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สารัตถะและความสำคัญของศาสตร์แห่งอัญมณีอินเดียโบราณ, อรุณวรรณ คงมีผล

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

วิทยานิพนธ์เรื่องนี้มุ่งศึกษาสารัตถะและความสำคัญของศาสตร์แห่งอัญมณีอินเดียโบราณจากงานนิพนธ์ว่าด้วยศาสตร์แห่งอัญมณีที่บรรจุแทรกในวรรณคดีสันสกฤตประเภทศาสตร์ 5 เรื่อง ได้แก่ อรรถศาสตร์ของเกาฏิลยะ, พฤหัตสํหิตาของวราหมิหิระ, ยุกติกัลปตรุของโภชะ, มานโสลลาสะของโสเมศวระ และศุกรนีติสาระของศุกราจารย์ วิธีดำเนินการวิจัยแบ่งออกเป็นสองส่วน ส่วนแรกคือ การศึกษาสารัตถะ โดยมีการเปรียบเทียบระหว่างข้อมูลปฐมภูมิ 5 เรื่อง กับงานนิพนธ์ว่าด้วยศาสตร์แห่งอัญมณีที่เป็นเรื่องเดี่ยว ส่วนที่สองคือการศึกษาความสำคัญของศาสตร์แห่งอัญมณีในบริบทของสังคมและวัฒนธรรม โดยพิจารณาจากข้อความตัวบทที่แสดงความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างเรื่องแทรกว่าด้วยศาสตร์แห่งอัญมณีกับงานนิพนธ์เรื่องหลัก รวมทั้งพิจารณาบทบาทของศาสตร์แห่งอัญมณีที่ปรากฏในงานนิพนธ์ต่าง ๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้องทั้งในอดีตและปัจจุบัน ผลการศึกษาแสดงให้เห็นว่า สารัตถะของศาสตร์แห่งอัญมณีอินเดียโบราณ คือ การถ่ายทอดความรู้เชิงปฏิบัติเกี่ยวกับวิธีการตรวจสอบและจำแนกสิ่งมีค่า โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งอัญมณี นำไปสู่การประเมินมูลค่าและคุณค่า เพื่อตอบสนองความมั่นคงของราชอาณาจักร องค์ความรู้เรื่องการตรวจสอบอัญมณีจำแนกได้เป็น 4 หมวด ได้แก่ หมวดการตรวจสอบอัญมณี หมวดการประเมินค่าอัญมณี หมวดการกำหนดราคาอัญมณี และหมวดเบ็ดเตล็ดซึ่งครอบคลุมศิลปะการทำอัญมณีตลอดจนความเชื่อ และวัฒนธรรมเกี่ยวกับการใช้อัญมณี เนื้อหาสาระของตำราอัญมณีประเภทเรื่องแทรกที่นำมาศึกษาครั้งนี้ โดยมากพ้องกับตำราอัญมณีประเภทเรื่องเดี่ยว สิ่งที่แตกต่างกันคือรายละเอียดปลีกย่อยและบริบทของการนำไปใช้ซึ่งมุ่งในแวดวงของราชสำนัก ส่วนความสำคัญของศาสตร์แห่งอัญมณีอินเดียโบราณนั้นแบ่งเป็น 4 ด้าน ได้แก่ ด้านความมั่นคงทางเศรษฐกิจและการเมือง ด้านสังคมและวัฒนธรรม ด้านภาษาและวรรณคดี และด้านการศึกษา สะท้อนให้เห็นว่า ศาสตร์แห่งอัญมณีอินเดียโบราณมีคุณูปการต่อสังคมในวงกว้างตั้งแต่อดีตจนถึงปัจจุบัน จึงมีการสืบทอด การผลิตช้า การดัดแปลง และการอ้างอิงศาสตร์แห่งอัญมณีอินเดียในงานนิพนธ์ต่าง ๆ อย่างต่อเนื่องจวบจนปัจจุบัน

Linguistic Correlates Of The Quiet Ego In Narratives About The Self, Katherine Maurer

Masters Theses

Increasingly, research has shown that the drive to elevate the self and the excessive pursuit of self-esteem have negative effects on well-being and mental health. In addition, many of the defensive and aggressive tendencies seen in psychological research can be seen as efforts to defend and elevate the self. In contrast to these tendencies, the quiet ego construct describes a state of ego balance characterized by an inclusive sense of identity, perspective-taking, detached awareness (mindfulness), and growth orientation. The quiet ego and related qualities have been associated with many positive outcomes. A body of research using the Linguistic Inquiry and …

English Language Investment: A Qualitative Study On Transitioning Adult Language Learners To Postsecondary And Career Certificate Programs, Colleen Collins Stribling

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This qualitative study elicited and examined the narratives of 15 adult immigrants

learning English in a grant-funded program. The purpose of the study was to listen to student

voices to understand persistence and investment from the perspectives of the students. The study

utilized a process called reciprocal ethnography whereby participants analyzed their journeys

with the researcher to determine what factors in their life histories, experiences, and identities

had led them to invest sufficiently in English as a Second Language (ESL) programs in order to

reach levels of achievement that would allow them to transition into post secondary and career

certificate …

Japanese-English Bilinguals’ Competence Of Speech Acts In Politeness, Chikako Takehara

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The perceptions and norms of speech acts vary depending on the actor’s culture and language (Blum-Kulka, House, & Kasper, 1989; Rinnert & Kobayashi, 1999). Politeness also has diverse benchmarks depending on culture and language, as noted by Ide et al. (1992) who argue that the concept of politeness is different in Japanese and English. When considering the fact that it is challenging to possess bicultural competence and equal proficiency in both languages (Baker, 2011), how one retains this competence becomes a noteworthy question. Thus, this study investigated whether bilinguals who move to a L2 dominant country retain their communicative competence …

The Effect Of Using Board Games In Reducing Language Anxiety And Improving Oral Performance, Yi-Chun Cheng

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Many English as a second language (ESL) learners feel anxiety about speaking English, and their oral performance is affected in this situation. This study aims to determine the effect of using board games on the improvement of ESL students’ oral performance. Task-based instruction and communicative approaches to pedagogy were used for the games. This is a descriptive method of research which intends to determine the correlation between the usage of educational board games and the level of learners’ language anxiety as well as their improvement in oral performance. The pre-test and post-test which were adapted from the Speaking Proficiency English …

Acquisition Of Chinese Wh-Questions By English L2 Learners, Linfei Yi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The current thesis investigates the acquisition of Chinese wh-questions by English l2 learners based on the syntactic differences between the two languages. I seek to find out how well do the l2 learners acquire the wh-questions, as measured by a grammaticality judgment task; what wh-words tend to pose difficulties for the acceptability of l2 learners; if l2 learners able to acquire the native-like word order of wh-questions in Chinese; if the results of the initial l2 learners in line with any hypotheses of the initial state. Through the analysis of the results, I will conclude that l1 English learners of …

A Single-Subject Evaluation Of Facilitated Communication In The Completion Of School-Assigned Homework, Nancy A. Meissner

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Few projects have combined quantitative and qualitative approaches in the analysis of facilitated communication as did this study of a 17-year-old nonverbal autistic male responding to homework questions using facilitated communication. Findings were consistent with prior studies: Tim was minimally able to produce correct responses independent of facilitator influence under controlled conditions; whereas, at least some typed messages in the spontaneous narratives appear to be his authentic communications independent of facilitator control.

An overview of the history of facilitated communication, its related research, and the heated debates around its validity are presented. Disparate findings between controlled and non-controlled circumstances are …

More Than Skin-Deep: Reading Past Whiteness In Hemingway’S “Hills Like White Elephants”, Laura Valeri

Writing & Linguistics: Faculty Publications (1990-2022)

The author argues a much neglected element in the seminal Hemingway's story "Hills Like White Elephant." Reading the story by taking into context a subtext of racial bias lends new interpretation to the story.

Anaphora Resolution In Spanish-English L2 Learners An Analysis Of Different Discourse Context, Ohood Asiri

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

While in null subject languages, overt pronouns refer to non-salient antecedents and mark a topic-shift, in non-null subject languages, overt pronouns indicate reference maintenance to the current discourse topic.

It has been shown that learners of a null subject language whose L1 is a non-null subject language show some optionality in the interpretation of null and over subjects in the L2. To account for these results, the Interface HypoThesis (e.g., Sorace, 2011) proposed that interface structures between syntax and pragmatics (as in the case of anaphoric expressions) require an increase use of cognitive resources and are therefore less likely to …

The Impact Of Animacy And Positioning On The Production Of Second Language Referring Expressions, Adonis De Carvalho Borges

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Researches have investigated how referring expressions are produced based upon second language acquisition and psycholinguistics theories. A study of monolingual English speakers demonstrated that referent's salience and discourse factors might impact referring expression choice between noun phrases and pronouns. Participants demonstrated a higher production of pronouns when the referent expression was animate rather than inanimate and a preference for noun phrases when the referent was the second noun phrase of the referent's context sentence (Fukumura & Van Gompel, 2011). In addition, an investigation with Hispanic bilinguals, whose L2 is English, demonstrated, in general, a greater preference for pronouns rather than …

(Thr)-Flapping In American English: Articulatory Motivations And Social Factors, Joseph A. Stanley

Faculty Publications

Taps are allophones of /t/ and /d/ in American English

Between two vowels where the second is unstressed water, data, cheetah, scooter, odor, editor, forty, item, ladle, coding, etc. [ɾ] = voiced, alveolar tap.

Similar environment, but with a preceding nasal winter = winner, panting = panning [ɾ̃] = voiced, nasalized, alveolar tap.

Hypotheses:

1. For some speakers, [ɾ] is an allophone of /ɹ/ after /θ/, i.e. they have (thr)-flapping.
2. This variant is socially conditioned.
3. This variant has articulatory motivations.

Motivational Partnerships: Increasing Esl Student Self-Efficacy, Norman W. Evans, Paul N. Cave, Dan P. Dewey, K. James Hartshorn

Faculty Publications

The present study investigated the relationship between student use of self-efficacy-building strategies through motivational partnerships and student levels of self-efficacy and motivation in an adult intensive English programme in the United States. The extent to which self-efficacy influenced motivation was also examined. After being organized into these partnerships and receiving self-efficacy-building strategy training from the participating teacher, 16 ESL students had their pre- and post-levels of self-efficacy and motivation measured. Additionally, students discussed the effectiveness of the partnerships on their learning experience. Results show significant correlations between student use of self-efficacy-building strategies and improvement in both their self-efficacy and motivation. …

Sense Relations And Sensory Clustering In Pastaza Quichua Ideophones, Janis B. Nuckolls

Faculty Publications

Ideophones are sound-imitative words that simulate senses, perceptions, and emotions. Using archived, audiovisual data consisiting of over 500 ideophones utterances from the Pastaza Quichua language of Amazonia Ecuador acquired over the last 6 years of fieldwork, I argue that although ideophone semantics have been charatierized as highly specific, semantic generalization and structred semantic realtions such as a synonymy, antonymy and homonymy may be found when a sizable corpus is available. Semantic regualrity and stucture are hypothesized to be linked with a senory clustering effect whereby more sensory modalities encoded within an ideophone generate more possibilited for sense relations and semantic …

Dorothy Moser Medlin Papers - Accession 1049, Dorothy Moser Medlin

Manuscript Collection

(The Dorothy Moser Medlin Papers are currently in processing.)

This collection contains most of the records of Dorothy Medlin’s work and correspondence and also includes reference materials, notes, microfilm, photographic negatives related both to her professional and personal life. Additions include a FLES Handbook, co-authored by Dorothy Medlin and a decorative mirror belonging to Dorothy Medlin.

Major series in this collection include: some original 18th century writings and ephemera and primary source material of André Morellet, extensive collection of secondary material on André Morellet's writings and translations, Winthrop related files, literary manuscripts and notes by Dorothy Medlin (1966-2011), copies …

The Modulatory Effect Of Expectations On Memory Retrieval During Sentence Comprehension, Luca Campanelli, Julie A. Van Dyke, Klara Marton

Publications and Research

Memory retrieval and probabilistic expectations are recognized factors in sentence comprehension that capture two different critical aspects of processing difficulty: the cost of retrieving and integrating previously processed elements with the new input words and the cost of incorrect predictions about upcoming words or structures in a sentence. Although these two factors have independently received substantial support from the extant literature, how they interact remains poorly understood. The present study investigated memory retrieval and expectation in a single experiment, pitting these factors against each other. Results showed a significant interference effect in both response time to the comprehension questions and …

Perception Of American–English Vowels By Early And Late Spanish–English Bilinguals, Miriam Baigorri, Luca Campanelli, Erika S. Levy

Publications and Research

Increasing numbers of Hispanic immigrants are entering the US and learning American–English (AE) as a second–language (L2). Previous studies investigating the relationship between AE and Spanish vowels have revealed an advantage for early L2 learners for their accuracy of L2 vowel perception. Replicating and extending such previous research, this study examined the patterns with which early and late Spanish–English bilingual adults assimilated naturally-produced AE vowels to their native vowel-inventory and the accuracy with which they discriminated the vowels. Twelve early Spanish–English bilingual, 12 late Spanish–English bilingual, and 10 monolingual listeners performed perceptual-assimilation and categorical-discrimination tasks involving AE /i,ɪ,ɛ,ʌ,æ,ɑ,o/. Early bilinguals …

Anxiety: Stress, Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety, And Enjoyment During Study Abroad In Amman, Jordan, Dan Dewey, R. Kirk Belnap, Patrick Steffen

Faculty Publications

Anxiety is among the most frequently studied emotions in second language acquisition (SLA). Study abroad (SA) researchers have examined its effects on SLA in that setting in a number of studies. The current study goes beyond previous SA research by examining how anxiety develops and connects with language proficiency development over SA. Specifically, it uses anxiety-related measures of foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA), foreign language enjoyment (FLE), and a physiological manifestation of anxiety (hair cortisol). As far as the classroom is concerned, learners grew more comfortable, experiencing less anxiety and more enjoyment over the period of SA. However, learners showed …

Consonantal Variation In Utah English: What El[T]Se Is Happening[K], Joseph A. Stanley, Kyle Vanderniet

Faculty Publications

MOUNTAIN

• standard moun[ʔn̩] was the most common
• hyperarticulated moun[tʰɨn] twice as common as moun[ʔɨn]
• more common in younger speakers
• possibly as reaction to stigmatized variant

FALSE

• no clear pattern, but possibly women use it more

[k]-epenthesis

• not enough data

Nonmainstream forms can be found in Utah English.

These are not captured by the demographic variables we gathered.

Assessment And Analysis Of Receptive And Expressive English Language Development In Spanish Speaking Ells And Native English Speakers Using The Pre-Klba, Candace Laprairie

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study is to examine the trends and differences in receptive and expressive English language development in native English speakers and Spanish-speaking English language learners (ELL). It also aims to analyze the relationship between auditory comprehension and narrative production skills and semantic skills and narrative production skills in native English-speakers and Spanish-speaking ELLs. Eighty-three preschool-aged children (17 Spanish-speaking ELLs and 66 Native English-speakers) were administered the Pre-Kindergarten Language Benchmark Assessment (Pre-KLBA) in Fall 2015, Winter 2016, and Spring 2016. This study utilized a three by two ANOVA to evaluate and determine: 1) If there are differences in …

Taxation For Whom?:A Diachronic Analysis Of Taxation In Ireland And The United Kingdom From 1970-2015., Ewan Macdonald, John Hogan, Brendan O'Rourke

Other

This paper explores the discursive development of taxation within budget speeches in two countries, the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, from 1970 to 2015 by means of a corpus-assisted discourse analysis. We ask the following questions; how have discourses of taxation developed diachronically in both countries, what are the similarities and differences in the observable discourses across both countries, and for whom and how are these discourses legitimised? In answering these questions, this paper makes use of Corpus linguistics, a methodological approach which utilises computational analysis of large bodies of text to draw statistically significant conclusions about the …