Logic And Path Of Transformation Reform Between Old And New Research Evaluation Models,
2026
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Logic And Path Of Transformation Reform Between Old And New Research Evaluation Models, Fang Xu, Xiaoxuan Li
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
The national 15th Five-Year Plan once again emphasizes breaking the four-only criteria. Why is it so difficult to dismantle the four-only criteria? This study argues that an in-depth analysis of the underlying logical relationship between the old label-based evaluation model and the new connotation-oriented quality evaluation model is required to address this question. The study finds that the label-based evaluation model is a rational choice under specific historical circumstances and it has delivered positive effects. During the transition toward connotation-oriented quality evaluation, problems concerning indicators such as academic papers have been well resolved. Nevertheless, national science and technology awards and …
Upholding Long-Termism In Basic Research To Shape Leading Advantage Of Automotive Industry,
2026
BYD Company Limited, Shenzhen 518118, China
Upholding Long-Termism In Basic Research To Shape Leading Advantage Of Automotive Industry, Yubo Lian
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that basic research is the origin of the entire scientific system and the master switch for all technological issues, emphasizing that it must be advanced with greater efforts and more concrete measures. Upholding long-termism in basic research means placing it at the foundation of the innovation chain and maintaining continuous investment with strategic patience characterized by a long-term horizon and high tolerance for failure. Drawing on the author’s industrial practice, this study systematically reviews the characteristics and roles of basic research throughout the development of China’s new energy vehicle industry. In light of …
Viewpoints On Elevating Capability And Appreciation Of Basic Research,
2026
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Viewpoints On Elevating Capability And Appreciation Of Basic Research, Guojie Li, Wei Zhao
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
The overall capability and appreciation of a country’s basic research are not solely determined by the efforts of individual researchers, but also hinge on the country’s scientific and technological institutional mechanisms and policies. This article presents several viewpoints and suggestions from the perspectives of comprehensively and deeply understanding the connotation of basic research, increasing the proportion of investment in basic research, enhancing the stable support for basic research, and the paradigm shift of AI-driven basic research. These suggestions include: by 2030, adjusting the ratio of pure basic research to oriented basic research from 3.5∶6.5 to 4.5∶5.5, maintaining a balance between …
Problem Formation In Basic Research: Historical Evolution And Contemporary Transformation,
2026
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Problem Formation In Basic Research: Historical Evolution And Contemporary Transformation, Jialing Lyu, Ying Wang
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
“Topic selection” in basic research has long been a central issue in S&T and innovation policy. Traditionally, it has often been understood as the processes of designating promising projects from an existing topic list through peer review and procedural evaluation. Nevertheless, major scientific problems do not always preexist within disciplinary systems, nor are landmark scientific discoveries artificially pre-planned in advance. Rather, they gradually emerge through the continuous interaction among national strategic demands, technological evolution, industrial transformation, and major real-world challenges. This study argues that important directions in basic research are often shaped by the sustained pull of real-world problems on …
Leading Big Science Initiative And Boosting Basic Research,
2026
Carbon Neutral Innovation Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
Leading Big Science Initiative And Boosting Basic Research, Nianzhi Jiao
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
As a core model for conducting cutting-edge research through global collaboration, major international science initiative (ISI) has comprehensively reshaped the development scope, resource landscape, research paradigms, talent systems, and governance ecosystems of basic research (BR). ISI and BR are deeply integrated and iteratively coordinated, forming a vital strategy for humanity to tackle major global scientific challenges. Against the backdrop of deep intertwining between scientific and technological competition and global governance, China taking the lead in ISI has become a strategic imperative for the new era, with the UN Ocean Decade Program ocean negative carbon emissions (ONCE) serving as a successful …
On Crucial Role Of The Spirit Of Chinese Scientists In Basic Research,
2026
Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, China
On Crucial Role Of The Spirit Of Chinese Scientists In Basic Research, Xin Wang, Chuanxi Wang, Changpu Sun
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Basic research is the source of original innovation and the foundation for building a strong nation in science and technology. Compared with applied development research and engineering research, basic research is primarily concerned with exploring the frontiers, proposing new concepts, discovering new laws, and establishing new theories. Its outcomes are often difficult to predict in advance and are rarely subject to sufficient experimental and practical verification within a short time frame. These characteristics expose basic research to three inherent challenges in the philosophy of science. First, the experimental verification of fundamental theories often requires a long period of time. Second, …
Artificial Intelligence Empowered Biological Research: Paradigm Shifts, Application Scenarios, And Strategic Layout,
2026
Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
Artificial Intelligence Empowered Biological Research: Paradigm Shifts, Application Scenarios, And Strategic Layout, Xinguang Zhu, Yiming Bao, Zhenong Jin, Xin Li, Sijia Wang, Yueming Wang, Yungui Yang, Cao Xu, Yan Xiong, Bin Han
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Life related processes are characterized by high dimensionality and multi-scale properties. Understanding mechanisms underpinning life processes helps promote national healthcare, agricultural development, sustainable ecological civilization, and national security. Current life science research is confronted with an enormous challenge of dimensionality stemming from data explosion and data fragmentation, for which the recent rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) provides novel solutions. AI will catalyze a paradigm shift in life science research from the current experiment based empirical induction to a new closed-loop knowledge acquisition including large scale data collection, model building, model prediction, experimental validation, and iterative of these procedures. Life …
Artificial Intelligence–Driven Paradigm Transformation In Biopharmaceutical R&D: Applications And Emerging Scenarios,
2026
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
Artificial Intelligence–Driven Paradigm Transformation In Biopharmaceutical R&D: Applications And Emerging Scenarios, Lili Liu, Mingyue Zheng, Ye Yuan, Xutong Li, Rong Fan, Wei Wei, Jinxin Zhao, Guobin Qi, Hua Yue, Likun Gong, Songping Zhang, Jiachen Li, Yuchen Sun, Xiaoyan Chen, Yao Chen, Xin Liu, Xiao Zhang, Yuehong Gao, Jianfeng Li, Kaixian Chen, Guanghui Ma, Jianmin Yue
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
The biopharmaceutical industry is a critical domain underpinning national scientific and technological innovation development and public health. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and its deep integration with the life sciences, biomedicine research is undergoing a paradigm shift from traditional experience-driven trial-and-error approaches to data-driven and predictive validation-based models. This study systematically examines the pathways for reshaping research in biomedicine paradigms under the convergence of data-driven, mechanism-driven, and intelligence-driven approaches. It focuses on recent advances in the application of AI across key stages, including drug discovery and design, druggability evaluation, delivery system design and optimization, nonclinical and clinical …
Artificial Intelligence For Science: Connotations, Characteristics, And System,
2026
School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Research Center for National Frontier S&T Integration and Innovation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Artificial Intelligence For Science: Connotations, Characteristics, And System, Kaihua Chen, Heyang Li, Hongxin Liu, Binbin Zhao, Shuo Yang
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Artificial intelligence is profoundly transforming the fundamental nature of scientific research, reshaping its modes of knowledge production and organizational operation, driving the emergence of a new artificial intelligence for science (AI4S) research paradigm, and accelerating full-chain innovation paradigm transformation. This study defines the basic connotations of AI4S across three dimensions, namely, enabling applications, tools and methods, and epistemic knowledge, and systematically identifies five core characteristics: human-machine symbiosis, autonomous evolution, interdisciplinary integration, resource intensity, and open ecosystems. It further constructs a supporting system and operational architecture encompassing layers of infrastructure, data resources, model tools, task execution, and application scenarios. Building on …
Building Basic Research Ecosystem To Consolidate Foundation Of Strong Nation,
2026
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
Building Basic Research Ecosystem To Consolidate Foundation Of Strong Nation, Xin Fang, Ke Wen
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Basic research is the source of the entire scientific system and the master switch for all technological problems. This study systematically reviews the evolution of the connotation and functions of basic research, and explores the new characteristics of basic research development triggered by the paradigm shift of AI for Science (AI4S): the shift of activity subjects from human‑dominated to human‑machine collaboration, the comprehensive restructuring of organizational models, the increasingly prominent strategic value of public intelligent research infrastructure, and the growing urgency to coordinate security and governance institution building. Addressing the demands of the new era, the study proposes principles and …
Advancing Paradigm Of Quantitative Synthetic Biology And Strengthening Mission-Oriented Basic Research,
2026
State Key Laboratory for Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518005, China
Advancing Paradigm Of Quantitative Synthetic Biology And Strengthening Mission-Oriented Basic Research, Chenli Liu
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Synthetic biology is an important frontier in the life sciences, yet its further development remains constrained by limited capacity for rational design. Quantitative synthetic biology, which iteratively integrates quantitative modeling with the construction and analysis of synthetic systems, offers a promising paradigm for addressing this challenge. In this perspective, the study discusses the background and motivations underlying the emergence of this field and summarizes recent developments and exploratory efforts. Considering the unique characteristics of quantitative synthetic biology, it is suggested that progress in the field may benefit from strategically organized collaborative research that balances mission-oriented goals with investigator-driven exploration. On …
Deep Learning Processor: Road To Fundamental Research On Ai Chip,
2026
State Key Laboratory of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Deep Learning Processor: Road To Fundamental Research On Ai Chip, Yunji Chen
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Deep learning processor chips serve as an important computation foundation for the artificial intelligence industry, thus has attracted widespread attention from the international communities. The Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences took the lead in initiating fundamental research on deep learning processor chips in 2008. At that time, this research direction had not yet entered the mainstream vision of the international communities, with its academic value and development laws yet to gain widespread recognition, and it was confronted with the challenges of three fundamental scientific issues concerning its significance, principle, and architecture.To address the above issues, the research …
Shaping Egypt’S Transition To Sustainable Electric Transport: Current Policies And Future Directions,
2026
American University in Cairo
Shaping Egypt’S Transition To Sustainable Electric Transport: Current Policies And Future Directions, Noha A. Ragab
Theses and Dissertations
Egypt has enacted policies to promote the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in order to reduce their overall carbon footprint. However, the pace of transition remains limited, so the research aims to answer the following question: “How do current policies shape Egypt’s transition towards sustainable electric transport, and what additional measures can support this transition?" The study employs a qualitative analysis methodology, based on diffusion of innovation theory and conceptual framework, to analyze current policies in Egypt and identify challenges and gaps in their implementation. It also analyzes responses from 23 interviews with experts in the field, manufacturers, dealers, EV …
The Security Of Llm-Generated Code,
2026
CUNY John Jay College
The Security Of Llm-Generated Code, Christopher Brian Gonzalez Ayala
Student Theses
The rapid adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software development has transformed coding practices by enabling automated code generation, completion, and optimization. Despite these advantages, concerns persist regarding the security and reliability of LLM-generated code. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of both the functional correctness and security of code produced by three prominent LLMs as of early 2026. A total of 4,800 code snippets were generated using 100 security-focused programming prompts derived from the OWASP Top 10:2025, translated across eight natural languages and two phrasing styles (literal and natural developer-oriented prompts). To assess performance, a multi-stage experimental framework …
The Degradation Of Prices: Platform Power, The Erosion Of Price Comparison, And Rebuilding Comparison Shopping In The Digital Economy,
2026
Columbia Law School, Center for Law and the Economy
The Degradation Of Prices: Platform Power, The Erosion Of Price Comparison, And Rebuilding Comparison Shopping In The Digital Economy, Stephanie T. Nguyen, Shaoul Sussman
Center for Law and the Economy
The ability to know the price of a product or service and then compare prices of similar products or services is a foundational cornerstone of consumer choice and competitive markets. Once, buyers could more easily compare identical products across multiple sellers. However, this process has systematically degraded over time and has become increasingly difficult to do in practice. When prices are a reliable signal of product and market value, consumers can make informed purchasing decisions and sellers can compete for business by offering more attractive prices to consumers. This is a core market force that keeps price levels in check …
Generation Z And The Ai Misinformation Paradox: Understanding A New Digital Vulnerability,
2026
University of Denver
Generation Z And The Ai Misinformation Paradox: Understanding A New Digital Vulnerability, Cecilia Cooley, Elizabeth Sperber
DU Undergraduate Research Journal Archive
This paper asks: How and why is Generation Z more vulnerable to AI-generated misinformation and disinformation than older generations? Using a comparative review of recent empirical studies, survey data, and meta-analyses from 2019–2025, this paper synthesizes research on Gen Z’s exposure to and interaction with AI-produced content across social media platforms. Although it is commonly assumed that Gen Z ’s technological exposure and fluency make them better equipped to recognize false information, findings show the opposite: Gen Z is consistently outperformed by older cohorts in detecting AI-generated falsehoods. This vulnerability stems from three intersecting factors: (1) the sheer volume of …
Justice On Autopilot: Comparing Predictive Litigation And Data Justice In Bay Area Municipal Governments,
2026
University of San Francisco
Justice On Autopilot: Comparing Predictive Litigation And Data Justice In Bay Area Municipal Governments, Darris M. Thomas
Master's Projects and Capstones
This Capstone project examines how Bay Area municipal governments, specifically the City and County of San Francisco, Alameda County, San Mateo County, and Santa Clara County, are adopting and governing predictive litigation technologies, and what these practices reveal about the possibilities and limitations of data justice in advancing racial equity, transparency, and public accountability. Drawing on a qualitative, comparative case study methodology analyzing procurement contracts, AI governance policies, California Public Records Act (CPRA) disclosures, and semi-structured interviews gathered across fifteen municipal legal institutions, the research applies an interdisciplinary theoretical framework synthesizing John Rawls’s distributive fairness, Nancy Fraser’s recognition justice, Tom …
China’S S&T Think Tank Transformation For Building A World-Class Science And Technology Power: Trends And Prospects,
2026
Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development, Beijing 100038, China
China’S S&T Think Tank Transformation For Building A World-Class Science And Technology Power: Trends And Prospects, Dongmei Liu, Ning Huang, Yangxu Lu, Zhe Li
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
To address the strategic demands of establishing China as a world-class science and technology power, the transformation of its S&T think tanks has become an urgent priority. The unique knowledge products generated by these think tanks in supporting decision-making for national S&T advancement constitute a vital component of China’s independent knowledge system. Consequently, the transformation of S&T think tanks and the development of this domain’s independent knowledge system form a mutually reinforcing and coupling process. This study analyzes the imperatives and positioning of think tank transformation and independent knowledge system development through the renewal of intellectual foundations, the articulation of …
Construction Of New-Type Think Tanks With Chinese Characteristics Calls For Innovation In Think Tank Theories And Methodologies—Review, Summary, And Prospect Based On 10th Anniversary Of National High-End Think Tank Pilot Program At Institutes Of Science And Development, Chinese Academy Of Sciences,
2026
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Construction Of New-Type Think Tanks With Chinese Characteristics Calls For Innovation In Think Tank Theories And Methodologies—Review, Summary, And Prospect Based On 10th Anniversary Of National High-End Think Tank Pilot Program At Institutes Of Science And Development, Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Jiaofeng Pan, Yijun Liu, Wuyun Qiqige, Mingxi Liu
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Since China launched the pilot program for the construction of high-end think tanks in 2015, the Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as CASISD), as the core carrier of the CAS National High-End Think Tank Pilot Program, has forged an exploratory path from specialization and scientization to disciplinization.Over the past decade, committing to the fundamental purpose of serving the scientific decision-making of the Party and the country and taking theoretical and methodological innovation as its core engine, CASISD has originally proposed the DIIS Process IntegrationMethod and the Think Tank Double Helix Methodology, taken the …
From National Science Think Tank To National Science And Technology Think Tank: Evolution And Future Prospects Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences As Think Tank,
2026
Bureau of Academic Divisions, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
From National Science Think Tank To National Science And Technology Think Tank: Evolution And Future Prospects Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences As Think Tank, Xia Feng, Chunliang Fan
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Since its establishment, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has continuously fulfilled the functions of a national science think tank. In the new stage of development, it has been entrusted with the higher mission of serving as a “national science and technology think tank”. On the basis of clarifying related concepts such as science think tanks and science and technology think tanks, this study reviews the historical development of the Chinese Academy of Sciences as a science think tank, analyzes the needs and challenges for its role as a national science and technology think tank in the new era, and puts …
