanorods, Chin Li Cheung, Zane Charles Gernhart
Chemistry Department: Faculty Publications
Cerium oxide nanorods having a variety of aspect ratios can be produced by providing a first mixture that includes a cerium precursor material, and using microwave to heat the first mixture to a first temperature for a period of time to produce first plurality of cerium oxide nanorods having a first range of aspect ratios. A second mixture that includes a cerium precursor material heated using microwave to a second temperature for a period of time to produce second plurality of cerium oxide nanorods having a second range of aspect ratios. The first plurality of cerium oxide nanorods and the …
Assessment Of Metabolic Changes In Mycobacterium Smegmatis Wild Type And Alr Mutant Strains: Evidence For A New Pathway Of D-Alanine Biosynthesis.,
2017
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Assessment Of Metabolic Changes In Mycobacterium Smegmatis Wild Type And Alr Mutant Strains: Evidence For A New Pathway Of D-Alanine Biosynthesis., Darrell D. Marshall, Steven Halouska, Denise K. Zinniel, Robert J. Fenton, Katie Kenealy, Harpreet K. Chahal, Govardhan Rathnaiah, Raul G. Barletta, Robert Powers
Chemistry Department: Faculty Publications
In mycobacteria, D-alanine is an essential precursor for peptidoglycan biosynthesis. The only confirmed enzymatic pathway to form D-alanine is through the racemization of L-alanine by alanine racemase (Alr, EC 5.1.1.1). Nevertheless, the essentiality of Alr in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis for cell survivability in the absence of D-alanine has been a point of controversy with contradictory results reported in the literature. To address this issue, we examined the effects of alr inactivation on the cellular metabolism of M. smegmatis. The M. smegmatis alr insertion mutant TAM23 exhibited essentially identical growth to wild type mc2155 in the …
A Novel Method For Determination Of Ammonium Isotope Ratios With Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry,
2017
Colby College
A Novel Method For Determination Of Ammonium Isotope Ratios With Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Rebecca J. Chmiel
Honors Theses
Nitrogen (15N) isotope tracer studies are an invaluable tool for understanding the rate of N transformations in the environment. A mechanistic understanding of N cycling is critical to management of excess N availability in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Conventional methods for measuring 15N:14N of dissolved inorganic nitrogen species are time consuming and require large sample volumes. Here, we present a technique for measuring 15N:14N in ammonium (NH4+) using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). NH4+ present in small volumes of sample (3 ml) is complexed with phenol via …
Tying The Knot: Applications Of Topology To Chemistry,
2017
Student
Tying The Knot: Applications Of Topology To Chemistry, Tarini S. Hardikar
Honors Theses
Chirality (or handedness) is the property that a structure is “different” from its mirror image. Topology can be used to provide a rigorous framework for the notion of chirality. This project examines various types of chirality and discusses tools to detect chirality in graphs and knots. Notable theorems that are discussed in this work include ones that identify chirality using properties of link polynomials (HOMFLY polynomials), rigid vertex graphs, and knot linking numbers. Various other issues of chirality are explored, and some specially unique structures are discussed. This paper is borne out of reading Dr. Erica Flapan’s book, When Topology …
Probing The Catalytic Properties Of Ni-Based Bimetallic Phosphides For Deep Hydrodesulfurization,
2017
Western Washington University
Probing The Catalytic Properties Of Ni-Based Bimetallic Phosphides For Deep Hydrodesulfurization, Peter J. Topalian
WWU Graduate School Collection
Global demand for transportation fuels continues to rise while environmental standards for sulfur impurities in fuels have become more stringent. Upgrading crude oil feed stocks via deep hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is necessary to meet the ultra-low sulfur standards for transportation fuels. Transition metal phosphides (e.g. Ni2P, Ru2P) represents a new class of hydrotreating catalysts that show promise for improved HDS properties relative to conventional molybdenum sulfide based catalysts. Incorporating a second metal into Ni2P can influence the surface properties and be used to tailor the catalytic properties (activity, selectivity) for improved hydrotreating performance. Bimetallic phosphides …
Circular Dichroistic Impacts Of 1‑(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3- Ethylurea: Secondary Structure Artifacts Arising From Bioconjugation Using 1‑Ethyl-3-[3-Dimethylaminopropyl]Carbodiimide,
2017
CUNY City College
Circular Dichroistic Impacts Of 1‑(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3- Ethylurea: Secondary Structure Artifacts Arising From Bioconjugation Using 1‑Ethyl-3-[3-Dimethylaminopropyl]Carbodiimide, Matthew B. Kubilius, Raymond S. Tu
Publications and Research
1-Ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide (EDC) is a commonly used reagent for bioconjugation and peptide synthesis. Both EDC and the corresponding urea derivative, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylurea (EDU), are achiral. As the reagent is active in aqueous solutions, it is a common choice for the study of evolving secondary structural changes via circular dichroism. This work highlights the effect of EDU on spectropolarimetric measurements, namely, the problematic absorption profile at low wavelengths (190−220 nm). We demonstrate that EDU is capable of erroneously indicating structural changes, particularly loss of α-helical character, through masking of the characteristic minimum at 208 nm. However, if the concentrations of the EDU in …
Energetic Effects Of Hole Transporting Materials On The Performance Of Organometal Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Cells,
2017
University of Kentucky
Energetic Effects Of Hole Transporting Materials On The Performance Of Organometal Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Cells, So Min Park
Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry
Efficient, inexpensive, lightweight and flexible solar cells are desired to help meet the world’s growing energy needs. Organometal halide perovskite (OMHP) photovoltaic (PV) cells have shown dramatic increases in solar cell efficiencies increase over the last 5 years. OMHP PV cells have attracted significant attention due to their broad absorption spectra, high electron and hole mobility, and low production cost. The interface between hole transporting layer (HTL) and perovskite thin films have a significant influence on charge transfer and overall solar cell performance. 2,2’,7,7’-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)9,9’-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) is a small molecule largely used as HTL in perovskite solar cells. However, this material …
The Development And Analysis Of Chemical Profiles Of Various Over-The-Counter Pharmaceuticals,
2017
Longwood University
The Development And Analysis Of Chemical Profiles Of Various Over-The-Counter Pharmaceuticals, Keith Crisp
Longwood Senior Theses
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were used in order to obtain data to be used to develop the chemical profiles of several different brands and varieties of over-the-counter pharmaceutical tablets. Profiles of the organic components of the tablets were obtained via HPLC and GC-MS. Profiles consisting of the peak areas of common pharmaceutical ingredients were developed as well as profiles consisting of the full chromatograms for the tablets. Inorganic profiles were obtained via XRF. Profiles consisting of the peak areas of the elements identified within the tablets were developed as well as profiles …
A Redox-Neutral Catechol Synthesis,
2017
University of San Francisco
A Redox-Neutral Catechol Synthesis, Q. Wu, D. Yan, Y. Chen, T. Wang, F. Xiong, W. Wei, Y. Lu, W. Sun, Jie Jack Li, J. Zhao
Chemistry Faculty Publications
Ubiquitous tyrosinase catalyses the aerobic oxidation of phenols to catechols through the binuclear copper centres. Here, inspired by the Fischer indole synthesis, we report an iridium-catalysed tyrosinase-like approach to catechols, employing an oxyacetamide-directed C–H hydroxylation on phenols. This method achieves one-step, redox-neutral synthesis of catechols with diverse substituent groups under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies confirm that the directing group (DG) oxyacetamide acts as the oxygen source. This strategy has been applied to the synthesis of different important catechols with fluorescent property and bioactivity from the corresponding phenols. Finally, our method also provides a convenient route to 18O-labelled catechols using …
A Bioinspired And Biocompatible Ortho-Sulfiliminyl Phenol Synthesis,
2017
University of San Francisco
A Bioinspired And Biocompatible Ortho-Sulfiliminyl Phenol Synthesis, Feng Xiong, Liang Lu, Tian-Yu Sun, Qian Wu, Dingyuan Yan, Ying Chen, Xinhao Zhang, Wei Wei, Yi Lu, Wei-Yin Sun, Jie Jack Li, Jing Zhao
Chemistry Faculty Publications
Synthetic methods inspired by Nature often offer unique advantages including mild conditions and biocompatibility with aqueous media. Inspired by an ergothioneine biosynthesis protein EgtB, a mononuclear non-haem iron enzyme capable of catalysing the C–S bond formation and sulfoxidation, herein, we discovered a mild and metal-free C–H sulfenylation/intramolecular rearrangement cascade reaction employing an internally oxidizing O–N bond as a directing group. Our strategy accommodates a variety of oxyamines with good site selectivity and intrinsic oxidative properties. Combining an O–N bond with an X–S bond generates a C–S bond and an S¼N bond rapidly. The newly discovered cascade reaction showed excellent chemoselectivity …
Validation Of A Membrane Touch Biosensor For The Qualitative Detection Of Igg Class Antibodies To Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2,
2017
Aalto Bio Reagents Ltd
Validation Of A Membrane Touch Biosensor For The Qualitative Detection Of Igg Class Antibodies To Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2, Tony Loughman, Baljit Singh, Brian Seddon, Philip Noone, Padmanabhan Santhosh
Articles
A novel type of biosensor was assessed for application to the qualitative determination of circulating antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). The device utilises a high activity HSV-2 type specific gG2 antigen for antibody capture and commercially available ELISA reagents. The study compares the diagnostic performance of a prototype HSV-2 biochip to well-established in vitro tests routinely applied in clinical procedures. A panel of human serum samples (n = 60) previously characterised for HSV-2 serological status using the DiaSorin LIAISON® HSV-2 chemiluminescent immunoassay were assayed on the HSV-2 biochip and the Focus Diagnostics HerpeSelect® 2 ELISA IgG kit …
Irene Joliot-Curie,
2017
Parkland College
Irene Joliot-Curie, Erick J. Klein
Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations
This poster for the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College features chemist Irene Joliot-Curie, one of four women, including her mother, Marie Curie, who have won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Joliot-Curie, with her husband Frederic Joliot-Curie won the prize in 1935 for their discovery of artificial radioactivity.
