Policy Design, Analysis, and Evaluation Commons^™

Evolution Characteristics And Enlightenment Of American Science And Technology Policy In 21st Century, Lingjing Cao, Zhiqiang Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the 21st century, a new round of world scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation has accelerated. Especially after the international financial crisis, countries have strengthened their scientific and technological strategic layout and R&D investment. The international scientific and technological competition has become increasingly fierce, and science and technology policy has become a key factor determining the success or failure of technological competition. This study analyzes the historical evolution of policy documents such as science and technology planning, strategic guidelines and research reports issued by the U.S. government and the long-term R&D input data of the federal government in …

Collaborative Innovation Organizational Modes Of Major Scientific Research Institutes In Germany, Chunlei Ge, Ruimin Pei, Qiuju Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Strengthening the collaborative innovation of various innovation actors is an effective way to implement the national strategy of achieving a high level of scientific and technological self-reliance. China needs to learn from the mature countries when in the important period of promoting and developing the collaborative innovation among actors. Based on reviewing the concepts and organizational modes of collaborative innovation in the literature, this work carries out a case study of Germany’s four major public research institutes and finds five collaborative innovation organizational modes: project-type, integrated-type, alliance-type, platformtype and network-type. Then, the study analyzes and summarizes the characteristics, the advantages, …

Panorama Of Human Embryo-Derived Cells In Biomedicine And Progress In Their Research And Regulation, Jianchao Gao, Yaojin Peng, Wei Wei, Shuang Lu, Chenyan Gao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Since the establishment of the first human diploid cell line derived from aborted fetal tissue in the 1960s, human embryoderived cells have been widely used in biomedical field and significantly contributes to improving human health. In recent years, human pluripotent stem cells, including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), have shown great therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine, and thus received great attention from governments and the public. However, due to various factors such as history, culture, religious beliefs, ethics and morality, research and application involving human embryo-derived cells have been controversial worldwide. This study explores the history and progress of human …

Exploring The Potential Of E-Government In Reducing Corruption – Case Of Egypt, Mahinour Abou Elseoud

Theses and Dissertations

Many countries have recognized the significance of electronic work transition to application, frequently known as e-government, with the purpose of improving their bureaucratic performance and reducing corruption. From an economic standpoint, transparency may boost government efficiency as it increases the government capacity and, eventually, fosters good governance by reducing corruption and inefficiency. As a result, this study aims to analyze the correlation between e-government and corruption, as well as whether e-government reduced the detrimental effects of corruption on public trust. To accomplish this objective, the thesis focuses on in-depth interviews with citizens of all ages, socioeconomic and educational backgrounds, as …

The Use And Impact Of Strategic Planning In Nebraska Public Schools, Jodi A. Frager

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

In the landscape of modern education, the role of a superintendent has become increasingly complex, marked by demands for higher student achievement and round-the-clock communication. This complexity, underscored by technological advancements and evolving accountability measures, underscores the criticality of strategic planning for school districts. This dissertation aims to explore the relationship between superintendent engagement with strategic planning and student outcomes, particularly focusing on high school graduation rates and ACT scores in Nebraska public schools. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as Systems Theory, the study employs a quantitative approach, utilizing surveys administered to superintendents alongside publicly available archival data on graduation …

Containerization Of Seafarers In The International Shipping Industry: Contemporary Seamanship, Maritime Social Infrastructures, And Mobility Politics Of Global Logistics, Liang Wu

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation discusses the mobility politics of container shipping and argues that technological development, political-economic order, and social infrastructure co-produce one another. Containerization, the use of standardized containers to carry cargo across modes of transportation that is said to have revolutionized and globalized international trade since the late 1950s, has served to expand and extend the power of international coalitions of states and corporations to control the movements of commodities (shipments) and labor (seafarers). The advent and development of containerization was driven by a sociotechnical imaginary and international social contract of seamless shipping and cargo flows. In practice, this liberal, …

Challenges Of Local Public Administration In Conflict -Affected Countries: Case Of Hadhramaut Governorate In Yemen, Istanbool Ba Abbad

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores the challenges local public administration faced in Hadhramaut, Yemen, and explores avenues for reform. The study's main question is: "What are the main challenges confronting local public administration in Hadhramaut, and what pathways can be pursued for reform?" Hadhramaut, known for its relative stability within Yemen's political unrest, was selected as the case study. Despite its stability, the governorate struggles with challenges arising from the conflict. The research aimed to uncover these challenges and suggest guidelines for recovery, envisioning the governorate as a model for the country. The research aimed to investigate the challenges confronted by public …

The Role Of Mayors In Achieving Brunei Darussalam’S Wawasan 2035, Lessons From China, Brice Tseen Fu Lee, Ayidana Asihaer, Juan Pablo Sims

Journal of Strategic and Global Studies

Brunei Darussalam's national vision, WAWASAN 2035, sets forth ambitious goals for the nation's development, emphasizing a centralized governance paradigm. However, the potential of decentralized governance, as exemplified by China's mayor-led districts, offers a compelling model for achieving national aspirations. This research explores the feasibility and potential benefits of introducing mayors in Brunei's districts, drawing insights from China's successful decentralized governance structure. By fostering inter-district competition and allowing for localized policy tailoring, Brunei can enhance its adaptability and responsiveness to local nuances. Drawing from China's experiences, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of how Brunei might optimize its governance structure to …

Research On Science And Technology Innovation Strategy And Policy System: “3+5” Analytical Framework, Jiaofeng Pan, Zihao He, Xiao Lu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As an important means of promoting national scientific and technological development, S&T innovation strategy and policy are advancing towards a multidimensional “synergy” among S&T, the economy, society, and the environment, and they need to encompass many internal and external elements of S&T system. Accordingly, an overall S&T policy framework covering key elements and relevant interactions should be constructed. This study proposes “3+5” analytical framework for S&T innovation strategy and policy. Specifically, (1) this study defines the conceptual connotation of “3+5” framework, and puts forward the “design layer” including guiding strategy, planning layout, and institutional arrangement, and the “construction layer” including …

Experience And Thinking Of Promoting Open Source Of Achievement Of State-Funded Scientific Research Projects, Yuntao Long, Zhe Wang, Zheping Xu, Tao Wang, Yungang Bao, Yanjun Wu, Qigang Zhu, Rong Gu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the era of digital economy, open source innovation has become the stimulator of innovation vitality, and is becoming an important source of high-quality supply of digital public goods. This study focuses on the importance of promoting the open source of state-funded scientific research projects, and summarizes the practical experience and policy measures of major countries and regions in the world on the open source of state-funded scientific research projects. It is also emphasized that the challenges of promoting the open source of state-funded scientific research projects in China. Suggestions for promoting the establishment of an open source mechanism of …

Review On Reform Of International Research Evaluation In Past Decade, Fang Xu, Xiaoxuan Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In May 2013, with the release of the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) as a symbol, the reform of international research evaluation began. Over the past decade, the reform of international research evaluation has undergone extensive theoretical preparation and initiatives, and is now moving towards practice. More than 350 institutions from over 40 countries have signed agreements to reform research evaluation and carried out pilot reforms, with initial results. This study systematically summarizes and analyzes the ten-year reform of international research evaluation in three aspects: reform goals, measures, and cases. From the perspective of comparing with China’s research …

Analysis On Development Status And Characteristics Of Non-Governmental Bio-Safety And Bio-Security Think Tanks In The United States, Wenbing Ma, Qiang Song, Lei Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

At present, the complexity of bio-safety governance is becoming increasingly prominent, and complex issues such as security and development in the bio-economy, preparedness and response to infectious disease pandemics, the interweaving and integration of bio-security and other security factors, and the integration of scientific and technological factors and security factors urgently require think tanks to conduct systematic, comprehensive and forward-looking assessments and provide professional solutions. Rooted in the relatively mature experience in the construction of think tanks in the United States, a number of bio-safety and bio-security think tanks with greater influence have been developed, which have acted as an …

Measurement, Evolution And International Comparison Of National Science And Technology Competitiveness, Kaihua Chen, Xin Wen, Chao Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The measurement of national science and technology competitiveness helps to describe the international competition pattern, and to provide decision-making reference for future-oriented science and technology policy and strategy formulation. From the perspective of input-process-output, the study proposes a three-dimensional measurement framework of potential-efficiency-strength for national science and technology competitiveness and realizes a multi-dimensional comprehensive measurement of national science and technology competitiveness, which takes the differences in both scale and efficiency into account. Based on The Report on National Science and Technology Competitiveness 2023, the study measures the national science and technology competitiveness of 34 major countries in the world and …

Analysis And Enlightenment Of International Policy Trends In Basic Research, Minzhuo Huang, Jinglei Wu, Zhen Ren, Qingfeng Meng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As the intensity of international competition in science and technology continues to escalate, basic research has taken center stage in the strategic planning of countries worldwide. To address the challenges of the new era, major countries have evaluated the essence of basic research, as well as its positioning within national innovation systems, and are continuously explored innovative funding models. Based on monitoring and analysis of the latest policy developments in foreign basic research in 2022, and on the basis of analysis and data mining, this study comprehensively evaluates the policy trends and future directions of basic research in major countries. …

Homeownership And Mortgage Loans: How Important Is A Conventional Loan?, Zachary Owen, Cory Curl

Posters-at-the-Capitol

Communities across the United States face a housing crisis that stems in part from a scarcity of conventional home mortgage loans. In 2020, the Urban Institute reported that when applying for a mortgage, Black applicants were denied 27.1% of the time, yet White applicants were denied only 13.6% of the time. These denial rates are highly correlated with homeownership rates. Today, despite policy efforts, the difference in White and Black homeownership rates is higher than in the 1960s when the government enforced discriminatory housing policy.

Because lenders often cite credit score concerns and high debt-to-income ratios as rationales to deny …

Unpacking Challenges And Reinforcing Evaluations In Bilateral And Multilateral Development Organizations In Egypt, Fatema Elghonemy

Theses and Dissertations

The research examines evaluations conducted in bilateral and multilateral development organizations considering programs that are funded by governments or international organizations. The Egyptian Government partners with development partners to receive technical assistance in various fields, such as industrial development, technical education, environmental protection, health improvement and refugees’ empowerment. The thesis explores the interlinkage between the development goals and the results framework to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). It then goes on to examine the evolution of the function of evaluation and its historical development into becoming a standalone field that serves the decision making, extension and expansion of interventions. As …

Social Media As Fragile State, Caroline A. Haythornthwaite, Philip Mai, Anatoliy Gruzd

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

Social media platforms are grappling with how to respond to hate speech, misinformation, and political manipulation in ways that address human rights, free speech, and equality. As independent ‘states’, they are enacting their own rules of conduct, deriving their own ‘laws’, convening their own extrajudicial self regulatory institutions, and making their own interpretations and enactments of human rights. With the rise of social states such as Facebook, TikTok, X (formerly Twitter) and Reddit, how fragile are they in their ability to achieve outcomes of fair, equitable and consistent application of their own laws? Could an assessment of the fragility of …

Maine Provider Attitudes Towards Contingency Management For Substance Use Disorders, Evelyn Ali, Mary Lindsey Smith Phd

Substance Use Research & Evaluation

This report summarizes healthcare provider attitudes toward Contingency Management (CM), including barriers and facilitators to its implementation. A 17-question electronic survey, including the Contingency Management Beliefs Questionnaire (CMBQ), was distributed to providers across Maine. Of 131 eligible respondents, 80% reported treating SUD, yet only 27% had experience with CM. While training and organizational support were cited as barriers, overall attitudes toward CM were favorable. Providers expressed strong willingness to implement CM, citing its potential to engage clients and support treatment adherence. The report concludes that positive perceptions of CM outweigh concerns and suggests that training and organizational support could enhance …

Treatment And Recovery Beliefs Of Rural Vermont Family Members Of People With Opioid Use Disorder, Kate Peasley-Miklus Phd, Julia Shaw Mph, Katie Rosingana Ba, Mary Lindsey Smith Phd, S. Sigmon, Sarah H Heil Phd, J. Jewiss, Andrea C Villanti, Valerie S Harder

Substance Use Research & Evaluation

Purpose: Few studies have addressed beliefs about treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) among family members of people with OUD, particularly in rural communities. This study examined the beliefs of rural family members of people with OUD regarding treatment, including medication for OUD (MOUD), and recovery. Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with rural Vermont family members of people with OUD. Twenty family members completed interviews, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Four primary themes related to beliefs about OUD treatment emerged: (1) MOUD is another form of addiction or dependency and should be used short-term; (2) essential …

Healthy Acadia Downeast Community Opioid Response Program: Year 3 Summary, Tyler Egeland Ba, Gordon Mcintire Ba, Evelyn Ali, Mary Lindsey Smith Phd, Katie Rosingana Ba

Substance Use Research & Evaluation

The Downeast Substance Treatment Network is a group of diverse organizations working to improve integration and access to treatments and services for people with substance use disorder. The consortium’s Rural Communities Opioid Response Program grant project aims to: (1) expand the reach of their treatment network, (2) increase awareness and practice of harm reduction, and (3) facilitate transitions of care to improve partner efficacy. This project included a mixed-methods evaluation led by Catherine E. Cutler Institute’s Substance Use Research and Evaluation Team (SURE). This final year 3 summary presentation includes feedback from program partners, key informants, and program clients, in …