Other Animal Sciences Commons^™

Cattlemen's Day 2018, E. A. Boyle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Full report, Cattlemen's Day 2018.

Effect Of Lysine-Fermentation By-Product On Urine Ph And Total Urine Bacteria Count In Lactating Sows, K. M. Gourley, J. M. Derouchey, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband, K. J. Touchette

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 27 mixed parity sows (Line 241; DNA, Columbus, NE) were used in a lactation study to determine the effect of a lysine-fermentation by-product on sow urine pH and total urine bacteria counts. On d 110 of gestation, females were weighed, blocked by BW and parity, and allotted to 1 of 2 dietary treatments. Dietary treatments included a control (corn-soybean meal lactation diet) or the control diet that was acidified by the addition of 1.75% (as-fed basis) of a lysine-fermentation by-product. The dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) was calculated using the following equation (dEB ={[(Na/23) + (K/39.1)] – [(Cl/35.5) …

Effects Of Storing Three Phytase Sources Over 90 Days Under High Temperature And Humidity On Phytase Stability, Growth Performance, And Bone Mineralization Of Nursery Pigs, C. M. Vier, M. B. Menegat, K. M. Gourley, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. R. Bergstrom, R. D. Goodband, J. M. Derouchey, J. C. Woodworth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study was performed to evaluate the effects of storing three commercially available phytase products for 90 d, simulating summer conditions on phytase stability, growth performance, and bone mineralization of nursery pigs. The phytase products [HiPhos GT (20,000 FYT/g, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ); Axtra Phy TPT (20,000 FTU/g, Dupont, Wilmington, DE); and Quantum Blue G (40,000 FTU/g, AB Vista, Plantation, FL)] were left as pure forms or blended in a vitamin and trace mineral (VTM) premix for a 90 d period in an environmentally controlled chamber set at 85°F and 75% humidity. Sampling occurred on d 0, 30, 60, …

Reproductive Biology Of The Tiger Shark In The Western Atlantic Ocean, Chelsea Shields

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Although tiger sharks are an important apex predator in many ecosystems, little is known about their reproduction. The goal of this study was to determine the size-at-maturity and the reproductive seasonality of tiger sharks in the western Atlantic Ocean. This was achieved using a combination of ultrasonography and measurements of plasma hormone concentrations; in particular, testosterone for males and estradiol and progesterone for females. Steroid hormone concentrations were measured using chemiluminescent assays (CLIA). Maturity was also examined through histology of reproductive organs in females and clasper calcification in males. Females were found to mature between 270 and 310 cm total …

The Horse: A Driving Force For The Lifestyle Of Grooms, Nicole Foright

Online Theses and Dissertations

The fundamental components of co-occupational relationships between humans and animals and their impact on occupational identity is an area for exploration in the study of occupation. Evaluating the lives of persons whose daily occupations involve working with animals contributes to the exploration of human-animal co-occupations. The aim of this research was to understand the lifestyle of International 4-in-Hand Combined Driving grooms and their symbiotic relationship with horses. This qualitative descriptive study used three methods for data collection and triangulation: semi-structured interviews, observation, and photographs, from 4 participants who served as gatekeepers understanding the culture surrounding the driving community. The data …

Sericea Lespedeza Control From Growing-Season Prescribed Burning Causes No Collateral Damage To Non-Target Species, J. A. Alexander, W. H. Fick, J. Lemmon, G. A. Gatson, K C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 4 consecutive years of prescribed fire applied to native tallgrass range in either April, August, or September on forage biomass production, soil cover, and basal plant cover.

Study Description:Nine fire-management units (14 ± 6 acres) were burned at 1 of 3 prescribed times: early spring (April 1), mid-summer (August 1), or late summer (September 1). Plant species composition and soil cover were assessed annually each July using a modified step-point technique.

The Bottom Line:Burning during the summer for 4 consecutive years resulted in …

Sericea Lespedeza Control Strategies Differ In Their Impacts On Overall Range Health And Native Plant Species Composition, G. A. Gatson, W. H. Fick, W. W. Hsu, K C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) control strategies of late summer prescribed burning and fall her­bicide application on soil cover, native plant populations, and biological diversity.

Study Description:We established 16 individual units within an 80-acre native tallgrass pasture. Each unit was assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: control, spray only, burn only, or burn-plus-spray. Burn only and burn-plus-spray units were burned in early September. Spray only and burn-plus-spray units were sprayed with metsulfuron methyl (Escort XP, DuPont, Wilmington, DE) in late September. The change in …

Trends In Source And Age Verification For Beef Calves Sold Via Summer Video Auction From 2010 Through 2017, E. D. Mccabe, M. E. King, K. E. Fike, K. L. Hill, G. M. Rogers, K. G. Odde

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of source and age verification status on the sale price of beef calf lots sold via summer video auctions from 2010 through 2017 while adjusting for all other factors that significantly influenced sale price.

Study Description:Information describing factors about lots sold through a livestock video auction service (Superior Livestock Auction, Fort Worth, TX) was obtained from the auction service in an electronic format. These data were collected for 36,570 lots of beef calves that were sold via 61 summer sales from 2010 through 2017. A model …

Evaluation Of Salt, Trace Mineral Sources, And Growth Implants On Performance Of Stocker Cattle Grazing Native Flint Hills Pasture, C. S. Weibert, T. J. Spore, M. A. Johnson, F. K. Brazle, G. L. Kuhl, W. R. Hollenbeck, R. N. Wahl, Dale Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:Determine the efficacy of providing salt alone or with injectable trace minerals compared to a complete mineral supplement and growth implants for improving the growth of stocker calves grazing native grass pastures in the Flint Hills region of Kansas.

Study Description:A total of 248 steers originating from Texas and New Mexico were used to determine the effects on performance when provided with salt blocks with or without an injectable trace mineral, compared to performance when provided with a complete mineral supplement. Moreover, the response of two commonly-used growth implants were evaluated.

The Bottom Line:While there was no …

Increased Dietary Energy In Limit-Fed Diets Does Not Affect Immune Function, Inflammation, Or Stress, But Health Status Does, T. J. Spore, S. P. Montgomery, E. C. Titgemeyer, G. A. Hanzlicek, Christopher Vahl, T. G. Nagaraja, W. R. Hollenbeck, R. N. Wahl, Dale Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objectives:Measure effects of limit-feeding high-energy diets on the immune system, stress, and inflammation as well as differences in these parameters between healthy and sick animals under the dietary conditions.

Study Description:Heifers from 4 dietary treatments were used to study the effects of limit-feeding and increased dietary energy on immune function, inflammation (indicated by elevated levels of haptoglobin), stress, and differences in these parameters between healthy and morbid animals consuming the different diets.

The Bottom Line:Limit-feeding high-energy diets does not negatively affect immune function, cause stress, or promote inflammation, and morbid animals have significantly higher haptoglobin levels.

Effects Of Frequency Of Protein Supplementation On Performance By Beef Calves Grazing Dormant Native Range, G. W. Preedy, J. R. Jaeger, J. W. Waggoner, K C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Stocker calves that graze forages before entering a feedlot account for more than 75% of the beef calves raised in the United States each year. A large proportion of those will be calves born in the spring and weaned in the fall. Modest growth rates are expected when the quality of fall and winter forages is poor. Growing calves in confinement systems during fall and winter typically allows for greater average daily gain (ADG) than graz­ing low-quality forages; however, modest overall costs associated with grazing perennial, dormant forages may be competitive during times when feed prices are relatively high.

Providing …

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Increased Pregnancy In Suckled Beef Cows Not Detected In Estrus And Subjected To A Split-Time Artificial Insemination Program, S. L. Hill, D. M. Grieger, K C. Olson, J. R. Jaeger, K. R. Harmoney, C. R. Dahlen, M. R. Crosswhite, N. Negrin Pereira, S. R. Underdahl, B. W. Neville, J. Ahola, M. C. Fischer, G E. Seidel, J. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Estrus-synchronization programs allow insemination of all females in a herd at one fixed time on the first day of the breeding season. Inseminating cows after they have expressed estrus increases pregnancy rate (PR) compared with cows that do not display estrus in a timed AI (TAI) program. Identification of estrus status can be facilitated by using estrus-detection patches. Varying AI timing according to estrus status has increased PR in some previous studies. Reducing the number of injections in a TAI program decreases labor requirements, stress on cows, and overall cost of the program. Previous studies have demonstrated that PR is …

Effects Of Interseeding Ladino Clover Into Tall Fescue Pastures Of Varying Endophyte Status On Grazing Performance Of Stocker Steers, L. W. Lomas, J. L. Moyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Tall fescue, the most widely adapted cool-season perennial grass in the United States, is grown on approximately 66 million acres. Although tall fescue is well adapted in the eastern half of the country between the temperate north and mild south, presence of a fungal endophyte results in poor performance of grazing livestock, especially during the summer. Until recently, producers with high-endophyte tall fescue pastures had two primary options for improving grazing livestock performance. One option was to destroy existing stands and replace them with endophyte-free fescue or other forages. Although it supports greater animal performance than endophyte-infected fescue, endophyte-free fescue …

Effects Of Supplementation With Corn Or Dried Distillers Grains On Gains Of Heifer Calves Grazing Smooth Bromegrass Pastures, L. W. Lomas, J. L. Moyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Distillers grains, a by-product of the ethanol industry, have tremendous potential as an economical and nutritious supplement for grazing cattle. Distillers grains contain a high concentration of protein (25 to 30%), with more than two-thirds escaping degradation in the rumen, which makes it an excellent supplement for younger cattle. Recent advancements in the ethanol manufacturing process have resulted in extraction of a greater amount of fat; therefore, creating distillers grains that may contain less energy than corn. This research was conducted to compare performance of stocker cattle supplemented with corn or DDG at 0.5% body weight per head daily while …

Evaluation Of Supplemental Energy Source For Grazing Stocker Cattle, L. W. Lomas, J. K. Farney, J. L. Moyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Supplementation of grazing cattle is most economically feasible when cattle prices are high relative to the price of grain. Energy supplementation of grazing ruminants may reduce forage intake and digestibility, but energy supplementation at low levels (less than 0.4% bodyweight) has been shown to have little effect on forage intake when crude protein was not limiting. Several studies have evaluated the effect of supplementation on stocker cattle gains and forage utilization during the grazing phase, but few have evaluated the effects of supplementation during the grazing phase on subsequent finishing performance and carcass traits. This research seeks to obtain a …

The Effects Of Maternal Dietary Supplementation Of Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) And 25(Oh)D3 On Sow And Progeny Performance, M. T. Thayer, J. L. Nelssen, A. J. Langemeier, J. Morton, J. M. Gonzales, S. R. Kruger, Z. Ou, A. J. Makowski, J. R. Bergstrom

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 69 sows (DNA Line 200 × 400) and their progeny were used to determine if feeding a combination of vitamin D₃(Rovimix D₃, 500,000 IU/g; DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) and 25(OH)D₃(Hy-D, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) influences neonatal and sow vitamin D3 status, muscle fiber morphometrics and development of the piglets, and subsequent growth performance to market. Within 3 days of breeding, sows were allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments fortified with 680 IU/lb vitamin D₃(CON), 227 IU/lb vitamin D₃+ 11.3 μg/lb 25(OH)D₃(DL), or …

Effects Of The Age Of Newborn Pigs Receiving An Iron Injection On Suckling And Subsequent Nursery Performance And Blood Criteria, H. Williams, C. D. Roubicek, J. M. Derouchey, J. C. Woodworth, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, A. Holtcamp

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 324 newborn pigs (DNA 241 × 600, initially 3.56 ± 0.10 lb body weight (BW)) were used in a 80-d study evaluating the effects of Fe injection timing after birth on suckling and subsequent nursery pig performance and blood criteria. GleptoForte (Ceva Animal Health, LLC., Lenexa, KS) contains gleptoferron, which is an Fe macromolecule complex that is used as an injectable Fe source for suckling piglets. A total of 27 litters were used with the number of pigs per sow equalized on each day of farrowing. Two d after birth, all piglets were weighed, and six barrows …

Effects Of Biowish Multibio 3p On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Grow-Finish Pigs, M. B. Menegat, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study was conducted to determine the effects of a multi-species direct-fed microbial product based on lactic acid bacteria andBacillus subtilison growth performance and carcass characteristics of grow-finish pigs. A total of 1,188 pigs (PIC 359 × 1050; initially 57 lb BW) were used in a 121-d growth trial with 27 pigs per pen and 22 pens per treatment. Pigs were allotted to treatments based on initial body weight (BW) in a randomized complete block design. The two experimental diets were Control and Biowish (BIOWISH MultiBio 3P, BIOWISH Technologies Inc., Cincinnati, OH). The diets were based on corn, …

Determining The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Of Medium Chain Fatty Acids For Generic Escherichia Coli, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, And Campylobacter Coli, R. A. Cochrane, R. G. Amachawadi, S. E. Remfry, A. B. Lerner, T. G. Nagaraja, J. C. Woodworth, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, M. C. Niederwerder, C. K. Jones

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Research has demonstrated that medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) can serve as reduction strategies for bacterial and viral pathogens in animal feed and ingredients. However, it is unknown how the type or level of MCFA impact bacteria growth. This can be tested through a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) benchtop assay, which identifies the lowest concentration of a chemical that prevents visible growth of a bacterium. The objective of this study was to 1) determine the MCFA MIC of C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, and C12:0 for genericEscherichiacoli, EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli,SalmonellaTyphimurium,Campylobactercoli, andClostridium perfringens; 2) …

Evaluating Medium Chain Fatty Acids As An Alternative To Chlortetracycline In Nursery Pig Diets, R. A. Cochrane, J. R. Pluske, J. P. Mansfield, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, M. C. Niederwerder, C. B. Paulk, C. K. Jones

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An experiment was conducted to evaluate medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) as a potential alternative to chlortetracycline (CTC) in nursery pigs. One hundred entire male pigs (initially 14.1 ± 1.6 lb body weight (BW) and weaned at 22 d of age) were used in a 29-d disease challenge study. Pigs were allowed 5 acclimation days after weaning, followed by 2 d of disease challenge with Enterotoxigenic β-hemolyticEscherichia coli(ETEC), serotype O149:K91: K88. After the challenge, pigs were allotted to a diet with 1 of 5 treatments: 1) control with no additives; 2) 400 g/ton CTC (Chlortet 200G, Eco Animal …