Other Animal Sciences Commons^™

Pb1624 Managing Nuisance Animals And Associated Damage Around The Home, Craig A. Harper, Aubrey L. Deck

Wildlife and Fisheries

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Direct-Fed Microbials On Nutrient Utilization In Beef Cattle, Nicole Kenney

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The impact of lactate producing direct-fed microbial (DFM) on growth performance and rumen fermentation in beef cattle was explored in four studies. Experiment 1 studied the interaction between DFM and degradable intake protein (DIP) supply in receiving cattle. No differences (P≥0.06) in intake, morbidity, or immune response were observed; however, during the first 28 d gain and efficiency responses to DFM were dependent on DIP (DIP×DFM P≤0.05). Experiment 2 showed that in vitro gas production and select endpoint metabolites differed (P≤0.04) with DFM application. Experiment 3 compared lactate producing DFM to a lactate ...

Is Your Immunity Compromised By Being Nice To Your Bacteria? Insights From A Social Amoeba, William E. Callison

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Eukaryotes are dependent on beneficial microbes, but can be killed by harmful ones. How have they evolved responses that protect themselves from harmful bacteria while coddling the beneficial ones? An ideal system for investigating this relationship is the eukaryote social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum because some clones carry commensal bacteria through the social state to use as future seed corn, while others do not. Most of its life, D. discoideum amoeba consume bacteria and divide by binary fission. Under starvation, amoebae aggregate into a multicellular body which crawls to light, then forms a fruiting body of 20% dead stalk cells and ...

Nutrient, Tenderness, And Strip Loin Differences Of Beef From Cattle Due To Mutation Of The Myostatin Gene, Michelle Elaine Semler

Theses and Dissertations in Animal Science

The objectives of this study was to determine tenderness, nutrient, and musculature differences of loins from cattle with variation of myostatin gene. Steers (n = 21, 22, and 16) and heifers (n = 19, 20, and 20) were genotyped as homozygous (MM; active myostatin gene), heterozygous (Mm; partially recessive myostatin) or homozygous (mm; recessive inactive myostatin), respectively. At 3 d post mortem Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Semitendinosus (ST) were collected. Loins were cut into 2.5 cm thick steaks evaluated for: total number steaks, total number vein steaks, total number non-vein steaks, and individual steak weight. Nutrient analysis steaks were cut 1 ...

Production Management Factors Affecting Inherent Beef Flavor: The Role Of Post-Weaning Forage, Energy Supplementation, Finishing Diets, And Aging Periods, Kimberly A. Varnold

Theses and Dissertations in Animal Science

Projects were conducted to determine effects of diet and aging periods on inherent beef flavor characteristics by relating biochemical constituents of meat, consumer acceptability, and lexicon flavor notes of two different muscles. Prediction equations were also created. Warm-season grasses caused increased concentrations of moisture, heme iron, and zinc in L. dorsi steaks. Aging 28 d instead of 7 d caused increased pH, carbohydrate, and heme and non-heme iron concentrations in B. femoris steaks. Warm-season grasses caused decreased concentrations in a majority of fatty acids, specifically when supplementation was not provided. Few differences were observed with cool-season grasses. Provision of wet ...

Effects Of Drying Distillers Grains Plus Solubles On Feedlot Cattle Performance And Nutrient Digestibility, Brandon L. Nuttelman

Theses and Dissertations in Animal Science

All dry milling ethanol plants produce wet distillers grains (WDG) and distillers solubles (DS). Depending on the plant, WDG and DS will be combined to produce wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS). Some plants will partially dry WDGS and market modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS), or other plants will completely dry WDGS to produce dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS). These products have been shown to contain greater feeding values than the corn it replaces in finishing diets. However, as drying intensity of distillers grains plus solubles (DGS) increases, the feeding value relative to corn decreases. Three finishing experiments ...

Effects Of Endophyte Infected Fescue Alkaloid Ingestion On Energy Metabolism, Nitrogen Balance, In Situ Feed Degradation, And Ruminal Passage Rates, Anne F. Koontz

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The decrease in productivity caused by fescue toxicosis has been estimated to cost the United States livestock industry more than $1 billion per year due to reduced growth and diminished reproductive efficiency. This goal of the research presented in this dissertation is to enhance the knowledge base concerning the underlying physiological changes that occur during fescue toxicosis that lead to reduced intake and weight gain in cattle.

As one of the factors associated with fescue toxicosis is a reduction in feed intake, achieving a consistent and adequate intake of toxins can be a complication. Results from experiment 1demonstrate that ruminal ...

Biosecurity Risk Assessment Of The Fairchild Dairy Nutrition Research Center, Margaret Lynch

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Estradiol Supplementation On Blood Estradiol And Metabolite Levels, And Hepatic Protein Expression, In Growing, Mature, And Senescent Beef Cattle, Edwena D. Miles

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Estradiol (Compudose®, COM) implants are extensively used in beef cattle production systems to alter body composition and feed efficiency. Little information exists about the physiological mechanisms affected by COM treatment in growing, mature, and senescent female cattle. Moreover, no reports describe the level of blood estradiol resulting from COM treatment. The effect of COM on levels of plasma estradiol and blood metabolites and proteins, and relative content of glutamine synthetase (GS) and other amino acid nitrogen-metabolizing enzymes in liver tissue, was studied using three experimental models relevant to cow-calf production regimens: senescent cows (Trial 1), young mature (young) versus senescent ...

Evaluating A Primate Sanctuary: Population Assessment Of The Common Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri Sciureus) On Sumak Allpa, Ecuador, Claire Leichter

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The common squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) population on Sumak Allpa was assessed during 33 observation periods between November 5^th and November 24^th of 2012. Sumak Allpa is a 113.15-hectare island on the Napo River in the Orellana Province of Amazonian Ecuador that has been functioning as a primate sanctuary since 2005. Squirrel monkeys were surveyed during 1 to 3 hour observation walks in the mornings, afternoons, and evenings. During two occasions, the island was divided among multiple observers at the same time, including one observer in a canoe on the exterior of the island, to allow more ...

Effects Of Grazing Vs. Resting On Soil Chemistry And Plant Community Dynamics For The Central Coast Of California In 2012, Jessica Combs

Animal Science

No abstract provided.

Beef Cattle Production: Understanding The Effect Of Heifer Development System, Late Gestation Protein Supplementation, And Ovarian Steroidogenic Environment On Productivity, Reproduction, And Longevity, Adam Summers

Theses and Dissertations in Animal Science

Beef cattle longevity is related to reproductive success, which can be influenced by development system and maternal environment. Three experiments were conducted to determine the impact of development system, maternal protein supplementation, and ovarian steroidogenic environment on beef cattle reproduction. Experiment 1 evaluated the effect of heifer development system on heifer performance and reproduction. Heifers developed on corn residue (CR) had reduced BW from prebreeding through pregnancy diagnosis compared with drylot (DL) developed heifers, but there was no difference in reproductive performance. A subset DL and CR heifers were placed in an individual feeding system to determine feed efficiency during ...

Evaluating The Relationship Between Ultrasound-Derived Carcass Characteristics And Production Traits In Angus Cattle, William Michael Mayfield

Masters Theses

Profitability in the beef industry is a crucial aspect of management schemes. The overall aim of this study was to determine if carcass ultrasonography in replacement heifers could explain variation in traits such as reproduction, a major factor in beef cattle efficiency and profitability. During a 10-year period, data were obtained from 906 yearling heifers through the use of carcass ultrasonography. The measurements collected included adjusted values for ribeye area (REA), percent intramuscular fat (%IMF), rib fat (RF), and rump fat. A retrospective analysis was performed on data collected and variables were separated into the extreme high and low 25 ...

Northern Bobwhite (Colinus Virginianus) Population Ecology On Reclaimed Mined Lands, Evan Philip Tanner

Masters Theses

The northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) has experienced range-wide population declines for the past half century. The primary cause has been large-scale habitat loss and fragmentation. Through auspices of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA), large tracts of early successional vegetation have been created throughout much of the bobwhite’s range that may be managed to increase usable space. Peabody WMA is a reclaimed coal mine in Western Kentucky where bobwhite have been present in the past. To better understand the dynamics of this population and how habitat on Peabody WMA influences these dynamics, my two objectives ...

The Effect Of Dam Parity On Progeny Growth Performance, Passive Immunity, And Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Erin E. Hinkle

Theses and Dissertations in Animal Science

Previous research has shown that parity (P) 4 progeny have greater weaning weights and decreased microbial diversity compared to P1 progeny. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate litter performance, passive immunity, and fecal microbiota among P1 and P3 dams and their progeny. In experiment 1, 56 P1 and 49 P3 dams and their progeny’s litter and growth performance, immunoglobulin (IgG and IgA) concentrations, and gut microbiota were evaluated. In experiment 2, 48 pigs per P were selected to determine growth performance, immunoglobulin (IgG and IgA) concentrations, and gut microbiota. In experiment 3, 8 dams per P were selected. At ...

Abundance Of Long-Beaked Common Dolphin (Delphinus Capensis) In California And Western Baja California Waters Estimated From A 2009 Ship-Based Line-Transect Survey, James V. Carretta, Susan J. Chivers, Wayne L. Perryman

Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences

The abundance of the long-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus capensis) is estimated from data collected during a 2009 ship-based line-transect survey. The survey was designed to provide fine-scale coverage of the known range of D. capensis along the California and west Baja California coasts. Estimates of D. capensis abundance presented are the highest to date for California waters and may reflect a combination of improved survey design for this species and increasing numbers of D. capensis in state waters. Estimates of D. capensis abundance within California waters are 183,396 (CV=0.41, 95% CI 78,149 – 379,325) animals. An ...

In Vivo And In Vitro Digestibility Of A Complete Pelleted Feed In Horses, Cassandra Renee Sweeney

Master's Theses and Project Reports

ABSTRACT

COMPLETION OF AN IN VIVO DIGESTIBILITY TRIAL IN HORSES AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY ASSAY DEVELOPMENT

Cassandra Renee Sweeney

In vivo analysis of equine feed digestibility has been the gold standard since the late 1800's, although it can be time consuming, costly, and labor intensive. In vitro digestibility analysis may be more economical and beneficial to both feed manufacturers and consumers. The availability of accurate in vivo data is crucial for critical evaluation and validation of any potential in vitro method (Coles et al., 2005). Ten adult American quarter horse geldings were used in the in vivo digestibility evaluation ...

Hepatic Mitochondrial Efficiency In Lines Of Mice Differing In Feed Intake, Thomas Murphy

Theses and Dissertations in Animal Science

Selection was practiced for high (MH) and low (ML) heat loss using direct calorimetry to create lines of mice differing in feed intake per unit BW (FI/BW). Selection occurred for both criteria in each of 3 replications (R); an unselected control (MC) was also maintained in each replicate. A total of 25 generations of selection was practiced; the 9 lines are presently maintained without selection. As a percentage of MC, mice of MH and ML lines differed in heat loss and FI/BW by 56 and 34%, respectively, when selection ceased. The 218 male mice measured in the present ...

Mechanism And Control Of Beef Toughening During Retail Display In High Oxygen Modified Atmosphere Packages, Lasika S. Senaratne

Theses and Dissertations in Animal Science

This research was conducted to elucidate the mechanism and factors (diet, aging time, antioxidant level, and retail display time) affecting beef toughening in retail display under high oxygen atmosphere packages (HiOx-MAP; 80% O₂ and 20% CO₂). In the first study, effects of HiOx-MAP on color and lipid stability of beef m. longissimus lumborum steaks from yearlings fed corn or 30% wet distillers grains plus soluble (WDGS) diets supplemented with (150 mg/kg) or without (0 mg/kg) AGRADO-PLUS (AG) antioxidants were studied. Steak color-shelf life was extended (P < 0.0001) by HiOx-MAP compared to oxygen permeable film packages (PVC-OW). Steaks from corn+AG-supplemented cattle had (P ≤ 0.05) less discoloration and lower lipid oxidation levels ...

Pillar, Samantha R. (Fa 162), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

FA Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 162. This collection contains a paper entitled “Going Hog Wild in Logan County,” about William Warren Morton Sr. and his work in the swine industry. This paper was written by Samantha Pillar as a part of a class at Western Kentucky University in the fall of 1994. Several photocopied images are included in the paper.