Challenges Of Stocking Small Ruminants In Grazing Plots With Dormant Browse Species, Sanjok Poudel, Uma Karki, Wendell Mcelhenney, Asha Tillman, Lila Karki, Anthony Kumi, Yubaraj Karki

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

Abstract

Integration of browse species into the grazing system can increase the grazing/browsing opportunity; however, information is limited on their proper management for long-term use and persistence. The objective of the study was to determine whether it is safe to allow small ruminants to graze pastures consisting of dormant browse species. Katahdin ram lambs (9) and Kiko wethers (20) had access to the study plots containing four dormant browse species (mulberry, Morus alba; mimosa, Albizia julibrissin; white lead tree, Leucaena leucocephala; and bush indigo, Amorpha fruticosa) for two months. Type and extent of damage to the browse species were ...

Improvement In Simple Artificial Insemination In Sheep Using Chilled Extended Semen And Consideration Of Fertility In Ewes, Mohan Acharya

Theses and Dissertations

Three studies were conducted to improve simple artificial insemination in sheep using chilled extended semen and evaluate methods to predict fertility in ewes. The first study evaluated the effect of semen extenders and storage temperature on motility parameters of ram semen stored for up to 72 h. Single semen collected from each ram was divided into four parts and extended using four extenders: milk, TRIS, TEST, and CJ-2, diluted to 600 million sperm/ml and loaded into 0.25 ml straws for storage at 4 and 15° C. Most of the CASA motility parameters were higher after extension and storage ...

Corn Substitutes For Fattening Lambs—Parts I And Ii, John M. Evvard, Russell Dunn, C. C. Culbertson

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

Shelled corn is a superior basal grain for fattening lambs in dry lot, in the cornbelt and under the conditions of the experiments reported in this bulletin. This fact stands out clearly in the results of the two years’ work at the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station in the winters of 1918-19 and 1919-20.

Shelled corn proved to be more efficient than either oats or barley when fed alone, this being the case when all factors, such as feed required per hundred pounds gain, feed costs, cost of shipping and margin of profit or loss per lamb, are considered.

Diseases Of Sheep Observed In Iowa., W. B. Niles

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

Owing to the increasing importance of the sheep industry and the frequent inquiries received concerning diseases of this animal, many of which are imperfectly understood by sheep raisers and veterinarians, it was deemed advisable to investigate and obtain as much information of diseases of sheep occurring in this state as could be done in a comparatively short period of time, with the facilities at our command.

Lamb Feeding. Ii., C. F. Curtiss, James W. Wilson

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

The work herein recorded presents a continuation of the experiment in lamb feeding, taken up by this station in November, 1895. and reported in bulletin 33, including a few additional features, together with a summary of both experiments covering all points of the former duplicated in this.

At the time this work was taken up sheep were not in demand and not generally regarded profitable in this and other agricultural states. The total number of sheep in Iowa decreased from 791,043 to 565.137, or 28 per cent, in three years from January, 1893, to January, 1896, and the ...

Feeding Lambs., James Wilson, C. F. Curtiss

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

The sheep industry of the United States along mutton lines, is one of growing importance. The Department of Agriculture at Washington reports 38,298,783 head in January 1896, valued at $65,167,735. The United States exported 405.748 sheep in 1895, valued at $2,630,686, and during the same year imparted 291,461 head, valued at $682,618. Analysis of these movements will show that we send fat sheep to Europe and import principally lambs from Canada and breeding sheep from England.

Shrinkage Of Wool, C. F. Curtiss

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

It is often desirable to know the loss occasioned by shrink age in handling and holding wool under varying conditions. With this end in view, as well as to make a comparison of different methods of storing wool, twenty-four fleeces, divided into four lots, were stored by three different methods and weighed periodically (generally monthly) for a year. Three lots of the wool were from high grade Shropshire sheep, clipped from between the 14th and 18th of April, 1892.

One lot, consisting of five fleeces was weighed, fleeces separately, and packed in a dry clean box just large enough to ...

Experiments With Sheep, James Wilson, C. F. Curtiss

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

We conducted experiments with sheep during the past winter. The College owns seven breeds of registered sheep. They were wintered in a comfortable barn, where each lot could be controlled in all its relations. Grain, hay, water, and facilities for weighing were all convenient. The sheep were gentle and familiar with the herdsman, who did all the feeding and weighing, and made written reports daily, that were recorded. Every provision that could be made to secure accurate work was at hand. The experiment began Dec. 10th and continued for 90 days, to March 7th.

We had in view the amounts ...

Feeding Lambs, C. F. Curtiss

Bulletin (Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station)

For the purpose of determining the effect of different rations in feeding lambs, an experiment was conducted extending over a period of 121 days— December 1, 1891, to April 1, 1892. The lambs used were four pairs of twins. One pair was said to be full blooded Hampshires and the others were of mixed Cotswold and Down blood. All of them were selected from a large flock owned in the vicinity of the College and were taken from the ewes in the latter part of September, and given a light grain ration on good clover pasture until put into the ...

Predicting The Onset Of Parturition By Determining Calcium In Prepartum Milk Of Sheep, Lensey Watson

Animal Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

Multiple methods of pregnancy detection can be used in sheep production. The gestation period for sheep is usually between 144 and 150 days; however, depending on the breed and age of the ewes, this number can vary. A breeding marker, such as a breeding crayon, is used to detect when the ewe is bred by the ram, and the date the ewe will lamb is typically calculated based on an average 145-day gestation. Unfortunately, this method provides only a rough estimate of when the ewe could lamb. In addition, because sheep routinely give birth to multiples (twins, triplets, and, sometimes ...

The Salt Consumption Of Sheep: Fattening Lambs, John M. Evvard, L. C. Brown, C. C. Culbertson, W. E. Hammond

Research Bulletin (Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station)

1. Common salt (sodium chloride) is one of the essential nutrients in the rations of sheep and lambs, and the proper provision of it makes for a more profitable and satisfactory sheep husbandry.

2. Free-choice salt feeding with our present knowledge appears to be the most satisfactory method of allowance under Corn-belt conditions to secure near-optimum nutritional results.

3. When salt is arbitrarily allowed, mixed with the feeds, experimental results indicate that with our present understanding of the factors controlling salt needs, it is very difficult to approximate the correct quantitative allowance.

4. Researches with wintering ewes indicate that salting ...

Cdna Sequences Of The Caprine Gamma Delta T Cell Hybrid Co-Receptor And Pathogen Recognition Receptor Wc1 Multigene Family, Maria Solangi

Masters Theses

Workshop cluster 1 (WC1) molecules are exclusively expressed on the surface of gamma delta T cells and act as co-receptors and bind pathogens thus also functioning as pattern recognition receptors. The aim was to obtain cDNA evidence to support the recent caprine genome annotation of the WC1 multigene family conducted by a colleague. To get cDNA sequences three strategies were used. Strategy 'I' was used to obtain three clones that corresponded to WC1 SRCR domain d9 through the intracytoplasmic tail sequence. Strategy 'II' was used to obtain 6 clones. A PCR was conducted using SRCR domain b7 through the intracytoplasmic ...

Effect Of Pre-Marketing Management Practices On Shrink Loss In Lambs, Ann Kolthoff

Theses and Dissertations

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of three common lamb pre-marketing management practices on live weight shrink loss. Additionally a producer survey was conducted to assess current marketing practices in the North Central region of the US. In these experiments, Exp. 1 (feeder lambs) and 2 (finished lambs), 60 commercial Polypay lambs (Exp. 1: 37.65 ± 0.30 kg of BW; Exp. 2: 52.56 ± 0.14 kg of BW) were allocated for each experiment to 3 treatment groups (n=20 lambs) in a 3 x 3 Latin square design. Treatments were the pre-marketing practices: original pen (ORG ...

Effect Of Delayed Wrapping And Wrapping Source On Intake And Digestibility Of Alfalfa Silage In Gestating Sheep, Valens Niyigena

Theses and Dissertations

Baling silage with oxygen can result in dry matter deterioration and reduce silage intake by animals. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of two different wrapping sources and time intervals between baling and wrapping on intake and digestibility of alfalfa silage. The second objective was to assess the correlation of alfalfa silage fermentation parameters with intake and digestibility parameters in gestating sheep. Alfalfa silage was baled in large round bales then wrapped with plastic either with (KURA) or without (SUN) an oxygen-limiting barrier either the day of baling or 1, 2 or 3 d after baling. Beginning in ...

Grazing With Goats Changed The Woodland Plant-Species Composition During Summer, Rishi Khatri, Uma Karki, Jerry Bettis, Yubaraj Karki

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

Abstract

Woodland grazing is a common practice in the Southeast; however, information is limited on its effects on the woodland plant-species composition. The study objective was to determine the effect of summer grazing on woodland plant-species composition. Before- and after-grazing observations were taken at the ground, mid, and high levels in three plots (1-acre each) along the pre-established transects. Kiko wethers (29, 6-8 months old, 26.8±0.67 kg body weight) were allowed to graze the plots after before-grazing observations were taken. After-grazing observations were taken immediately after the goats were moved out from the plots. Grazing showed a ...

A Pilot Study Of Sheep Disease Surveillance In Western Australia, Roy Butler

Contributions to Conferences

A pilot study of sheep disease surveillance was conducted in 2014-2015 on four farms in the eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia. The participants observed their sheep, sufficiently closely to notice disease, at least every second day. Most of the disease syndrome reports related to fewer than five sheep, demonstrating that farmers noticed problems in individual sheep, and not only in groups of sheep. Of a total of 66 disease syndrome observations reported over 12 months, the three most frequently occurring syndromes were found dead + sudden death (combined), skin lesions, and lameness.

Age End-Point Effects On Performance, Carcass Measurements, And Tenderness In Goats, Kelsey Lynn Basinger

Theses and Dissertations

Goat meat is consumed all across the world, especially in developing countries. Moreover, the meat goat industry is growing in popularity in the United States due to ethnic demand of an increasing immigrant population. The objective of this study was to measure age end-point effects on performance, carcass measurements, and tenderness in goats. Intact Kiko × Boer F1 male (n = 46) kids were born on pasture in the spring of 2014 and 2015, weaned at approximately 100 d of age, and weighed monthly. Creep feed was offered to kids from birth to weaning and a high concentrate diet was offered after ...

Calcium And Magnesium Absorption And Retention By Growing Goats Offered Diets With Different Calcium Sources., Jennifer Long

Animal Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

Calcium addition is necessary in order to balance the high phosphorus concentrations that are characteristic of high-concentrate ruminant diets. However, calcium sources differ in their bioavailability. Our objective was to determine apparent Ca and Mg absorption and retention in goats offered diets containing different sources of Ca. Spanish-Boer goats (n=18; 19.6 ± 1.88 kg) were stratified by BW and sex and randomized to dietary treatments consisting of Purina Antlermax 16 containing either calcium carbonate (CC), Calmin (CM) or Milk Cal (MC). Goats were adapted to a control, corn-based high-concentrate diet on pasture and then moved to individual 1 ...

Fatty Acid Composition Of Growing Kiko X Spanish Crossbred Intact Male Goats Fed Varying Levels Of Peanut Skins, Aleta R. Stone, Nar Gurung, Sandra G. Solaiman, Byeng R. Min, Gamal M. Abdelrahim, Anthony S. Kumi, Wendell H. Mcelhenney

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

Abstract

The objective was to evaluate the effects of feeding peanut skins (PS) on fatty acid profile of goat meat. The diets used contained 0, 10, 20, and 30% of PS. After 92 days, longissimus muscle (LM), mesenteric adipose (MA), and subcutaneous (SA) tissue samples were analyzed for fatty acid profile. Eighteen (18), 21, and 21 fatty acids were detected in LM, MS and SC adipose tissues, respectively. No changes were detected in the fatty acid profile, but C18:0 increased linearly in LM (p < 0.05) with increasing level of PS whereas C18:1 decreased in the similar manner (p = 0.05). Total saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid percentage increased linearly (p ...

Impact Of Stress Hormones And Iugr Fetal Conditions On Myoblast Function, Hannah E. Riley, Kristin A. Beede, Dustin T. Yates

UCARE Research Products

Chronic fetal stress causes adaptive responses that result in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Maternal stressors including heat stress, illness, and obesity cause placental dysfunction that harshens the intrauterine environment by inducing hypoxia and nutrient restriction. IUGR fetuses have restricted growth through the last trimester and after birth. The objective of this study was to test the effects of stress hormones on myoblast proliferation rates. L6 cells and primary myoblasts that were isolated from IUGR fetal sheep in a previous study were used to study the effects of stress hormones on myoblast proliferation and myoblast gene expression. Incubation in epinephrine-spiked media ...