Pilot-Scale H2S And Swine Odor Removal System Using Commercially Available Biochar,
2021
United States Department of Agriculture
Pilot-Scale H2S And Swine Odor Removal System Using Commercially Available Biochar, Kyoung S. Ro, Brian Woodbury, Mindy Spiehs, Ariel A. Szogi, Philip J. Silva, Okhwa Hwang, Sungback Cho
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
Although biochars made in laboratory seem to remove H2S and odorous compounds effectively, very few studies are available for commercial biochars. This study evaluated the efficacy of a commercial biochar (CBC) for removing H2S and odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We found that the well-known Ergun equation may not be adequate in predicting pressure drop for properly sizing a ventilation system. The H2S breakthrough adsorption capacity of the CBC was 2.51 mg/g under humid conditions, which was much higher than that for dry conditions. The breakthrough capacity increased with the influent concentration of H2S. The efficacy of a pilot-scale biochar …
The Ovarian Follicle Of Ruminants: The Path From Conceptus To Adult,
2021
AgResearch Invermay Agricultural Centre
The Ovarian Follicle Of Ruminants: The Path From Conceptus To Adult, Jennifer L. Juengel, Robert A. Cushman, Joëlle Dupont, Stéphane Fabre, Richard G. Lea, Graeme B. Martin, Francesca Mossa, Janet L. Pitman, Christopher A. Price, Peter Smith
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
This review resulted from an international workshop and presents a consensus view of critical advances over the past decade in our understanding of follicle function in ruminants. The major concepts covered include: (1) the value of major genes; (2) the dynamics of fetal ovarian development and its sensitivity to nutritional and environmental influences; (3) the concept of an ovarian follicle reserve, aligned with the rise of anti-Müllerian hormone as a controller of ovarian processes; (4) renewed recognition of the diverse and important roles of theca cells; (5) the importance of follicular fluid as a microenvironment that determines oocyte quality; (6) …
Evolution Of The Sheep Industry And Genetic Research In The United States: Opportunities For Convergence In The Twenty-First Century,
2021
Texas A&M AgriLife
Evolution Of The Sheep Industry And Genetic Research In The United States: Opportunities For Convergence In The Twenty-First Century, J. W. Thorne, B. M. Murdoch, B. A. Freking, R. R. Redden, Thomas W. Murphy, J. B. Taylor, Harvey D. Blackburn
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
The continuous development and application of technology for genetic improvement is a key element for advancing sheep production in the United States. The US sheep industry has contracted over time but appears to be at a juncture where a greater utilization of technology can facilitate industry expansion to new markets and address inefficiencies in traditional production practices. Significant transformations include the increased value of lamb in relation to wool, and a downtrend in large-scale operations but a simultaneous rise in small flocks. Additionally, popularity of hair breeds not requiring shearing has surged, particularly in semi-arid and subtropical US environments. A …
Influence Of Estradiol On Bovine Trophectoderm And Uterine Gene Transcripts Around Maternal Recognition Of Pregnancy,
2021
South Dakota State University
Influence Of Estradiol On Bovine Trophectoderm And Uterine Gene Transcripts Around Maternal Recognition Of Pregnancy, Emmalee J. Northrop-Albrecht, Jerica J.J. Rich, Robert A. Cushman, Runan Yao, Xijin Ge, George A. Perry
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
Embryo survival and pregnancy success is increased among animals that exhibit estrus prior to fixed time-artificial insemination, but there are no differences in conceptus survival to d16. The objective of this study was to determine effects of preovulatory estradiol on uterine transcriptomes, select trophectoderm (TE) transcripts, and uterine luminal fluid proteins. Beef cows/heifers were synchronized, artificially inseminated (d0), and grouped into either high (highE2) or low (lowE2) preovulatory estradiol. Uteri were flushed (d16); conceptuses and endometrial biopsies (n = 29) were collected. RNA sequencing was performed on endometrium. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on TE (n = 21) …
Breed And Heterotic Effects For Mature Weight In Beef Cattle,
2021
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Breed And Heterotic Effects For Mature Weight In Beef Cattle, Madeline J. Zimmermann, Larry A. Kuehn, Matthew L. Spangler, R. M. Thallman, Warren M. Snelling, Ronald M. Lewis
Faculty Papers and Publications in Animal Science
Cow mature weight (MWT) is heritable and affects the costs and efficiency of a breeding operation. Cow weight is also influenced by the environment, and the relationship between the size and profitability of a cow varies depending on production system. Producers, therefore, need tools to incorporate MWT in their selection of cattle breeds and herd replacements. The objective of this study was to estimate breed and heterotic effects for MWT using weight-age data on crossbred cows. Cow's MWT at 6 yr was predicted from the estimated parameter values-asymptotic weight and maturation constant (k)-from the fit of the Brody function to …
Genetic Parameter Estimates For Bull Prolificacy And Its Relationship With Scrotal Circumference In A Commercial Beef Cattle Population,
2021
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Genetic Parameter Estimates For Bull Prolificacy And Its Relationship With Scrotal Circumference In A Commercial Beef Cattle Population, Chad A. Russell, E John Pollak, Matthew L. Spangler
Faculty Papers and Publications in Animal Science
The commercial beef cattle industry relies heavily on the use of natural service sires. When artificial insemination is deemed difficult to implement, multisire breeding pastures are used to increase reproductive rates in large breeding herds or to safe-guard against bull injury during the breeding season. Although each bull might be given an equal opportunity to produce offspring, evidence suggest that there is substantial variation in the number of calves sired by each bull in a breeding pasture. With the use of DNA-based paternity testing, correctly assigning calves to their respective sires in multisire pastures is possible and presents an opportunity …
Complete Closed Genome Sequence Of The Extremely Heat- Resistant Strain Escherichia Coli Aw1.7,
2021
USDA ARS Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
Complete Closed Genome Sequence Of The Extremely Heat- Resistant Strain Escherichia Coli Aw1.7, Manita Guragain, James L. Bono, Joseph M. Bosilevac
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
Escherichia coli isolate AW1.7 is an extremely heat-resistant bacterium and has been widely used as a reference strain in extreme heat resistance studies for almost a decade. Here, we report its complete closed genome sequence.
Using Genomics To Measure Phenomics: Repeatability Of Bull Prolificacy In Multiple-Bull Pastures,
2021
USDA ARS Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
Using Genomics To Measure Phenomics: Repeatability Of Bull Prolificacy In Multiple-Bull Pastures, Gary L. Bennett, John W. Keele, Larry A. Kuehn, Warren M. Snelling, Robert A. Cushman, Tara G. Mcdaneld, Aaron M. Dickey, Darrell Light
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
Phenotypes are necessary for genomic evaluations and management. Sometimes genomics can be used to measure phenotypes when other methods are difficult or expensive. Prolificacy of bulls used in multiple-bull pastures for commercial beef production is an example. A retrospective study of 79 bulls aged 2 and older used 141 times in 4–5 pastures across 4 years was used to estimate repeatability from variance components. Traits available before each season’s use were tested for predictive ability. Sires were matched to calves using individual genotypes and evaluating exclusions. A lower-cost method of measuring prolificacy was simulated for five pastures using the bulls’ …
Production Performance Of Cows Raised With Different Postweaning Growth Patterns,
2021
USDA ARS Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
Production Performance Of Cows Raised With Different Postweaning Growth Patterns, Harvey C. Freetly, Robert A. Cushman, Gary L. Bennett
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
The period of heifer development is a relatively small fraction of a cow's life; however, her pattern of growth may have permanent effects on her productivity as a cow. We hypothesized that altering the growth pattern during the peri-pubertal period would increase life-time productivity across genetic types of Bos taurus cows. The objective was to determine the stayability, calf production, and weight of calf weaned across six calf crops. Heifers (n = 685) were placed on one of two developmental programs at 256 ± 1 d of age. Control heifers received a diet that provided 228 kcal ME·(body weight [BW], …
The Usda-Ars Ag100pest Initiative: High-Quality Genome Assemblies For Agricultural Pest Arthropod Research,
2021
USDA ARS Beltsville Agricultural Research Center
The Usda-Ars Ag100pest Initiative: High-Quality Genome Assemblies For Agricultural Pest Arthropod Research, Anna K. Childers, Scott M. Geib, Sheina B. Sim, Monica F. Poelchau, Brad S. Coates, Tyler J. Simmonds, Erin D. Scully, Timothy P.L. Smith, Christopher P. Childers, Renee L. Corpuz, Kevin Hackett, Brian Scheffler
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
The phylum Arthropoda includes species crucial for ecosystem stability, soil health, crop production, and others that present obstacles to crop and animal agriculture. The United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service initiated the Ag100Pest Initiative to generate reference genome assemblies of arthropods that are (or may become) pests to agricultural production and global food security. We describe the project goals, process, status, and future. The first three years of the project were focused on species selection, specimen collection, and the construction of lab and bioinformatics pipelines for the efficient production of assemblies at scale. Contig-level assemblies of 47 species …
Reference Transcriptomes Of Porcine Peripheral Immune Cells Created Through Bulk And Single-Cell Rna Sequencing,
2021
Iowa State University
Reference Transcriptomes Of Porcine Peripheral Immune Cells Created Through Bulk And Single-Cell Rna Sequencing, Juber Herrera-Uribe, Jayne E. Wiarda, Sathesh K. Sivasankaran, Lance Daharsh, Haibo Liu, Kristen A. Byrne, Timothy P. L. Smith, Joan K. Lunney, Crystal L. Loving, Christopher Tuggle
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
Pigs are a valuable human biomedical model and an important protein source supporting global food security. The transcriptomes of peripheral blood immune cells in pigs were defined at the bulk cell-type and single cell levels. First, eight cell types were isolated in bulk from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by cell sorting, representing Myeloid, NK cells and specific populations of T and B-cells. Transcriptomes for each bulk population of cells were generated by RNA-seq with 10,974 expressed genes detected. Pairwise comparisons between cell types revealed specific expression, while enrichment analysis identified 1,885 to 3,591 significantly enriched genes across all 8 …
Transcriptomic Data Of Bovine Ovarian Granulosa Cells Of Control And High A4 Cows,
2021
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Transcriptomic Data Of Bovine Ovarian Granulosa Cells Of Control And High A4 Cows, Alexandria P. Snider, Sarah Romereim, Renee Mcfee Fee, Adam F. Summers, William E. Pohlmeier, Scott G. Kurz, John S. Davis, Jennifer R. Wood, Andrea S. Cupp
Faculty Papers and Publications in Animal Science
Microarray analysis using Affymetrix Bovine GeneChip 1.0 ST Array to determine RNA expression analysis was performed on somatic granulosa cells from two different groups of cows classified based on androstenedione concentration within the follicular fluid (Control vs High A4) of estrogen-active dominant follicles. The normalized linear microarray data was deposited to the NCBI GEO repository (GSE97017 - RNA Expression Data from Bovine Ovarian Granulosa Cells from High or Low Androgen-Content Follicles). Subsequent ANOVA determined genes that were enriched (≥ 1.5 fold more) or decreased (≤ 1.5 fold less) in the High A4 granulosa cells compared to Control granulosa cells and …
Effects Of Farrowing Stall Layout And Number Of Heat Lamps On Sow And Piglet Behavior,
2021
Iowa State University
Effects Of Farrowing Stall Layout And Number Of Heat Lamps On Sow And Piglet Behavior, Suzanne Leonard, Hongwei Xin, Tami M. Brown-Bandl, Brett C. Ramirez, Anna K. Johnson, Somak Dutta, G.A. Rohrer
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
Farrowing stalls are used in the United States swine industry to reduce pre-weaning piglet mortality, enable efficient individual animal management, and decrease facility construction and operating costs. The quantity and quality of space provided for sows and piglets in farrowing stalls are important economic and welfare considerations. To further explore the impacts of farrowing stall space allocation, a large-scale field study was conducted to compare sow and piglet behavior when housed in three farrowing stall layouts (TSL – traditional stall layout, ECSL – expanded creep area stall layout, ESCSL – expanded sow and creep area stall layout) with either one …
Invited Review: Mineral Nutrition Considerations For Extensive Sheep Production Systems,
2021
University of Wyoming
Invited Review: Mineral Nutrition Considerations For Extensive Sheep Production Systems, W. C. Stewart, J. D. Scasta, J. B. Taylor, T. W. Murphy, A. A.M. Julian
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
Purpose: Our purpose is to discuss contemporary and pertinent considerations related to mineral-supplementation strategies for sheep grazing marginal rangelands in extensively managed production systems. Sources: Grey literature, peer-reviewed literature, and data (published and unpublished) from co-authors were used. Synthesis: Precision trace-mineral nutrition of sheep that are grazing extensive production systems requires a comprehensive understanding of the sheep and the grazing environment. Generally, extensive sheep production systems are found in remote geographical regions composed of marginal rangelands not suitable for cultivated crop farming or improved forages. Sheep production is subject to the accessibility and availability of grazable forage, which may vary …
Successful Atac-Seq From Snap-Frozen Equine Tissues,
2021
University of California-Davis
Successful Atac-Seq From Snap-Frozen Equine Tissues, Sichong Peng, Rebecca Bellone, Jessica Lynn Petersen, Theodore S. Kalbfleisch, Carrie J. Finno
Faculty Papers and Publications in Animal Science
An assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) has become an increasingly popular method to assess genome-wide chromatin accessibility in isolated nuclei from fresh tissues. However, many biobanks contain only snap-frozen tissue samples. While ATAC-seq has been applied to frozen brain tissues in human, its applicability in a wide variety of tissues in horse remains unclear. The Functional Annotation of Animal Genome (FAANG) project is an international collaboration aimed to provide high quality functional annotation of animal genomes. The equine FAANG initiative has generated a biobank of over 80 tissues from two reference female animals and experiments to begin …
Some Fundamentals Of Marketing Meat Goats,
2021
Florida A&M University
Some Fundamentals Of Marketing Meat Goats, Angela Mckenzie-Jakes
Professional Agricultural Workers Journal
Over the last couple of decades, the demand for goat meat has risen in the U.S. However, the current supply of domestic goats does not meet the demand. In fact, the increase in demand is the result of the growth in ethnic populations in the U.S. Consequently, small producers are raising goats as a source of income. Thus, they must become familiar with ethnic holidays or festivals, understand marketing, and the importance of body condition scoring and selection criteria in order to increase returns from the sale of their goats. The objectives of this paper were to discuss the U.S. …
Strain And Host-Cell Dependent Role Of Type-1 Fimbriae In The Adherence Phenotype Of Super-Shed Escherichia Coli O157:H7,
2021
Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences
Strain And Host-Cell Dependent Role Of Type-1 Fimbriae In The Adherence Phenotype Of Super-Shed Escherichia Coli O157:H7, Robab Katani, Indira T. Kudva, Sreenidhi Srinivasan, Judith B. Stasko, Megan Schilling, Lingling Li, Rebecca Cote, Chitrita Debroy, Terrance M. Arthur, Evgeni V. Sokurenko, Vivek Kapur
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
Super-shed (SS) Escherichia coli O157 (E. coli O157) demonstrate a strong, aggregative, locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-independent adherence phenotype on bovine recto-anal junction squamous epithelial (RSE) cells, and harbor polymorphisms in non-LEE-adherence-related loci, including in the type 1 fimbriae operon. To elucidate the role of type 1 fimbriae in strain- and host-specific adherence, we evaluated the entire Fim operon (FimB-H) and its adhesion (FimH) deletion mutants in four E. coli O157 strains, SS17, SS52, SS77 and EDL933, and evaluated the adherence phenotype in bovine RSE and human HEp-2 adherence assays. Consistent with the prevailing dogma that fimH expression is genetically …
Variants In The Mitochondrial Genome Sequence Of Rhyzopertha Dominica (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bostrycidae),
2021
USDA ARS Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center
Variants In The Mitochondrial Genome Sequence Of Rhyzopertha Dominica (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bostrycidae), Lindsey C. Perkin, Timothy P.L. Smith, Brenda Oppert
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
The lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica, is a coleopteran pest of stored grains and is mainly controlled by phosphine fumigation, but the increase in phosphine-resistant populations threatens efficacy. Some phosphine-resistant insects have reduced respiration, and thus studying the mitochondrial genome may provide additional information regarding resistance. Genomic DNA from an inbred laboratory strain of R. dominica was extracted and sequenced with both short (Illumina) and long (Pacific Biosciences) read technologies for whole genome sequence assembly and annotation. Short read sequences were assembled and annotated by open software to identify mitochondrial sequences, and the assembled sequence was manually annotated and verified …
Influence Of Encapsulation Of Supplemental Amino Acids On Their Utilization In Broilers,
2021
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Influence Of Encapsulation Of Supplemental Amino Acids On Their Utilization In Broilers, Ethan A. Collins
Poultry Science Undergraduate Honors Theses
This study was developed to assess whether microencapsulation of amino acids (AA) improves their absorption to increase broiler growth performance and reduce nitrogen excretion compared to standard feed-grade AA. Five hundred and sixty Ross 708 male broilers were randomly distributed to 70 battery cages and reared for 21 days. Reported data is grouped into periods: 0-7 days, 0-14 days, and 0-21 days. A total of 5 treatment diets were fed: an industry-based control and 4 diets with decreased levels of methionine, lysine, and threonine in either encapsulated or free forms, with or without a botanical feed additive. Encapsulated AA increased …
Effects Of Retail Case Environment And Led Lighting Temperature On Color Of Ground Beef Patties,
2021
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Effects Of Retail Case Environment And Led Lighting Temperature On Color Of Ground Beef Patties, Mesa Kutz
Animal Science Undergraduate Honors Theses
The objective of this study was to explore different type of retail cases and case environments, primarily lighting, to quantify the impact on shelf life. Coarse ground 80:20 beef from a local retail establishment was acquired between 7 and 10 d from the box date and fine ground through a 9.5 mm grinder plate, and then formed into 150.25 g patties with an automatic patty forming machine. Each patty was then individually packaged in PVC-overwrap packages and randomly assigned to one of the four different treatments: open, multideck cases with 3000 K lighting (OPEN3000),open 3500 K lighting (OPEN3500),enclosed, …
