Rethinking The Role Of Employment Barriers In Active Labor Market Policy: Evidence From A Fixed Effects Analysis,
2022
National University of Singapore
Rethinking The Role Of Employment Barriers In Active Labor Market Policy: Evidence From A Fixed Effects Analysis, Jian Qi Tan, Irene Y. H. Ng, Kong Weng Ho
Research Collection School Of Economics
Using a panel dataset from a five-wave survey of participants in Singapore’s Work Support Programme (WSP) from 2010 to 2016, we quantify the cumulative negative impact of facing multiple employment barriers and demonstrate the association between the individual stressors and labor market indicators. Using a fixed effects model to reduce the confounding effects of unobservables, we find that a one standard deviation increase in the number of employment barriers brings about a 2.7 to 3.5 percentage point increase in the probability of being unemployed and a 58 SGD to 78 SGD decrease in individual earnings.
The Role Of Data For Ai Startup Growth,
2022
Boston University School of Law
The Role Of Data For Ai Startup Growth, James Bessen, Stephen Michael Impink, Lydia Reichensperger, Robert Seamans
Faculty Scholarship
Artificial intelligence (“AI”)-enabled products are expected to drive economic growth. Training data are important for firms developing AI-enabled products; without training data, firms cannot develop or refine their algorithms. This is particularly the case for AI startups developing new algorithms and products. However, there is no consensus in the literature on which aspects of training data are most important. Using unique survey data of AI startups, we find that startups with access to proprietary training data are more likely to acquire venture capital funding.
A Survey Of Faculty Perceptions Of Community College Career And Technical Education,
2021
Palm Beach Community College
A Survey Of Faculty Perceptions Of Community College Career And Technical Education, Thomas Gauthier Dr.
Journal of Research in Technical Careers
Community colleges are the leaders in facilitating career and technical education (CTE), and faculty help develop program offerings on campus. This study explored faculty perceptions of community college CTE programs using the survey research method. Participants included 36 faculty members from various disciplines from 15 state colleges in Florida. Participants were sent a digital survey and asked to use a scale from 0 (do not agree) to 8 (agree) to score their agreement level with 43 statements of opinion. Data revealed that community college faculty perceive CTE as beneficial, but CTE programs must include the habits of mind and support …
Isolated States Of America: The Impact Of State Borders On Mobility And Regional Labor Market Adjustments,
2021
Brigham Young University
Isolated States Of America: The Impact Of State Borders On Mobility And Regional Labor Market Adjustments, Riley Wilson
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
I document a new empirical pattern of internal mobility in the United States. Namely, county-to-county migration and commuting drop off discretely at state borders. People are three times as likely to move to a county 15 miles away, but in the same state, than to move to an equally distant county in a different state. These gaps remain even among neighboring counties or counties in the same commuting zone. This pattern is not explained by differences in county characteristics, is not driven by any particular demographic group, and is not explained by pecuniary costs such as differences in state occupational …
Equity In Unemployment Insurance Benefit Access,
2021
W.E. Upjohn Insitute for Employment Research
Equity In Unemployment Insurance Benefit Access, Christopher J. O'Leary, William E. Spriggs, Stephen A. Wandner
Upjohn Institute Policy Papers
This paper examines the uneven pattern of access to unemployment insurance (UI) by age, gender, and race across the United States. We present results from a descriptive analysis using publicly available longitudinal data reported by states on rates of UI recipiency and characteristics of UI beneficiaries. Recipiency measures the proportion of all unemployed who are receiving UI benefits. UI is intended to provide temporary, partial income replacement to involuntarily unemployed UI applicants with strong labor force attachments while they are able, available, and actively seeking return to work. Each of these UI eligibility conditions contributes to the UI recipiency rate …
Isolated States Of America: State Borders, Mobility, And Labor Markets,
2021
Brigham Young University
Isolated States Of America: State Borders, Mobility, And Labor Markets, Riley Wilson
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.
How Does Industrialization Affect (Equitable) Income Growth? Evidence From U.S. Manufacturing During The Early 20th Century,
2021
Union College - Schenectady, NY
How Does Industrialization Affect (Equitable) Income Growth? Evidence From U.S. Manufacturing During The Early 20th Century, Leonardo Cavedagne
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper assesses how changes in labor productivity from the rise of industrialization impacted total, personal, and corporate income per capita at the state level from 1899-1940. Using hand-collected data from the Statistics of Income Report and the Statistical Abstract of the United States, we conduct OLS regressions and find a significant and positive relationship between labor productivity and our dependent variables. Personal income recorded the highest coefficient, demonstrating workers benefiting the most from increasing labor productivity. This finding allows for exploration into equitable income growth, as the growth in income benefits the workers more than large capital owners.
Growth Likely In A Time Of Uncertainty,
2021
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Growth Likely In A Time Of Uncertainty, Eric Thompson
Business in Nebraska
The United States economy continues to recover from the recession which occurred during March and April of 2020. Demand has been strong for both goods and services. At the same time, supply constraints are a concern in the economy, contributing to both higher prices and in some cases lost production within industries. Supply constraints are evident in both inputs (supplies) and labor. Labor force growth has been anemic in the last two years given slow population growth and a roughly 2 percent decline in the labor force participation rate. Looking forward, the baseline outlook is for the U.S. economic recovery …
Examining The Lack Of Consensus On The Minimum Wage,
2021
Northeastern Illinois University
Examining The Lack Of Consensus On The Minimum Wage, Belma Ramic
University Honors Program Senior Projects
The economic impacts of minimum wage laws have been the subject of debate for over a century within the United States (US). This paper summarizes this and reviews the body of academic literature studying the effects of minimum wage laws, much of which center around their employment effects. This paper also examines how the ongoing debate can be attributed to factors that have not been as comprehensively reviewed, such as disagreements over politics, poverty, and impact on prices. The purpose of this paper is to achieve an understanding of the complexities surrounding the minimum wage and its overall implications. From …
General Equilibrium Effects Of Insurance Expansions: Evidence From Long-Term Care Labor Markets,
2021
University of California, Los Angeles, National Bureau of Economic Research, and Center for Economic Studies ifo
General Equilibrium Effects Of Insurance Expansions: Evidence From Long-Term Care Labor Markets, Martin Hackmann, Jӧrg Heining, Roman Klimke, Maria Polyakova, Holger Seibert
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Arrow (1963) hypothesized that demand-side moral hazard induced by health insurance leads to supply-side expansions in healthcare markets. Capturing these effects empirically has been challenging, as non-marginal insurance expansions are rare and detailed data on healthcare labor and capital is sparse. We combine administrative labor market data with the geographic variation in the rollout of a universal insurance program—the introduction of long-term care (LTC) insurance in Germany in 1995—to document a substantial expansion of the inpatient LTC labor market in response to insurance expansion. A 10 percentage point expansion in the share of insured elderly leads to 0.05 (7%) more …
How Does The Elimination Of State Aid To For-Profit Colleges Affect Enrollment?: Evidence From California’S Reforms,
2021
University of Missouri
How Does The Elimination Of State Aid To For-Profit Colleges Affect Enrollment?: Evidence From California’S Reforms, Oded Gurantz, Ryan Sakoda, Shayak Sarkar
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.
How Does The Elimination Of State Aid To For-Profit Colleges Affect Enrollment? Evidence From California’S Reforms,
2021
University of Missouri
How Does The Elimination Of State Aid To For-Profit Colleges Affect Enrollment? Evidence From California’S Reforms, Oded Gurantz, Ryan Sakoda, Shayak Sarkar
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper examines how financial aid reform based on postsecondary institutional performance impacts student choice. Federal and state regulations often reflect concerns about the private, for-profit sector’s poor employment outcomes and high loan defaults, despite the sector’s possible theoretical advantages. We use student-level data to examine how eliminating public subsidies to attend low-performing for-profit institutions impacts students’ college enrollment and completion behavior. Beginning in 2011, California tightened eligibility standards for their state aid program, effectively eliminating most for-profit eligibility. Linking data on aid application to administrative payment and postsecondary enrollment records, this paper utilizes a difference-in differences strategy to investigate …
Reemployment Services And Eligibility Assessments (Resea) In Maryland: Process Analysis Report,
2021
W.E. Upjohn Insitute for Employment Research
Reemployment Services And Eligibility Assessments (Resea) In Maryland: Process Analysis Report, Christopher J. O'Leary, Gabrielle Pepin, Ting Zhang, Conrad Helms
Upjohn Institute Technical Reports
No abstract provided.
Black Suburbanization: Causes And Consequences Of A Transformation Of American Cities,
2021
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Black Suburbanization: Causes And Consequences Of A Transformation Of American Cities, Alexander W. Bartik, Evan Mast
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Since 1970, the share of Black individuals living in suburbs of large cities has risen from 16 to 36 percent. This shift is as large as the post-World War II wave of the Great Migration. We first show that Black suburbanization has led to major changes in neighborhoods, accounting for a large share of recent increases in both the average Black individual’s neighborhood quality and within-Black income segregation. We then show that changes in relative suburban amenities and housing prices explain about 60 and 30 percent, respectively, of Black suburbanization, while regional reallocation, changing educational attainment, and gentrification play only …
Long-Term Effects Of In Utero Exposure To “The Year Without A Summer”,
2021
Texas Tech University, Department of Economics, Lubbock, USA
Long-Term Effects Of In Utero Exposure To “The Year Without A Summer”, Hamid Noghanibehambari, Farzaneh Noghani, Nahid Tavassoli, Mostafa Toranji
Economic and Business Review
This paper uses the aftermath of the great Tambora eruption in 1815 as a natural experiment to explore the long-term effects of a nutritional shock during prenatal development. The volcanic explosion of Tambora formed substantial ash columns which hampered sunlight, cooled down the surface temperature, reduced the length of the growing season, and led to a severe harvest failure during summer and winter of 1816 in Europe and northeastern states of America. US decennial census 1850 provides evidence that cohorts in utero during the climate anomaly revealed lower literacy rates, lower labor force participation rates, a fewer number of own …
Place-Based Consequences Of Person-Based Transfers,
2021
W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
Place-Based Consequences Of Person-Based Transfers, Brad J. Hershbein
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Economic Costs And Benefits Of Tuition-Free College In Illinois,
2021
W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
Economic Costs And Benefits Of Tuition-Free College In Illinois, Timothy J. Bartik, Michelle Miller-Adams, Brian Pittelko, Bridget Timmeney
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Futurological Fodder: On Communicating The Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, And Employment,
2021
University of Kentucky
Futurological Fodder: On Communicating The Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, And Employment, Michael E. Samers Dr
Geography Faculty Publications
This article examines the debate concerning the employment implications of the so-called ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ (FIR) or the increasing presence of artificial intelligence and robotics in workplaces. I analyze three ‘genres’ associated with this debate (academic studies including neo-classical and heterodox/post-human approaches, the ‘gray literature’, and popular media) and I argue that together they represent ‘futurological fodder’ or discourses and knowledges that ‘perform’ the FIR and its purported consequences. I contend further that these genres involve a complex mix of ethics and politics, and I conclude with a reflection on the political implications of the FIR debate.
Labor Market Consequences Of Antitax Avoidance Policies,
2021
Utah State University, National Bureau of Economic Research, and Centre for Economic Policy Research
Labor Market Consequences Of Antitax Avoidance Policies, Katarzyna Bilicka
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
In this paper, I analyze the local labor market consequences of multinational firms reallocating employees across their affiliates in response to antitax avoidance policies. I leverage the introduction of a worldwide debt cap in 2010 in the United Kingdom as a quasi-natural experiment that limited one of the forms of profit shifting—debt shifting—for a group of multinational corporations (MNCs). Multinationals affected by the reform reallocated their employees from the United Kingdom to foreign locations. This affected London-based service sector firms the most. I show that this led to a reduction in the number of jobs available in regions exposed to …
Automation Workforce Productivity. How Illinois Manufacturers Are Adopting Advanced Technologies: An Insight Report On Automation, Workforce, And Productivity,
2021
W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
Automation Workforce Productivity. How Illinois Manufacturers Are Adopting Advanced Technologies: An Insight Report On Automation, Workforce, And Productivity, Kathleen Bolter, Nicholas Martens, Kenneth Voytek, Jim Robey
Reports
No abstract provided.
