Economic Contribution Of 2024/2025 Averaged Nonresident Travel Spending In Montana Travel Regions And Counties,
2026
University of Montana
Economic Contribution Of 2024/2025 Averaged Nonresident Travel Spending In Montana Travel Regions And Counties, Kara Grau
Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications
Money spent by travelers in Montana has a direct effect on businesses where it is spent, and it ripples throughout the state’s economy from there. Statewide, spending by nonresident visitors (averaged over two years - 2024 and 2025) totaled $5.36 billion. This report details the methods and results of the economic impact analyses for each of Montana’s six travel regions, as well as analyses for counties in which nonresident travelers spent approximately $50 million or more.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Internet Terhadap Pendapatan Wirausaha Pemuda Di Indonesia,
2026
Magister Perencanaan Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pembangunan, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Pengaruh Penggunaan Internet Terhadap Pendapatan Wirausaha Pemuda Di Indonesia, Nabella Primasetya, Putu Geniki Lavinia Natih
Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia
An important element in entrepreneurship is being alert to unexploited opportunities. In the context of entrepreneurial development, internet users in Indonesia continue to increase but the percentage of young people using the internet for business remains low. This study analyzes the effect of internet usage on the income of young entrepreneurs in Indonesia using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method and Propensity Score Matching (PSM). The results show that internet usage significantly increases the income of youth entrepreneurs. Internet usage for communication contributes positively to their income but usage for promotion, social media and marketplaces does not affect their income.
Believing And Belonging: Americans’ Religious Practices And Their Trust In Government,
2026
Washington University in St. Louis
Believing And Belonging: Americans’ Religious Practices And Their Trust In Government, Hwayong Shin
Weidenbaum Center Survey (WCS) Reports
Data from the Weidenbaum Center Survey (WCS) offer new insights into Americans’ religious and political lives by addressing two broad questions. First, how religious are Americans today, and how does religiosity vary across age and partisan groups? Waves 1–8 of the WCS, conducted between 2023 and 2026, are used to answer this question. Second, how are different forms of religiosity associated with trust in government, and do these relationships differ across age and partisan groups? To answer this question, this article leverages Waves 6–8 of the WCS, which included measures of trust in government, conducted between 2025 and 2026. The …
Conflict-Mediated Group Size Regulation: A Theory Of Supraoptimal And Suboptimal Group Size,
2026
Chapman University
Conflict-Mediated Group Size Regulation: A Theory Of Supraoptimal And Suboptimal Group Size, Eric Schniter
ESI Working Papers
Observed group sizes rarely match the size that would maximize what each member gets from belonging. We propose a two-part theory in which group size is regulated by two related conflicts: insider-outsider conflict over admission, and within-group conflict as crowding, competition, and social tensions intensify with size. Three strategies are available: admission, exclusion, and fission. The first part shows that even when exclusion is unavailable, fission dynamics alone drive group size away from the optimum in both directions, with the pattern set by how prospective joiners encounter groups and by the geometry of fission. When joiners compare groups across a …
Modeling And Forecasting Intraday Spot Volatility,
2026
Singapore Management University
Modeling And Forecasting Intraday Spot Volatility, Adam Clements, Daniel P. A. Preve
Research Collection School Of Economics
We propose a multiple-equation regression-based method for modeling and forecasting intraday spot volatility. In this approach, intraday intervals are treated as individual time series, deviating from the common practice of treating the data as one continuous sample. Our empirical study, which spans more than two decades and encompasses six US blue-chip stocks, employs the recent OK volatility estimator developed by Li, Wang, and Zhang (2024) to expose the dynamics of latent intraday spot volatility over time. We demonstrate that the proposed method effectively captures the intricate dynamics of intraday spot volatility and find strong evidence that it outperforms a competing …
Navigating Unemployment Without Unemployment Insurance: Evidence From Singapore,
2026
Singapore Management University
Navigating Unemployment Without Unemployment Insurance: Evidence From Singapore, Kim, Lanjie Wang
Research Collection School Of Economics
This study investigates the short-term impacts of unemployment among older workers (aged 50–62) in Singapore, a setting with-out public unemployment insurance. Using monthly panel data from the Singapore Life Panel, we analyse dynamic effects onmajor life outcomes such as income, spending, health, and subjective wellbeing over 2 years post-unemployment. Our findingsreveal substantial initial earnings losses with incomplete recovery: income remains 50.7% below pre-unemployment levels after24 months. Despite this persistent income gap, total household expenditure declines by 9.8% on average over 2 years (rangingfrom 7% to 16% across months). The implied two-year marginal propensity to consume is about 0.182, smaller than …
How Do Sectoral Shocks Shape Future Gdp?,
2026
Singapore Management University
How Do Sectoral Shocks Shape Future Gdp?, Paul Ho, Danial Lashkari, Pierre-Daniel Sarte
Research Collection School Of Economics
A production sector’s size, as measured by its Domar weight, captures the contemporaneous aggregate effect of its productivity shocks. Any future aggregate effects, however, depend on that sector’s participation in the investment network. We derive a dynamic generalization of Hulten’s theorem in an environment with intermediate-input and investment networks. This generalization, implied by production efficiency alone, decomposes each sector’s Domar weight into an impact and a propagation component. The relative size of these components then determines how persistent the aggregate effects of sectoral shocks are, but cannot be known absent information on the economy’s production structure. We show in a …
The Effect Of Vaccine Mandates On Disease Spread: Evidence From College Covid-19 Mandates,
2026
Singapore Management University
The Effect Of Vaccine Mandates On Disease Spread: Evidence From College Covid-19 Mandates, Riley K. Acton, Wenjia Cao, Emily E. Cook, Scott A. Imberman, Michael F. Lovenheim
Research Collection School Of Economics
Nearly 700 4-year U.S. colleges mandated students receive COVID-19 vaccinations in fall 2021. Using data on college policies and county health, we estimate how mandates affect surrounding communities. Event studies from August to November 2021 show that mandates covering all colleges in a county reduced COVID-19 deaths by 5.6 per 100,000 persons, a 4.6% reduction in the U.S. total during this period. Mandates reduced COVID cases by 504 and ICU admissions by 16.2 per 100,000, though we see no statistically significant impact on hospitalizations. Impacts are larger in counties with larger college populations and low estimated ex-ante student vaccination rates.
The Unintended Consequences Of International Student Shortage: Evidence From South Korea,
2026
Washington University in St. Louis
The Unintended Consequences Of International Student Shortage: Evidence From South Korea, Chung-Yoon Choi, Syngjoo Choi, Seonghoon Kim, Jongkwan Lee
Research Collection School Of Economics
We study the role of international students in the higher education sector and the local economy by exploiting a policy reform in South Korea that restricted the admission of foreign students to local universities. By comparing the pre- and post-reform differences across universities with different pre-reform shares of international student enrollment, we show that an international student shortage resulting from this policy reform significantly worsened the financial outcomes of universities and consequently led to reduced investment in their students. We also document that a reduction in the number of international students in local areas decreased native employment, mainly in low-skilled …
Essays In Whistleblowing, Crime, And Experimental Economics,
2026
University of Arkansas-Fayetteville
Essays In Whistleblowing, Crime, And Experimental Economics, Danielle Nickeisha Purcell
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation comprises three essays on how institutional strength, enforcement practices, and cognitive load affect behavior. The first essay presents a laboratory experiment that varies the extent to which an individual in a position of authority can interfere with the outcome of whistleblowing, holding all other monetary incentives fixed. Strengthening institutions raises whistleblowing rates, lowers theft, and reduces the rate of bribe offers, while leaving authorities’ acceptance of bribes unchanged when they face no punishment for accepting them. The second essay studies the end of stop and frisk in Chicago following the 2015 ACLU-CPD settlement agreement, which cut annual investigatory …
Multidimensional Screening For Quality With An Application To Health Insurance,
2026
Arizona State University
Multidimensional Screening For Quality With An Application To Health Insurance, Hector Chade, Victoria Marone, Amanda Starc, Jeroen Swinkels
Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers
We analyze a multidimensional screening model in which a principal offers a menu of quality-price pairs to a consumer with multiple dimensions of private information and a quasilinear utility function. We derive necessary conditions for optimality, and use them to provide insight into optimal exclusion, positive trade, and screening. We then recast the problem in terms of incremental quality levels and prices, the so-called demand-profile approach (DPA). Under DPA, the problem decouples across increments and can be solved one at a time. We provide novel conditions under which DPA recovers the solution to the full problem exactly or approximately, and …
Bearcat Advantage: Year Two Evaluation Report,
2026
W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
Bearcat Advantage: Year Two Evaluation Report, Michelle Miller-Adams, Kyle Huisman, Bridget Timmeney, Kevin Hollenbeck
Reports
No abstract provided.
Close To Home? Five Key Facts About Child Care Customer And Worker Commutes,
2026
W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
Close To Home? Five Key Facts About Child Care Customer And Worker Commutes, Gabrielle Pepin, Jonathan Borowsky, Elizabeth E. Davis, Aaron Sojourner
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Parents often cite location and convenience as important factors in choosing a child care provider. We use data on individual mobility from GPS in cell phones to study commutes to each licensed early childhood care and education (ECE) provider in 14 states separately for center customers, center workers, and customers of home-based child care providers. We document five key facts about ECE customer and worker commutes. One, center customers and workers commute farther than home-based customers to ECE providers. Two, substantial shares of customers and workers commute 10+ miles to their ECE provider. Three, commute distances to ECE providers vary …
Hkc05 - Household Portfolios, Corporate Leverage, And The Supply Side Of Monetary Policy,
2026
London School of Economics and CEPR
Hkc05 - Household Portfolios, Corporate Leverage, And The Supply Side Of Monetary Policy, Charles A.E. Goodhart, M. Udara Peiris, Dimitrios P. Tsomocos, Xuan Wang
Oberlin College Kasper Economics and Business Working Paper Series
Corporate borrowing creates safe claims for some households and concentrates residual risk in equity for others. This portfolio heterogeneity drives a supply-side channel through which corporate leverage conditions monetary transmission. Tightening erodes equity holders’ wealth while safe-asset holders are cushioned; the resulting income effect makes aggregate labor fall more at high leverage, raising the sacrifice ratio. A static model yields a closed-form hump in leverage, with the US range on the rising side, disciplined by Survey of Consumer Finances portfolio shares. A calibrated dynamic model roughly doubles the sacrifice ratio, and US local projections agree in sign, shape, and timing.
Expanding The Cognitive Attentional Standards Platform Through Artificial Influence Assessment (Aia): Rationale, Development, And Measurement Design,
2026
University of Central Florida
Expanding The Cognitive Attentional Standards Platform Through Artificial Influence Assessment (Aia): Rationale, Development, And Measurement Design, Delante Clark
Graduate Scholarship and Creative Works
Artificial intelligence is increasingly shaping how individuals access information, make decisions, and interact with digital environments. The Cognitive Attentional Standards Platform (C.A.S.) was developed to assess attention related harms, cognitive safety, digital autonomy, and platform influence across digital systems (Clark, 2026). However, the growth of generative AI, conversational agents, and algorithmic decision support technologies has introduced new forms of influence that may not be fully captured by existing assessment domains. This paper proposes the Artificial Influence Assessment (AIA) as an expansion of the C.A.S. framework designed to measure AI mediated influence on cognition, behavior, autonomy, and information processing. Drawing on …
Governing Algorithmic Attention: Attention Safeguard Models And The Cognitive Attentional Standard As System Level Interventions In Human Computer Interaction, Behavioral Economics, And Artificial Intelligence,
2026
University of Central Florida
Governing Algorithmic Attention: Attention Safeguard Models And The Cognitive Attentional Standard As System Level Interventions In Human Computer Interaction, Behavioral Economics, And Artificial Intelligence, Delante Clark
Graduate Scholarship and Creative Works
Algorithmic recommendation systems and interface designs shape attention by combining visually salient cues with uncertain reward timing and low friction interaction. These conditions can sustain anticipatory checking, extend time on task, and reduce natural disengagement points through patterns such as infinite scrolling and autoplay. This paper synthesizes research across neuroscience, human computer interaction, behavioral economics, and artificial intelligence to argue that attention capture is a predictable outcome of incentive driven design rather than an individual failure of self regulation. It advances the Attention Safeguard Models and the Cognitive Attentional Standard as system level interventions that regulate exposure conditions, pacing, and …
Neural Networks In Economics: A Selective Review,
2026
Yale University
Neural Networks In Economics: A Selective Review, Xiaohong Chen, Luis Hoderlein, Jonas Lieber
Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers
The "deep learning revolution" has led to remarkable success of neural networks in applications across a wide range of fields, such as computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, code generation, protein structure prediction, image and video generation, and dynamic control. This review introduces neural networks to economists. Recent advances and challenges in approximation theory, neural network architecture, computation, econometric theory and practice are presented. Finally, we survey the rapidly evolving applications of modern neural networks and Large Language Models in economic research.
Value-Chain Factors Influencing Production Volume And Gross Margin: Evidence From A Thai Dairy Processing Firm,
2026
Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University
Value-Chain Factors Influencing Production Volume And Gross Margin: Evidence From A Thai Dairy Processing Firm, Jiranij Jareonsawat, Aqeel Raza, Kittisak Ajariyakhajorn, Davids Makararpong, Henk Hogeveen, Chainarong Paoin, Nampueng Mesprasat, Chaidate Inchaisri
The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine
The dairy industry is vital for food security and economic stability, particularly in developing markets such as Thailand. Understanding factors related to production volume and gross margin in dairy processing firms can help inform performance and profitability considerations. Based on Porter’s value chain framework and a perception-based survey approach, this study used document reviews, in-depth interviews with 14 key informants, and an employee perception survey (n = 21) covering 74 relevant factors. Results indicated significant differences across ten activity categories for both production volume (Χ2 = 53.59, df = 9, P < 0.001) and gross margin (Χ2 = 26.89, df = 9, P < 0.001). For production volume, research and development (3.96 ± 0.66), human resources management (3.93 ± 0.63), and external factors (3.82 ± 0.82) had the highest mean perceived importance scores. For gross margin, external factors recorded the highest mean score (3.96 ± 0.81). At the factor level, the Thai government-regulated raw milk price was classified as the most important factor associated with production volume, while fuel prices were the most important factor related to gross margin. Both factors had the highest proportion of “High” and “Very High” responses (90.5%). These findings highlight the importance of aligning internal activities with external conditions within an institutional and policy context. This study provides insights into how institutional and policy constraints shape the way firm-level activities and external conditions are perceived and prioritized, and how these perceptions relate to performance in dairy processing firms in Thailand.
Accounting And Economic System Classification: An Adverse Effect Of The Misconceptualization Of Capital,
2026
Institute of Finance Management
Accounting And Economic System Classification: An Adverse Effect Of The Misconceptualization Of Capital, Henry Zeno Chalu
Business Management Review
This paper discusses the influence of accounting on economic system classification. Particularly, it traces how a misconception of the accounting term ‘capital’ led to a misleading characterization of capitalism and socialism as inherently oppositional economic systems. This misunderstanding stems from neglect of the two complementary modes of thought on which accounting as a science rests: reasoning, which is the conceptual, idealistic dimension, and proving, which is the technical, physicalist dimension. Both modes are integral to the construction of most of the accounting terms used in economics. If an accounting conceptualization had been followed, capitalism and socialism would not …
Three Essays On Political Economy And International Trade,
2026
Syracuse University
Three Essays On Political Economy And International Trade, Shuo Zhang
Dissertations - ALL
This dissertation is composed of three papers that explore how institutions, globalization, and trade shocks affect individuals' political preferences and firms' behavior. The first paper studies how mass protest events drive political change among citizens. I exploit the 2019 Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement (ANTI-ELAB protest) in Hong Kong and its impact on the subsequent 2019 Hong Kong District Council Election. Taking advantage of a granular dataset of organized events during the protest, I exploit spatial variation in protest intensity, as measured by the number of events, across Constituency Areas. Empirical results show that in Constituency Areas with higher protest …
