The Power Of The Middle Class In The United States And China,
2022
SIT Study Abroad
The Power Of The Middle Class In The United States And China, Sarah Kent
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
The global middle class has been experiencing exponential growth, but because of differences among countries in regard to stages of development, the growth has not been spread evenly across the world. The United States and much of the Western World is undergoing a shrinking middle class due to economic deregulation and automation whereas China and other countries in the Eastern World have had middle class growth in recent years (OECD, 2019). The juxtaposition between the middle classes is also reflected in the juxtaposition of the respective countries’ GDP growth. Therefore, the United States and China, because of their pronounced systemic …
Takes Two To Tango: The Fusion Of Slow Fashion And Agroecology To Combat The Fast Fashion Industry,
2022
University of Denver
Takes Two To Tango: The Fusion Of Slow Fashion And Agroecology To Combat The Fast Fashion Industry, Sejal Krell
Undergraduate Theses, Capstones, and Recitals
Fast fashion has been around for longer than the world can remember, after all, there has always been a need for clothes. Nonetheless, it has not been until the past 50 years that fast fashion has become a titan within the industry. Many consider it to be the golden child of fashion with its low production costs, mass retailing, and low prices reaching consumers of all socioeconomic levels. However, the realities of this industry – specifically pertaining to the environment, economy, social sphere, and public health – reveal a different story, of injustice. After discussing the history and rise of …
Innovation And Productivity: Is Learning By Doing Over?,
2022
Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Faculty of Economics and Tourism "Dr. Mijo Mirković", PhD Candidate, Pula, Croatia
Innovation And Productivity: Is Learning By Doing Over?, Ružica Bukša Tezzele
Economic and Business Review
Labour productivity is one of the key measures of economic performance. It represents the total volume of output produced per unit of labour. This paper examines the influence of business investments in research and development and education on labour productivity using system dynamics modelling. The results reveal that investments in education and training activities generate higher labour productivity growth. The impact of innovations largely depends on their diffusion and adoption that require educated and trained users. The new industrial era makes learning by doing quietly disappear and demand a great flexibility of workers and their ability to rapidly acquire new …
The Economic And Business Case For Ensuring High-Quality Childcare And Preschool,
2022
W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
The Economic And Business Case For Ensuring High-Quality Childcare And Preschool, Timothy J. Bartik
Presentations
No abstract provided.
South Haven Community Health Assessment,
2022
W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
South Haven Community Health Assessment, Jim Robey, George Erickcek, Kathleen Bolter, Gerrit Anderson, Emily Boyle
Reports
No abstract provided.
Economic Impact Of Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School Of Medicine,
2022
W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
Economic Impact Of Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School Of Medicine, Jim Robey, Kathleen Bolter, W.E. Upjohn Institute For Employment Research
Reports
No abstract provided.
Monopsony In The U.S. Labor Market,
2022
Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond
Monopsony In The U.S. Labor Market, Chen Yeh, Claudia Macaluso, Brad J. Hershbein
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper quantifies the extent to which the U.S. manufacturing labor market is characterized by employer market power and how such market power has changed over time. We find that the vast majority of U.S. manufacturing plants operate in a monopsonistic environment and, at least since the early 2000s, the labor market in U.S. manufacturing has become more monopsonistic. To reach this conclusion, we exploit rich administrative data for U.S. manufacturers and estimate plant-level markdowns—the ratio between a plant’s marginal revenue product of labor and its wage. In a competitive labor market, markdowns would be equal to unity. Instead, we …
Monopsony In Manufacturing,
2022
Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond
Monopsony In Manufacturing, Chen Yeh, Claudia Macaluso, Brad J. Hershbein
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.
Ethical Ai Development: Evidence From Ai Startups,
2022
Boston University School of Law
Ethical Ai Development: Evidence From Ai Startups, James Bessen, Stephen Michael Impink, Lydia Reichensperger, Robert Seamans
Faculty Scholarship
Artificial Intelligence startups use training data as direct inputs in product development. These firms must balance numerous trade-offs between ethical issues and data access without substantive guidance from regulators or existing judicial precedence. We survey these startups to determine what actions they have taken to address these ethical issues and the consequences of those actions. We find that 58% of these startups have established a set of AI principles. Startups with data-sharing relationships with high-technology firms; that were impacted by privacy regulations; or with prior (non-seed) funding from institutional investors are more likely to establish ethical AI principles. Lastly, startups …
Why Aren’T People Leaving Janesville? Industry Persistence, Trade Shocks, And Mobility,
2022
Northwestern University
Why Aren’T People Leaving Janesville? Industry Persistence, Trade Shocks, And Mobility, Sebastian Ottinger, Michael Poyker
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Particular industries have dominated many locations in the United States for more than a century. We show that individuals residing in such locations were systematically less likely to move away from there during the past few decades. By identifying locations with sizable employment shares in the same manufacturing industries in 1870 and 1980, we documented less out-migration in the decades following 1980 than earlier. In response to the largest shock affecting manufacturing employment since then, these locations adjusted differently: the “China shock” led to higher unemployment in their communities, but fewer people moved away. Drawing on rich data of social …
How Receiving A Pell Grant Affects Students’ Work Hours,
2022
U.S. Military Academy and IZA
How Receiving A Pell Grant Affects Students’ Work Hours, Michael S. Kofoed
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.
Pell Grants And Labor Supply: Evidence From A Regression Kink,
2022
U.S. Military Academy and IZA
Pell Grants And Labor Supply: Evidence From A Regression Kink, Michael S. Kofoed
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
A concern in higher education policy is that students are taking longer to graduate. One possible reason for this observation is an increase in off-campus labor market participation among college students. Financial aid may play a role in the labor/study choice of college students—as college becomes more affordable, students my substitute away from work and toward increased study. I use data from the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS) to exploit nonlinearity in the Pell Grant formula to estimate a regression kink and regression discontinuity designs. I find that conditional on receiving the minimum of $550, students reduce their labor …
Seeking For And Returning To Overseas Work? Developments Surrounding Filipinos’ Return To Overseas Jobs Beside A Pandemic,
2022
Ateneo de Manila University
Seeking For And Returning To Overseas Work? Developments Surrounding Filipinos’ Return To Overseas Jobs Beside A Pandemic, Alvin P. Ang, Jeremaiah Opiniano
Economics Department Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Essays On Labor Economics,
2022
CUNY Graduate Center
Essays On Labor Economics, Gabriel Movsesyan
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
In the first chapter, I evaluate the wage impacts from exogenous and endogenous peer effects within different metropolitan areas. I construct comparison groups for workers within the same industry and Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA) residence based on support from existing literature on social networks, and estimate peer and network effects in a spatial auto-regressive model with a network structure that in- corporates group fixed effects. Inclusion of these effects reveals that both observed and unobserved factors within each network have significant effects on individual outcomes. This is the first attempt to estimate the social effects on wages using the …
Place-Based Consequences Of Person-Based Transfers: Evidence From Recessions,
2022
W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
Place-Based Consequences Of Person-Based Transfers: Evidence From Recessions, Brad J. Hershbein, Bryan A. Stuart
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper studies how government transfers respond to changes in local economic activity that emerge during recessions. Local labor markets that experience greater employment losses during recessions face persistent relative decreases in earnings per capita. However, these areas also experience persistent increases in transfers per capita, which offset 16 percent of the earnings loss on average. The increase in transfers is driven by unemployment insurance in the short run, and medical, retirement, and disability transfers in the long run. Our results show that nominally place-neutral transfer programs redistribute considerable sums of money to places with depressed economic conditions.
Place-Based Consequences Of Person-Based Transfers,
2022
W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
Place-Based Consequences Of Person-Based Transfers, Brad J. Hershbein, Bryan A. Stuart
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.
Wage Posting Or Wage Bargaining?: A Test Using Dual Jobholders,
2022
W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
Wage Posting Or Wage Bargaining?: A Test Using Dual Jobholders, Marta Lachowska, Alexandre Mas, Raffaele Saggio, Stephen A. Woodbury
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Isolated States Of America: State Borders, Mobility, And Labor Markets,
2022
Brigham Young University
Isolated States Of America: State Borders, Mobility, And Labor Markets, Riley Wilson
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
How Reliable Are Administrative Reports Of Paid Work Hours?,
2022
W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
How Reliable Are Administrative Reports Of Paid Work Hours?, Marta Lachowska, Alexandre Mas, Stephen A. Woodbury
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper examines the quality of quarterly records on work hours collected from employers in the State of Washington to administer the unemployment insurance (UI) system, specifically to determine eligibility for UI. We subject the administrative records to four “trials,” all of which suggest the records reliably measure paid hours of work. First, distributions of hours in the administrative records and Current Population Survey outgoing rotation groups (CPS) both suggest that 52–54% of workers work approximately 40 hours per week. Second, in the administrative records, quarter-to-quarter changes in the log of earnings are highly correlated with quarter-to-quarter changes in the …
Wage Posting Or Wage Bargaining?: A Test Using Dual Jobholders,
2022
W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
Wage Posting Or Wage Bargaining?: A Test Using Dual Jobholders, Marta Lachowska, Alexandre Mas, Raffaele Saggio, Stephen A. Woodbury
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.
