Labor Economics Commons^™

Gender Wage Gap And Commuting Time: An Empirical Analysis In The Jakarta Metropolitan Area, Thiraffi Akhsananta Abdillah, Ariska Nurfajar Rini, Okki Alfianto

Jurnal Ekonomi Kependudukan dan Keluarga

This study aims to analyze the role of commuting time in explaining the gender wage gap in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area. This study presents an analysis of the gender wage gap as well as its explained and unexplained components using the Blinder-Oaxaca method with data provided by 2019 Jakarta Metropolitan Area Commuter Survey. The addition of commuting time as one of the explanatory factors is a novel aspect of the analysis. Two different methods known as ordinary least squares and the Heckman selection model are used to estimate wage equality for men and women. Depending on the methodology, estimates of …

The Vulnerability Of Youths Labor Market During Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence From The Indonesia’S Labor Force Survey, Qisha Quarina, Ariqoh Wahyu Armadhani, Akmal Shalahuddin, Owen Alberto Liem

Jurnal Ekonomi Kependudukan dan Keluarga

This study aims to investigate the youth labor market vulnerability during COVID-19 pandemic crisis in Indonesia in terms of their incidence of unemployment, duration of job search, and the probability to experience work stoppage. We utilize the Indonesian Labor Force Survey in the periods of 2019-2021, to capture the period before and during the pandemic. A descriptive analysis is used to provide an overview of the youth labor market condition before and during the pandemic. The incidence of unemployment and the job search duration analyses are investigated utilizing the probit and non-parametric Kaplan-Meier method respectively. While the probability of experiencing …

Assessing The Impact Of Informal Sector Employment On Young Less-Educated Workers, Javier Cano-Urbina, John Gibson

Hunt Institute Working Paper Series

In this paper, we develop a search and matching model that allows for two important channels through which participation in the informal sector may benefit young less- educated workers: (i) human capital accumulation, and (ii) employer screening. We calibrate our model using the ENOE, a Mexican household survey on income and labor dynamics. Using our calibrated model, we shed light on many unobservable characteristics of the Mexican labor market for young less-educated workers, most notably the di↵ering hiring standards for informal and formal jobs. Specifically, hiring standards for these workers are found to be substantially higher for formal versus informal …

Effects Of Child Care Vouchers On Price, Quantity, And Provider Turnover In Private Care Markets, Won Fy Lee, Aaron Sojourner, Elizabeth E. Davis, Jonathan Borowsky

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Harnessing changes in funding for a voucher program that subsidizes consumers’ use of child care services at private providers, this study quantifies effects on local markets’ service capacity and prices. We also estimate how increased funding effects provider entry rate, exit rate, and highly rated provider market share. The evidence shows that an additional $100 in private voucher funding per local young child would 1) raise the number of private-provider slots by 0.026 per local young child, 2) raise average prices by $0.56 per week, mainly driven by a price increase among incumbent providers, and 3) induce new provider entry …

Effects Of Subsidies On The Child Care Market: Large Increases In Capacity, Small Increases In Price, Won Fy Lee, Aaron Sojourner, Elizabeth E. Davis, Jonathan Borowsky

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.

Survey Of The Labor Market For New Ph.D. Hires In Economics 2024-2025, Kashfia Kamal, Mervin Jebaraj, Raja Kali

Labor Market Survey

This year, the survey questionnaire was sent to 549 organizations. Questionnaires were returned by 136 organizations (24.8 percent). Of this year’s responses, 80 (58.8 percent) were from those who responded to the last survey conducted for the 2023-24 academic year. Among the academic institutions responding, the distribution of highest degrees offered was as follows: Ph.D.—44.9 percent; Master’s—8.1 percent and Bachelor’s—45.6 percent.

The responses are reported for all respondents, and separately for Ph.D. Degree granting institutions and for schools whose highest degree offered is the Bachelor’s or Master’s Degree. Data for the top 30 institutions in the revised National Research Council’s …

Caste-Ethnicity Based Disparities In The Labor Market: Evidence From Panel Household Surveys In Nepal, Rajendra Dulal, Shankar Ghimire, Kul Kapri

Pennsylvania Economic Review

This paper examines labor market disparities across various caste-ethnic groups in Nepal using the 2004 and 2011 Nepal Living Standards Survey data. We study annual wage and salary employment to identify the disparities at both the individual and group levels. First, we use panel regression to capture the disparities in wage and employment and then employ the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method to identify the determinants of these disparities across various caste-ethnic groups. The results show that individual, household, and caste-ethnicity specific factors are all critical determinants of labor market outcomes. The results indicate education as a key contributor to employment disparities …

Daca, Mobility Investments, And Economic Outcomes Of Immigrants And Natives, Jimena Villanueva Kiser, Riley Wilson

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Exploiting variation created by Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), we document the effects of immigrant legalization on immigrant mobility investments and economic outcomes. We provide new evidence that DACA increased both geographic and job mobility of young immigrants, often leading them to high-paying labor markets and licensed occupations. We then examine whether these gains to immigrants spill over and affect labor market outcomes of U.S.-born workers. Exploiting immigrant enclaves and source-country flows of DACA-eligible immigrants to isolate plausibly exogenous variation in the concentration of DACA recipients, we show that in labor markets where more of the working-age population can …

Daca, Mobility Investments, And Economic Outcomes Of Immigrants And Natives, Jimena Villanueva Kiser, Riley Wilson

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.

Female Labor Force Rates In South Asia, Shagufta Haque, Caleb Johnson

Pennsylvania Economic Review

Female labor force participation rates are an important element of emerging markets. Yet, there have been relatively few analyses of female labor force participation among countries in Asia. This study investigates the demographic, economic, and global factors that determine the female labor force participation rates (FLFPR) in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan with a panel data sample of annual data ranging from 2000-2019. Based on the results of a Hausman (1978) test, a two-way fixed effects model is estimated to account for unobserved country-specific and time-specific heterogeneity. Explanatory variables include remittances, internet access, fertility rates, inflation rates, school enrollment rates, foreign …

Grads On The Go: Measuring College-Specific Labor Markets For Graduates, Johnathan G. Conzelmann, Steven W. Hemelt, Brad J. Hershbein, Shawn Martin, Andrew Simon, Kevin M. Stange

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper introduces a new measure of the labor markets served by colleges and universities across the United States. About 50 percent of recent college graduates are living and working in the metro area nearest the institution they attended, with this figure climbing to 67 percent in-state. The geographic dispersion of alumni is more than twice as great for highly selective 4-year institutions as for 2-year institutions. However, more than one-quarter of 2-year institutions disperse alumni more diversely than the average public 4-year institution. In one application of these data, we find that the average strength of the labor market …

New Data Show How Far Graduates Move From Their College, And Why It Matters, Johnathan G. Conzelmann, Steven W. Hemelt, Brad J. Hershbein, Shawn Martin, Andrew Simon, Kevin M. Stange

Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs

No abstract provided.

Labour Force Participation And Type Of Work Older Persons In Vietnam Before And During Covid-19, Trieu Thi Phuong, Pataporn Sukontamarn

Journal of Demography

Vietnam is ageing rapidly and is predicted to enter an aged society within the next fifteen years, posing a major challenge for a lower middle-income nation with an incomplete social security system. Supporting older persons to continue working can be a reasonable strategy to ensure their life quality and reduce the burden on the national social security system. Our study aims to investigate the determinants of older persons’ participation in the labour force and their type of work. Based on the 2018 and 2020 Vietnam Housing and Living Standard surveys, health problems, pension status, and level of education significantly explain …

Exploring The Drivers Of Internal Labour Migration For The Regions Of Great Britain, Heather Dickey, Maire Carroline Magante

Economics Department Faculty Publications

The role of internal migration in reducing regional inequalities is a common feature of classical economic theory and urban economics models. If regional migration is important in reducing spatial disparities, then understanding its causes, and barriers, is crucial. This paper explores the drivers of regional migration behaviour in Great Britain. Findings point to rigidities in housing that deter mobility across regions; and regional differences in the drivers and effects of regional migration. Our paper supports greater focus on spatial disaggregation, since migration studies conducted at the national level ignore important spatial differences in migration behaviour.

Decoding Job Market Trends: Chatgpt’S Influence On Soft And Hard Skill Demands, Larkin Barnard-Bahn

Scripps Senior Theses

As the abilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI) grow, automation anxiety (the fear of being replaced by technology) has plagued the workforce—especially after the launch of the advanced Generative AI tool ChatGPT. To avoid structural unemployment, workers may need to invest in developing skills not easily replaced by AI. Some scholars argue that AI is less able to replicate soft skills than hard skills, but the literature lacks studies that indicate a causal effect across industries and occupations. This paper investigates how the public release of ChatGPT has influenced the demand for soft skills relative to hard skills in the U.S. …

Effects Of The Homegrown Player Rule In The English Premier League: A Comprehensive Analysis Of Squad Composition, Market Values, And Wages, Jiho "Brian" Jun

Pitzer Senior Theses

This paper uses theoretical frameworks from economics and sports management to investigate the transformative effects of the Homegrown Player Rule on English Premier League squad dynamics, market valuations, and wage structures. The study examines the evolution of homegrown player distribution across clubs from the rule’s implementation in 2010 to the most recent season in 2023. My analysis of market values and wages finds no evidence that the rule leads to possible market value and wage rate disparities between homegrown and non-homegrown players. Subsequent research shows evidence of a decrease in the real wage rate of homegrown players over time, contrasting …

Senior Mental Health Clinicians’ Understanding Of Their Self-Efficacy While Providing Services At Community-Based Agencies, Rukiya Symister

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Many mental health clinicians strive to provide their clients with rehabilitative and psychotherapy services resulting in a client gaining stable income and housing. However, the role of a senior mental health clinician (SMHC) is not without its challenges of trying to balance their well-being while dealing with increased coworker turnover, demanding caseloads, and limited access to community resources to provide clients with getting their lives back on track, thereby impacting clinicians’ understanding of their self-efficacy. Much of the research on self-efficacy has focused on mental health clients, mental health graduate students, and mental health trainees, often leaving out the lived …

Giving Workers The 'Green Light': Defining Green Jobs And Exploring Their Distribution In The Us, Cole Fuller

Honors Theses and Capstones

As the United States continues to adopt sustainable practices and policies to combat climate change, it is important to consider how these green changes affect the workforce. The term ‘Green Jobs’ has become the colloquial term to refer to sustainable occupations, and despite its popularity in the literature, it often has different meanings in different settings. Our first goal was to explore these definitions and establish one to contextualize our research. We used data from the Occupational Information Network, and used their green job definition, which classifies jobs as green if, and how, they are impacted by the greening economy. …

Factors Affecting The Adoption Of Information Technology In Medium And Small Enterprises: A Case Study In Mekong Delta, Vietnam, Thy-Lieu Nguyen-Thi, Duy-Dong Le, Kieu-Chinh Nguyen-Ly, Trung-Tien Nguyen, Mohamed Saleem Haja Nazmudeen

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

This research endeavors to discern the determinants influencing the adoption of information technology in the management practices of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) situ-ated within the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. Leveraging the Unified Theory of Ac-ceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), PLS-SEM, and ANN models, this study ranks the pivotal factors that impact the decision to integrate information technology into SME management. The identified factors, in order of significance, encompass (1) Support from State Agencies, (2) Managerial Qualifications, (3) Competitive Landscape, (4) Enterprise Scale, and (5) Employee Qualifications. The investigation encompasses 496 SMEs across the Mekong Delta and evaluates …

How Do Pay Transparency Laws Impact The Gender Pay Gap In The United States?, Kendall Chapko

CMC Senior Theses

After much progress during the late 1900s, the gender pay gap has hardly closed in the last two decades. As policy makers look for new solutions, many governing bodies have turned to pay transparency laws, which make employee salaries transparent to employees. There have been several international studies on this topic, and almost all found that these laws are very effective in decreasing the pay gap. This research is extremely important, as it suggests that these policies push us further towards equality, and makes gender based discrimination less common in the workplace. In my study, I conduct a difference in …