Sheep and Goat Science Commons^™

Signatures Of Selection And Environmental Adaptation Across The Goat Genome Post-Domestication, Francesca Bertolini, Bertrand Servin, Andrea Talenti, Estelle Rochat, Eui Soo Kim, Claire Oget, Isabelle Palhière, Alessandra Crisà, Gennaro Catillo, Roberto Steri, Marcel Amills, Licia Colli, Gabriele Marras, Marco Milanesi, Ezequiel Nicolazzi, Benjamin D. Rosen, Curtis P. Van Tassell, Brent Guldbrandtsen, Tad S. Sonstegard, Gwenola Tosser‑Klopp, Alessandra Stella, Max F. Rothschild, Stéphane Joost, Paola Crepaldi

Max Rothschild

Background: Since goat was domesticated 10,000 years ago, many factors have contributed to the differentiation of goat breeds and these are classified mainly into two types: (i) adaptation to different breeding systems and/or purposes and (ii) adaptation to different environments. As a result, approximately 600 goat breeds have developed worldwide; they differ considerably from one another in terms of phenotypic characteristics and are adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions. In this work, we analyzed the AdaptMap goat dataset, which is composed of data from more than 3000 animals collected worldwide and genotyped with the CaprineSNP50 BeadChip ...

Genome-Wide Snp Profiling Of Worldwide Goat Populations Reveals Strong Partitioning Of Diversity And Highlights Post-Domestication Migration Routes, Licia Colli, Marco Milanesi, Andrea Talenti, Francesca Bertolini, Minhui Chen, Alessandra Crisà, Kevin Gerard Daly, Marcello Del Corvo, Bernt Guldbrandtsen, Johannes A. Lenstra, Benjamin D. Rosen, Elia Vajana, Gennaro Catillo, Stéphane Joost, Ezequiel Luis Nicolazzi, Estelle Rochat, Max F. Rothschild, Bertrand Servin, Tad S. Sonstegard, Roberto Steri, Curtis P. Van Tassell, Paolo Ajmone‑Marsan, Paola Crepaldi, Alessandra Stella

Max Rothschild

Background: Goat populations that are characterized within the AdaptMap project cover a large part of the worldwide distribution of this species and provide the opportunity to assess their diversity at a global scale. We analysed genome-wide 50 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from 144 populations to describe the global patterns of molecular variation, compare them to those observed in other livestock species, and identify the drivers that led to the current distribution of goats.

Results: A high degree of genetic variability exists among the goat populations studied. Our results highlight a strong partitioning of molecular diversity between and within ...

Predicting Live Weight Of Rural African Goats Using Body Measurements, Josue Chinchilla-Vargas, M Jennifer Woodward-Greene, Curtis P. Van Tassell, Clet Wandui Masiga, Max F. Rothschild

Max Rothschild

The goal of the current study was to develop simple regression-based equations that allow small-scale producers to use simple body measurements to accurately predict live weight of typical African goats. The data used in this study were recorded in five African countries, and was composed of 814 individuals of 40 indigenous breeds or populations and crosses that included 158 males and 656 females. Records included the live weight measured with a hanging scale, linear body measurements, country, breed, owner, and age. Country, breed, age, chest girth, height at withers, body length, and shoulder width had large effects (p76 cm, the ...

Genome-Wide Patterns Of Homozygosity Provide Clues About The Population History And Adaptation Of Goats, Francesca Bertolini, Tainã Figueiredo Cardoso, Gabriele Marras, Ezequiel L. Nicolazzi, Max F. Rothschild, Marcel Amills

Max Rothschild

Background: Patterns of homozygosity can be influenced by several factors, such as demography, recombination, and selection. Using the goat SNP50 BeadChip, we genotyped 3171 goats belonging to 117 populations with a worldwide distribution. Our objectives were to characterize the number and length of runs of homozygosity (ROH) and to detect ROH hotspots in order to gain new insights into the consequences of neutral and selection processes on the genome-wide homozygosity patterns of goats.

Results: The proportion of the goat genome covered by ROH is, in general, less than 15% with an inverse relationship between ROH length and frequency i.e ...

Patterns Of Homozygosity In Insular And Continental Goat Breeds, Taina F. Cardoso, Marcel Amills, Francesca Bertolini, Max Rothschild, Gabriele Marras, Geert Boink, Jordi Jordana, Juan Capote, Sean Carolan, Jón H. Hallsson, Juha Kantanen, Agueda Pons, Johannes A. Lenstra

Max Rothschild

Background: Genetic isolation of breeds may result in a significant loss of diversity and have consequences on health and performance. In this study, we examined the effect of geographic isolation on caprine genetic diversity patterns by genotyping 480 individuals from 25 European and African breeds with the Goat SNP50 BeadChip and comparing patterns of homozygosity of insular and nearby continental breeds.

Results: Among the breeds analysed, number and total length of ROH varied considerably and depending on breeds, ROH could cover a substantial fraction of the genome (up to 1.6 Gb in Icelandic goats). When compared with their continental ...

Adaptmap: Exploring Goat Diversity And Adaptation, Alessandra Stella, Ezequiel Luis Nicolazzi, Curtis P. Van Tassell, Max F. Rothschild, Licia Colli, Benjamin D. Rosen, Tad S. Sonstegard, Paola Crepaldi, Gwenola Tosser-Klopp, Stephane Joost, Francesca Bertolini, Jim Reecy

Max Rothschild

International initiatives on goat genetics and genomics

Goats are bred worldwide and present in a wide variety of production environments. Local breeds, which are well adapted to a range of agro-ecological conditions, contribute to ensuring the sustainability of livestock farming in marginal and difficult areas in both developed and developing countries. Compared to other livestock species, goats have been domesticated in a single region and subject to a limited amount of hybridization between breeds, thus they represent one of the best species for the study of genetic diversity and adaptation.

Productivity And Meat Quality With Meat Goat Management, Trent Drae Dugas

LSU Master's Theses

The growth of kid meat goats and their carcass and meat characteristics with monensin sodium or decoquinate coccidiostats in feed were studied. Seventy-three goats of various breeds were divided into six groups with the treatments of control, monensin and decoquinate. Half of the goats were harvested at day 45 and the rest at day 60. The second harvest monensin group had a larger percentage of the goat carcass as the hind leg (P

Supplementation of permanent pasture with sunn hemp forage or concentrate feed were compared for influences on growth, carcass traits, and meat properties of kid meat goats. Goats ...

Adaptmap: Exploring Goat Diversity And Adaptation, Alessandra Stella, Ezequiel Luis Nicolazzi, Curtis P. Van Tassell, Max F. Rothschild, Licia Colli, Benjamin D. Rosen, Tad S. Sonstegard, Paola Crepaldi, Gwenola Tosser-Klopp, Stephane Joost, Francesca Bertolini, Jim Reecy

James M Reecy

International initiatives on goat genetics and genomics

Goats are bred worldwide and present in a wide variety of production environments. Local breeds, which are well adapted to a range of agro-ecological conditions, contribute to ensuring the sustainability of livestock farming in marginal and difficult areas in both developed and developing countries. Compared to other livestock species, goats have been domesticated in a single region and subject to a limited amount of hybridization between breeds, thus they represent one of the best species for the study of genetic diversity and adaptation.

Predicting Kidding Date Using Prepartum Milk Calcium Concentrations And Comparing Kid Growth To Colostrum Quality In Goats, Justin Hamm

Animal Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

Abstract

Goats have a very long history with mankind and are commonly used as a nutritious red meat source around the world. The supply of goat meat in the United States does not meet the growing demand from ethnic consumers. This provides an economic opportunity in Arkansas agriculture because goats are uniquely adapted to the Ozark environment. There is a wide gap in caprine research which facilitated the conception of the study’s objectives to determine whether prepartum milk in goats showed a sudden rise in calcium levels within 24 to 48 hours of kidding and to ascertain whether an ...

Signatures Of Selection And Environmental Adaptation Across The Goat Genome Post-Domestication, Francesca Bertolini, Bertrand Servin, Andrea Talenti, Estelle Rochat, Eui Soo Kim, Claire Oget, Isabelle Palhière, Alessandra Crisà, Gennaro Catillo, Roberto Steri, Marcel Amills, Licia Colli, Gabriele Marras, Marco Milanesi, Ezequiel Nicolazzi, Benjamin D. Rosen, Curtis P. Van Tassell, Brent Guldbrandtsen, Tad S. Sonstegard, Gwenola Tosser‑Klopp, Alessandra Stella, Max F. Rothschild, Stéphane Joost, Paola Crepaldi, Adaptmap Consortium

Animal Science Publications

Background: Since goat was domesticated 10,000 years ago, many factors have contributed to the differentiation of goat breeds and these are classified mainly into two types: (i) adaptation to different breeding systems and/or purposes and (ii) adaptation to different environments. As a result, approximately 600 goat breeds have developed worldwide; they differ considerably from one another in terms of phenotypic characteristics and are adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions. In this work, we analyzed the AdaptMap goat dataset, which is composed of data from more than 3000 animals collected worldwide and genotyped with the CaprineSNP50 BeadChip ...

Genome-Wide Snp Profiling Of Worldwide Goat Populations Reveals Strong Partitioning Of Diversity And Highlights Post-Domestication Migration Routes, Licia Colli, Marco Milanesi, Andrea Talenti, Francesca Bertolini, Minhui Chen, Alessandra Crisà, Kevin Gerard Daly, Marcello Del Corvo, Bernt Guldbrandtsen, Johannes A. Lenstra, Benjamin D. Rosen, Elia Vajana, Gennaro Catillo, Stéphane Joost, Ezequiel Luis Nicolazzi, Estelle Rochat, Max F. Rothschild, Bertrand Servin, Tad S. Sonstegard, Roberto Steri, Curtis P. Van Tassell, Paolo Ajmone‑Marsan, Paola Crepaldi, Alessandra Stella, Adaptmap Consortium

Animal Science Publications

Background: Goat populations that are characterized within the AdaptMap project cover a large part of the worldwide distribution of this species and provide the opportunity to assess their diversity at a global scale. We analysed genome-wide 50 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from 144 populations to describe the global patterns of molecular variation, compare them to those observed in other livestock species, and identify the drivers that led to the current distribution of goats.

Results: A high degree of genetic variability exists among the goat populations studied. Our results highlight a strong partitioning of molecular diversity between and within ...

Genome-Wide Patterns Of Homozygosity Provide Clues About The Population History And Adaptation Of Goats, Francesca Bertolini, Tainã Figueiredo Cardoso, Gabriele Marras, Ezequiel L. Nicolazzi, Max F. Rothschild, Marcel Amills, Adaptmap Consortium

Animal Science Publications

Background: Patterns of homozygosity can be influenced by several factors, such as demography, recombination, and selection. Using the goat SNP50 BeadChip, we genotyped 3171 goats belonging to 117 populations with a worldwide distribution. Our objectives were to characterize the number and length of runs of homozygosity (ROH) and to detect ROH hotspots in order to gain new insights into the consequences of neutral and selection processes on the genome-wide homozygosity patterns of goats.

Results: The proportion of the goat genome covered by ROH is, in general, less than 15% with an inverse relationship between ROH length and frequency i.e ...

Adaptmap: Exploring Goat Diversity And Adaptation, Alessandra Stella, Ezequiel Luis Nicolazzi, Curtis P. Van Tassell, Max F. Rothschild, Licia Colli, Benjamin D. Rosen, Tad S. Sonstegard, Paola Crepaldi, Gwenola Tosser-Klopp, Stephane Joost, Francesca Bertolini, Jim Reecy, Adaptmap Consortium

Animal Science Publications

International initiatives on goat genetics and genomics

Goats are bred worldwide and present in a wide variety of production environments. Local breeds, which are well adapted to a range of agro-ecological conditions, contribute to ensuring the sustainability of livestock farming in marginal and difficult areas in both developed and developing countries. Compared to other livestock species, goats have been domesticated in a single region and subject to a limited amount of hybridization between breeds, thus they represent one of the best species for the study of genetic diversity and adaptation.

Patterns Of Homozygosity In Insular And Continental Goat Breeds, Taina F. Cardoso, Marcel Amills, Francesca Bertolini, Max Rothschild, Gabriele Marras, Geert Boink, Jordi Jordana, Juan Capote, Sean Carolan, Jón H. Hallsson, Juha Kantanen, Agueda Pons, Johannes A. Lenstra, The Adaptmap Consortium

Animal Science Publications

Background: Genetic isolation of breeds may result in a significant loss of diversity and have consequences on health and performance. In this study, we examined the effect of geographic isolation on caprine genetic diversity patterns by genotyping 480 individuals from 25 European and African breeds with the Goat SNP50 BeadChip and comparing patterns of homozygosity of insular and nearby continental breeds.

Results: Among the breeds analysed, number and total length of ROH varied considerably and depending on breeds, ROH could cover a substantial fraction of the genome (up to 1.6 Gb in Icelandic goats). When compared with their continental ...

Predicting Live Weight Of Rural African Goats Using Body Measurements, Josue Chinchilla-Vargas, M Jennifer Woodward-Greene, Curtis P. Van Tassell, Clet Wandui Masiga, Max F. Rothschild

Animal Science Publications

The goal of the current study was to develop simple regression-based equations that allow small-scale producers to use simple body measurements to accurately predict live weight of typical African goats. The data used in this study were recorded in five African countries, and was composed of 814 individuals of 40 indigenous breeds or populations and crosses that included 158 males and 656 females. Records included the live weight measured with a hanging scale, linear body measurements, country, breed, owner, and age. Country, breed, age, chest girth, height at withers, body length, and shoulder width had large effects (p76 cm, the ...

Assets Of Sheep's Dock, Tuguldur Turbaatar, Tuguldur Battulga, Khongorzul Turhuu

The International Student Science Fair 2018

Background: Traditionally, Mongolians used sheep tail fat for infants’ food and massage medication. Nowadays, the fat from sheep tail is industrially processed and added to the beauty and cosmetic products. But it remains widely unknown worldwide. This study aims to find out its chemical components and to identify its assets.

Procedure and results: We cut the sheep tail fat into three main pieces with 1mm in width and heated in a water bath to separate the liquid lipid. After this, we titrated the lipid with potassium hydroxide solution and measured the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid of sheep tail fat ...

Assets Of Sheep's Dock, Tuguldur Turbaatar, Tuguldur Battulga, Khongorzul Turhuu

The International Student Science Fair 2018

Background: Traditionally, Mongolians used sheep tail fat for infants’ food and massage medication. Nowadays, the fat from sheep tail is industrially processed and added to the beauty and cosmetic products. But it remains widely unknown worldwide. This study aims to find out its chemical components and to identify its assets.

Procedure and results: We cut the sheep tail fat into three main pieces with 1mm in width and heated in a water bath to separate the liquid lipid. After this, we titrated the lipid with potassium hydroxide solution and measured the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid of sheep tail fat ...

Does Experience With Sagebrush In Utero And Early In Life Influence Use Of Sagebrush By Sheep?, Juan J. Villalba, Fred Provenza, Ashley Longmore

Poisonous Plant Research (PPR)

Learning from mother begins early in the developmental process and can have lifelong effects when it comes to foraging behavior. Pregnancy is not just an incubation period but a starting point for animal well-being and disease later in life. A better understanding of the effects that early exposure to unpalatable feeds impinges on their use later in life may help create management plans that utilize grazing animals to their full potential as landscape manipulators.

Thus, the objective of this research was to explore how experience in utero and early in life with sagebrush (Artemesia tridentata spp. tridentata) -a terpenoid-containing shrub- ...

Effects Of Dietary Zinc Concentration During Gestation On Preweaning Progeny Performance, Melanie Whitmore

Honors Theses AY 17/18

Mastitis is one of the leading reasons for culling ewes from U.S. flocks, and subclinical mastitis indicated by high somatic cell counts (SCC) in milk has also been shown to negatively impact ewe productivity. However, means to reduce subclinical mastitis and consequential effects on lamb production are sparse. A previous study which found deprived zinc levels in ewes with high SCC suggests that ewes supplemented with zinc may exhibit lower SCC and increased lamb performance (Murphy et al, 2018). In this study, yearling ewes (n = 59) were provided zinc above dietary recommendations during gestation and the effects on lamb ...

Effects Of Environmental Enrichment On Behavior In A Domestic Goat Herd, Stephanie Peramas

Senior Honors Projects

Animal welfare is one of the most important parts of animal management. Apart from other measures of good animal welfare, like being in good health, animal behavior can be indicative of the animal’s internal state and is often one of the first signs of improper welfare. Stereotypies, or stereotypic behavior, are commonly viewed as a symptom of improper animal welfare. Unenriched, or barren, environments associated with farmed livestock have long been associated with inducing stereotypic behavior. The addition of precise enrichment to the animals’ environment is a common remedy for stereotypic behavior. With respect to stereotypic goat behavior, few ...