Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Timing Of Side-Dress Applications Of Nitrogen For Corn In Conventional And No-Till Systems, D. W. Sweeney, D. Ruiz Diaz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Corn yield and yield components were affected by tillage and nitrogen (N) side-dress application options in 2019. Average corn yields were 15% greater with conventional tillage than with no-till. Yields were improved by either splitting N rate between pre-plant and side-dress at the V10 growth stage or adding additional side-dress N as compared with applying 150 lb/a pre-plant.

Nitrogen Fertilizer Timing And Phosphorus And Potassium Fertilization Rates For Established Endophyte-Free Tall Fescue, D. W. Sweeney, J. K. Farney, J. L. Moyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Tall fescue production was measured during the second year of a study with locations started in fall of 2016 and fall of 2017. In the second year at both sites, phosphorus (P) fertilization rate did not affect harvest yields. Applying nitrogen (N) in late fall or late winter resulted in greater spring yields than applying N in spring or not applying N. However, fall harvest yields at Site 1 in 2018 were greater without N, but were greater with spring N application at Site 2 in 2019. In both site-years, the second-year tall fescue total yield rank as affected by …

Effect Of Burning And Tillage Options On Yields In A Continuous Wheat-Double-Crop Soybean Rotation, D. W. Sweeney

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Double-crop soybean yields during the first two years of this study have not been affected by management of previous wheat straw practices by burning or tillage done before planting. However, by the second year of the study, subsequent wheat yields were 41% greater where the wheat residue had been burned the previous year.

Response Of Soybean Grown On A Claypan Soil In Southeastern Kansas To The Residual Of Different Plant Nutrient Sources And Tillage, D. W. Sweeney, P. Barnes, G. Pierzynski

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The residual from previous high-rate turkey litter applications, which were based on nitrogen (N) requirements of the previous grain sorghum crop, increased 2019 soybean yield more than that obtained from the residual of phosphorus (P)-based turkey litter applications (low rate) or the control. Even though early soybean growth was unaffected by residual treatments, the dry matter production at the R6 growth stage was greater with N-based litter application than with P-based applications or the control.

Dynamics Of Post-Flowering Nitrogen Uptake And Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency Using 15n Isotope Labeling In Corn, J. A. Fernandez, J. B. Nippert, I. A. Ciampitti

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In corn (Zea maysL.), breeding and selection for grain yield over time has been accom­panied by a simultaneous increase in plant nitrogen (N) uptake. The understanding of plant N dynamics has attracted attention due to the environmental concerns related to N losses coming from fertilization. This research study was implemented to 1) describe N uptake and allocation dynamics, and 2) quantify fertilizer recovery efficiency across late-N strategies. Two field experiments (one under irrigation and one rainfed) were conducted at the Ashland Bottoms Research Farm, KS, during 2017. Three hybrids with different year of release and three N scenarios …

Tillage Study For Corn And Soybeans: Comparing Vertical, Deep, And No-Tillage, E. A. Adee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Trends from a tillage study conducted since 2011 have shown no clear differences between tillage systems for either corn or soybeans in lighter soils under irrigation. One year out of seven years has shown a yield advantage for either corn or soybeans for any tillage system, which appears to be related to environmental conditions experienced during the season. Averaged across all years of the study, the treatments with deep tillage either every or every-other year had about 3% higher corn yields, and soybeans had up to a 3% yield increase with some form of tillage.

Investigating The Use Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles And High-Resolution Multispectral Imagery To Characterize Grain Sorghum Senescence Patterns, I. H. Barnhart, L. Mayor, I. A. Ciampitti

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Grain sorghum is important to producers around the world. In precipitation-limited environments, sorghum is the grain of choice because it is able to produce grain yields with limited precipitation. Plant breeders place a priority on breeding for a characterized form of post-flowering drought-tolerance, known as stay-green (SG). Assessing thousands of plots for this trait can be labor intensive and time consuming, so the goal of this study was to use unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAVs) equipped with high resolution cameras to characterize and quantify senescence patterns in grain sorghum. A field experiment with 20 hybrids was planted in Manhattan, KS. The …

Long-Term Cover Crop Management Effects On Soil Health In Semiarid Dryland Cropping Systems, L. M. Simon, A. K. Obour, J. D. Holman, K. L. Roozeboom

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Growing cover crops (CC) in semiarid drylands may provide benefits to soil health. This study examined long-term CC management effects in a no-till winter wheat-grain sorghum-fallow cropping system in southwest Kansas. Objectives were to assess the impacts of CCs on 1) soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) stocks, 2) soil susceptibility to erosion, as well as to 3) quantify the effects of haying cover crops as annual forages. Treatments were spring-planted and included peas for grain as well as one-, three-, and six-species CC mixtures of oats, triticale, peas, buckwheat, turnips, and radishes compared with conventional chemical-fallow. Half of …

Water Use And Productivity Of Corn And Grain Sorghum In Long-Term Crop Sequences, R. M. Aiken

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Dryland corn and grain sorghum showed similar water productivity of grain and above-ground biomass, relative to respective growing periods, at the apparent yield frontier. The yield frontier indicates the maximum productivity for a given amount of water use. This similarity in productive response to water supply provides a foundation for improved precipitation use. Yield gaps relative to the yield frontier appear substan­tial. Water supply during the grain filling period was the primary driver of feed grain crop productivity, and was affected more by available soil water at pollen shed than by precipitation during grain-fill or available water at maturity. Grain …

Soil Microbial Seasonal Community Dynamics In Response To Cover Crop And Phosphorus Fertilizer Usage In A No-Till Corn-Soybean System In 2018, C. L. Stewart, L. M. Starr, N. O. Nelson, K. L. Roozeboom, G. J. Kluitenberg, D. R. Presley, P. J. Tomlinson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study examined microorganism community composition in plots managed with and without cover crops and three contrasting phosphorous (P) fertilizer manage­ment techniques in a no-till corn-soybean system. This work was performed in the spring and fall of 2018 at the Kansas Agricultural Watershed Field Laboratory (KAW), Manhattan, KS. The study design was a 2 × 3 complete block factorial design with three replications, with cover crop presence or absence and three levels of P fertilizer management (control, fall broadcast, and spring injected). To examine microorganism community composition, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis was used. Only the main effect of cover …

Winter Wheat Variety-Specific Response To The Combination Of Nitrogen And Foliar Fungicide In 2018–2019, R. P. Lollato, K. Mark, B. R. Jaenisch

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Yield improvements to wheat can result both from variety selection and adoption of improved management practices. However, the yield response to improved manage­ment practices can be variety-specific and can result in decreases in protein concen­tration. Our objectives were to evaluate the yield and protein responses of different commercial winter wheat varieties to increased nitrogen (N) rates and application of foliar fungicides. We conducted a trial combining 20 winter wheat varieties and two management level intensities. The standard management consisted of N applied for a 75 bushel per acre yield goal and no fungicide; and intensive management consisted of an additional …

The Role Of Endophytes In Conferring Salinity Tolerance In Prairie Cordgrass And The Winter Wheat Mint Variety, Jeffery Bartel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Prairie Cordgrass (PCG) Spartina pectinata is a native grass to North America that survives saline conditions, can be harvested multiple times in a year, and can be used as biofuel. Endophytes are bacteria that reside in plant tissues and often have growthpromoting capabilities. They can assist plants by obtaining nutrients by improving the tolerance of plants against a broad range of stresses, such as plant pathogens, viruses, flooding, drought, acids, or bases. PCG can survive ocean levels of salinity. Endophytes that naturally bond with PCG may not only be able to not only help PCG but be transferred to other …

Developing Microbial Based Process To Produce High Value Natural Antimicrobial (Glyceollin) In Soybeans And Pullulan From Sucrose, Andrea Zavadil

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Glyceollin is a secondary metabolite produced under stress conditions by soybean to act as a plant defender to pathogen attack. The antimicrobial nature of glyceollin makes it a promising natural alternative to antibiotics if incorporated into livestock feed. However, production of glyceollin is highly variable, dependent on soybean variety, and fungal elicitor used as inoculum. Our study compares two fungal spore elicitors, Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus sojae on soybeans of diverse maturity level, and fungal susceptibility to determine highest glyceollin titer. Spore inoculation with T. reesei elicited highest glyceollin titers of 2.42±0.20 mg/g at 120 h, while A. sojae elicited …

Utilizing Rhizospheric And Bacterial Endophytes For Use As Potential Bio-Fertilizers For Sustainable Agricultural Production, Vincent Peta

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Brassica carinata crop production offers an exciting alternative approach to the energy crisis when looking at novel ways to power our motor vehicles. Bacterial endophytes, while residing in host-plant tissues, offer a wide array of plant growth promotion benefits such as nitrogen fixation to impart nitrogen (N) nutrition, phosphate (P) solubilization to make soil-bound phosphate more mobile in soil for plant uptake, can suppress pathogenic microbes such as fungus and produce plant growth hormones to offset stress incurred by the plant. Previous literature has shown that there is large interest in studying endophytes from economically important crops such as wheat, …

In-Season Crop Management Effect On Soybean Yield And Grain Quality In Eastern South Dakota, Kelsey Bergman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield has increased over time by introduction of newer varieties and improved agronomic practices. However, grain protein concentration has been decreasing at the same time. New field studies in 2018 and 2019 investigated inseason crop management practices effect such as use of foliar protection application, fertilizer application, different maturity length or different planting dates on grain yield and grain quality. The studies were established near Brookings, SD and Beresford, SD. In-season treatments were targeting nutrient availability or protecting soybean canopy during the grain filling period. Such treatments included the use of fungicide, insecticide, or supplying …

Management Strategies For Early- And Late-Planted Soybean In The North-Central United States, Emma G. Matcham, Spyridon Mourtzinis, Shawn P. Colney, Juan I. Rattalino Edreira, Patricio Grassini, Adam C. Roth, Shaun N. Casteel, Igancio A. Ciampitti, Hans J. Kandel, Peter M. Kyveryga, Mark A. Licht, Daren S. Mueller, Emerson Nafziger, Seth Naeve, Jordan D. Stanley, Michael J. Staton, Laura E. Lindsey

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

It is widely recognized that planting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] early is critical to maximizing yield, but the influence of changing management factors when soybean planting is delayed is not well understood. The objectives of this research were to (a) identify management decisions that increase seed yield in either early- or late-planted soybean scenarios, and (b) estimate the maximum break-even price of each management factor identified to influence soybean seed yield in early- or late-planted soybean. Producer data on seed yield and management decisions were collected from 5682 fields planted with soybean during 2014−2016 and grouped into 10 technology …

Voxel Carving-Based 3d Reconstruction Of Sorghum Identifies Genetic Determinants Of Light Interception Efficiency, Mathieu Gaillard, Chenyong Miao, James Schnable, Bedrich Benes

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Changes in canopy architecture traits have been shown to contribute to yield increases. Optimizing both light interception and light interception efficiency of agricultural crop canopies will be essential to meeting the growing food needs. Canopy architecture is inherently three-dimensional (3D), but many approaches to measuring canopy architecture component traits treat the canopy as a two-dimensional (2D) structure to make large scale measurement, selective breeding, and gene identification logistically feasible. We develop a high throughput voxel carving strategy to reconstruct 3D representations of sorghum from a small number of RGB photos. Our approach builds on the voxel carving algorithm to allow …

Implementación De Un Sistema Productivo De Cholupa (Passiflora Maliformis L.), En El Municipio De Algeciras (Huila) Para Fortalecer El Conocimiento Técnico Y Empresarial En La Región, Juan Camilo Andrade Daza

Ingeniería Agronómica

El proyecto productivo se llevó a cabo en la zona rural del municipio de Algeciras, específicamente en la vereda Bajo Vilaco, donde se realizó la siembra de 1.000 plantas de Cholupa (Passiflora maliformis L.) a las que se les efectuó, en lo posible, un manejo integrado de plagas, enfermedades y arvenses, teniendo en cuenta la dinámica de los monitoreados realizados y condiciones ambientales para tomar decisiones sobre el tipo de manejo a realizar; de igual manera se lleva a cabo la estructuración de un plan de fertilización que se encarga de suplir las necesidades nutricionales en cada una de las …

Determining The Effects Of Plant Extracts And Saltro Nematicide On Hatching, Mortality And Reproduction Of The Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera Glycines), Bishnu Prasad Dhital

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a microscopic worm that infects and feeds from the soybean roots, hence robbing the plant of nutrients, and entry wounds may facilitate other pathogens to infect the roots. Current SCN management practices include cultural, chemical, and biological methods. Cultural practices such as, crop rotation with non-host and different tillage practices are not efficient due to the persistent nature of SCN in the soil. Chemical nematicides, though effective, can be expensive, and some are not environmentally sound. SCN resistant soybean varieties are mainly derived from one source, PI 88788 and SCN population have already evolved to …

Effect Of Management Decisions On Corn Yield Productivity And Stability In Environments With Contrasting Water Availability, Juan Ignacio Di Salvo

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Corn (Zea Mays L.) is a grain crop with large productivity, but also elevated evapotranspiration demand, making it highly susceptible to periods of water stress occurring during critical reproductive stages. Environmental conditions in Kentucky make it possible to grow corn under rainfed conditions, but the crop is still likely to experience water stress during some times of the growing season depending on the year and location. There is limited information on the size of the yield gap due to water stress in Kentucky, and the timing and intensity of water deficit.

In addition, evaluating the interactive effects of hybrid …