Policy Design, Analysis, and Evaluation Commons^™

France: Bank Of France Capital Injection, 1805, Ayodeji George

Journal of Financial Crises

After receiving the exclusive right to issue bank notes in Paris in 1803, the Bank of France became a significant source of funding for the French government in early 1805, as Napoleon prepared for a key battle of the Napoleonic Wars. In the first half of 1805, the French treasury paid back loans with notes with later maturities rather than metallic money, draining the metallic liquidity reserves of the Bank of France far below levels that bankers at the time considered prudent. After the circulation of an unfounded rumor that Napoleon himself had raided the metallic reserves for the war …

Belgium: Fortis Group Capital Injection, 2008, Ayodeji George

Journal of Financial Crises

In September 2008, in the wake of the freezing of credit markets caused by the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), Fortis Group, a financial conglomerate incorporated in Belgium and the Netherlands, faced depositor runs and share price deterioration. These negative consequences were a result of its exposures to US subprime mortgage-related assets and other losses from its 2007 acquisition of ABN AMRO, a large Dutch bank. Over the weekend of September 27–29, authorities from Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and the European Central Bank (ECB) held emergency talks, resulting in the announcement of EUR 11.2 billion (USD 14.3 billion) in capital injections …

Belgium And France: Dexia Group Capital Injection, 2008, Ayodeji George

Journal of Financial Crises

Dexia Group (Dexia, or the Group) was a banking and insurance conglomerate that specialized in public financing with major operations in Belgium, France, and Luxembourg. Following the collapse of Lehman Brothers in mid-September 2008, Dexia faced a liquidity crunch as wholesale funding markets froze. Faced with insolvency concerns, authorities from the bank’s three primary markets, Belgium, France, and Luxembourg, conducted overnight negotiations to agree on capital injection terms. On September 30, 2008, authorities and the bank’s board of directors announced a EUR 6.4 billion (eventually EUR 6 billion) capital injection intended to restore Dexia’s solvency and maintain systemwide stability. The …

Austria And Germany: Hypo Alpe Adria Capital Injections, 2008, Bailey Decker

Journal of Financial Crises

Hypo Alpe Adria (HAA) was Austria’s sixth-largest bank at the time of the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2009 (GFC), with EUR 41.2 billion (USD 29.2 billion) in total assets as of June 30, 2008. HAA pursued a growth strategy in Southeastern Europe in the years preceding the GFC, which proved troublesome for HAA’s loan portfolio and led to large write-downs in autumn 2008. HAA’s majority shareholder was a German landesbank, Bayerische Landesbank (BayernLB). On October 26, 2008, the Austrian Parliament passed a EUR 100 billion support scheme in response to the GFC, with EUR 15 billion allocated for troubled banks. …

Survey Of Ad Hoc Capital Injections, June Rhee, Benjamin Hoffner, Greg Feldberg, Andrew Metrick

Journal of Financial Crises

Government recapitalizations of systemic banking organizations can be costly and unpopular but are sometimes necessary to protect depositors and prevent financial contagion. This paper surveys 23 Yale Program on Financial Stability case studies of ad hoc capital injection programs, defined as programs that provide capital to a single institution or a clearly defined minority of institutions. We saw a marked increase in capital injection programs in the past 50 years, more than half of which were ad hoc. Authorities designing ad hoc capital injections face difficult decisions—when to deploy them rather than let a bank fail; whether to impose losses …

Telework And Food Insecurity In The United States, Andrea Leschewski, Bhaskar Kaushik, Triwit Ariyathugun, Bridget Bafowaa

Mountain Plains Business Conference

Nearly 20% of Americans telework or work from home. Telework has the potential to impact household food insecurity by reducing household time constraints and increasing household disposable income and time flexibility. Using data from the Household Pulse Survey, this study analyzes the association between telework and food insecurity in the United States. Two-stage least squares results indicate the association between telework and food insecurity varies with income. Telework is associated with reduced food insecurity among households with income between 100% and 200% of the Federal Poverty Line (FPL) and increased food insecurity among households with income below 100% FPL.

Contextualized Transitional Justice Policy Development In Uganda: Differentiating Between Normativity Types In Evidence-Based Problem Analysis, Saghar Shahidi Birjandian

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

This article discusses the fundamental impact of normativity on producing evidence-based guidance for context-sensitive transitional justice policy. It draws on lessons learned from Uganda’s complex transitional justice context and extensive fieldwork to demonstrate the necessity and the means to differentiate between belief-based normativity and evidence-based normativity in conducting problem analysis as a crucial site that determines the integrity of evidence-based guidance. It also establishes that evidence-based normativity guiding problem analysis must include empirical evidence of societal dynamics and views of affected communities or there is a significantly higher risk of belief-based normativity decontextualizing strategy development. Findings establish significant substantive differences …

Zero Textbook Cost Syllabus For Paf 9140 (Budget And Financial Analysis), Rahul Pathak

Open Educational Resources

Managing available resources effectively and undertaking appropriate financial analysis is central to strategic decision-making. This course provides an overview of public finance, budgeting, and fiscal decision-making in the public sector and nonprofit sector. The course covers key topics in public finance and budgeting, and aims to provide students an opportunity to learn some essential skills for financial analysis, which are central to becoming good managers. Expertise over the course material should be advantageous to anyone who is aiming for positions such as a budget analyst in a government, bond rating/credit analyst in the private firm, and various other consulting roles …

Strategic Path For Innovative Development Of Smart Roads In Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Zhonghua Ye, Yaqi Liu, Jian Chan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Nowadays, intelligent connected vehicles have entered an important period of strategic opportunities with rapid technological evolution, accelerating industrial layout and scale application. Their innovative development urgently requires the support of new smart road infrastructure. As a new type of infrastructure, the construction of smart roads is essential for promoting the development of the intelligent connected vehicle industry and building a country with strong transportation network. For the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Greater Bay Area), smart roads are necessary prerequisite for accelerating the development of related industries, improving urban governance efficiency, optimizing user safety and driving experience and promoting regional …

Development Pattern Of Global Science And Technology Innovation Centers, Debin Du, Dezhong Duan, Qiang Zhang, Yingjie Yu, Weidong Guo, Ziwei Jiang, Xiya Li, Han Su, Qixiang Li, Yuling Chen, Zhihao Shi, Haiqiao Li, Siqi Yu, Junfeng Ding, Kaixin Wang, Yihan Hui

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Drawing on the essence of global science and technology innovation (STI) centers, this study evaluates the level of science and technology innovation of 140 cities worldwide by constructing a five forces assessment model of global STI centers, which includes 33 indicators in 5 dimensions. The analysis reveals a significant tripartite pattern of development in global STI centers across Europe, North America, and the Asia-Pacific region. However, divergent patterns emerge in the development of these centers across different regions. Notably, global STI centers in various regions follow distinct development trajectories. At the national level, the United States and China lead the …

Spatial Pattern Of Development Of Science And Technology Innovation Centers In China, Debin Du, Dezhong Duan, Yingjie Yu, Qiang Zhang, Weidong Guo, Ziwei Jiang, Qixiang Li, Yuling Chen, Zhihao Shi, Haiqiao Li, Siqi Yu, Junfeng Ding, Xiya Li, Han Su, Kaixin Wang, Yihan Hui

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The science and technology innovation (STI) center is not only the core source of national continuous forging of new quality productivity and generating new momentum for development, but also the front-runner and an important strategic pivot for China to accelerate the construction of a global scientific and technological powerhouse. Evaluating the development and landscape of STI centers across 295 prefecture-level and above cities in China, this study employs a comprehensive framework encompassing five dimensions: the agglomeration of innovation elements, leadership in scientific research, original capacity of technological innovation, driver of industrial transformation, and construction of innovation ecology. This study finds …

Expanding Healthcare Access For The Undocumented Immigrant Community: The Heal For Immigrant Families Act Of 2023, Perla Torres Estrada

The Gettysburg Journal for Public Policy

When it comes to the topic of universal healthcare, most of us will readily agree that healthcare is a human right. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of who should be granted this right, and if it should be left to the free market to determine access and affordability. Specifically, the political debate on expanding healthcare access to undocumented immigrants in the United States revolve around concerns over costs, legality, and equity. Proponents maintain that it is a human right whereas opponents question the potential burden on taxpayers and the implication for immigration policy. The HEAL …

An Extremely Important Document: Khea's Struggle For A Contract, 1974-1978, John L.S. Daley Dr

KNEA 50th Anniversary

In 1973, the Kansas State College, Pittsburg administration fired thirteen faculty members without cause. In order to improve administration-faculty relations, remaining faculty organized, petitioned for recognition, and drafted PSU/KNEA's first contract with PSU/KBOR, which went into effect five years later. The narrative covering this period draws on Axe Library's KNEA Collection and interviews of former faculty.

Institutional Fit And Policy Design In Water Governance: Nebraska's Natural Resources Districts, Tomás Olivier, Sechindra Vallury

Center for Policy Design and Governance

This brief summarizes "Institutional fit and policy design in water governance: Nebraska's Natural Resources Districts," co-authored by Tomás Olivier and Sechindra Vallury in the Policy Studies Journal.

Research And Practice Of Digital Institute And Its System Framework, Jianjun Yu, Yue Wang, Kongmin Wang, Zhuomin Shi

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the era of the digital economy, digital scientific research and digital government are both crucial components, serving as application scenarios enabled by new information technologies. Currently, the new generation of information technologies, especially artificial intelligence and big data, is instrumental in modernizing governance at scientific research institutions within Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). They notably drive paradigm shifts in scientific activities and accelerate the digital transformation of these institutions. The digital system formed by the digital transformation of management processes in scientific activities at research institutes is defined as the digital institute. This study analyzes the impact of digital …

Authority Vs. Incentives: Comparison Of Central And Local Government Policies To Promote Openness Of Scientific Facilities And Instruments, Dingyi You, Shuai Xiao, Chen Zhang, Hao Wen, Dacheng Song, Runtong Guo, Ke Wen, Qiang Wei, Zhi Yu, Tianming Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The openness of scientific facilities and instruments is a part of open science, which can help improve the efficiency of resource utilization and promote more research outputs. Policies is a key driving force for the openness, but studies to analyze such policies are still lackluster. This study conducted a text analysis of 23 central government policies and 65 local government policies in the time-tool framework, and found two types of authority tools: mandatory openness and duplicate review, as well as various incentive tools to give positive and negative payment. It reveals that provincial governments follow and tighten the screws of …

Profiling Academicians Characteristics Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences: Analysis Of Newly Elected Academicians From 2005 To 2023, Qing Liu, Xuange Ma, Xiaosong He

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The title of Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) represents the highest accolade in China’s scientific research field. Profiling the characteristics of CAS academicians can provide crucial insights into the current state of scientific research in China and play a vital role in fostering innovation and cultivating talents for the society. This study conducted a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the birthplaces, ages, genders, educational backgrounds, institutional affiliations, and administrative roles of newly elected CAS academicians from 2005 to 2023. Several key findings are identified, including: (1) the majority of newly elected CAS academicians originate from eastern and central …

Basic Characteristics, Important Problems And Value Orientation Of China' Science And Technology Think Tanks, Xiaogang Ren, Yichao Gao, Fang Gao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Implementing the innovation-driven development strategy is not only an important measure to modernize the national governance system and governance capacity, but also a vital component of the Chinese path to modernization. The significance of highquality development of technology-focused think tanks, characterized by their knowledge and technology intensity, is increasingly evident. China’s science and technology think tanks have always adhered to the value concept of the Party’s leadership and the principle of putting the people first. They have developed a diversified and comprehensive integration model for think tanks. They offer a range of interdisciplinary products and boast specialized, composite scientific and …

2023 Technology Focus: Reflecting The Situation And Technological High Grounds Of Latest Round Of Sci-Tech Revolution And Industrial Transformation, Guopeng Li, Lin Han, Jiaofeng Pan, Fuhai Leng, Feng Zhang, Fan Yang, Ying Xing, Haiming Wang, Weiwei Fan, Haixia Wang, Wenyue Bian, Ting Chen, Jianxia Yuan, Chaoxing Zhang, Longguang Huang, Xiaomei Wang, Song Yang, Ronggang Wang, Zanmei Li, Jie Chen, Bo Zhou, Zhen Sun, Rujiang Bai, Liying Zhou, Kunpeng Peng, Yang Gao, Guangfeng Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In April 2024, the Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASISD) released the 2023 Technology Focus report. The report uses big data and deep learning techniques to explore the hidden deep relationships among patent technologies. Based on 21 812 technology focuses formed by clustering nearly 680 000 dual jurisdictional patents, the Top 100 technology focuses are selected, named, and outlined in 32 technical fields distributed in the four major categories of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) patent classification system, and a key analysis and interpretation of 32 of them are also provided. This study is based …

Driving Green Investments To Address Climate Change, Baptiste Gibrat

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

The climate crisis is no longer news, and society needs to accelerate the transition to net zero emissions. Otherwise, the consequences of climate change will become increasingly catastrophic.

This thesis develops a framework to drive green investments, which reduce society’s dependance on fossil fuels. Initially, the research provides a comprehensive examination of these investments, followed by an exploration of three strategies to enhance their adoption: leveraging financial instruments and capital markets, implementing regulatory frameworks, and harnessing the power of technologies. To integrate these elements within a comprehensive framework, the study employs market research, reviews relevant literature, and includes interviews with …