The Participating Mind In The Quantum Universe,
2018
Chapman University
The Participating Mind In The Quantum Universe, Menas Kafatos, Keun-Hang Susan Yang
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
The Orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics, which followed the Copenhagen Interpretation but was enhanced by primarily Werner Heisenberg and John von Neumann into a fully developed theory, brought in, among others, the role of measurement, available choices and response of the quantum system. It is, more consistent and clear than other interpretations of quantum mechanics as it provides account of the interactions of observers with the external world. As such, the Orthodox interpretation does a lot more than just account for physical interactions in the atomic world, which was the original goal of quantum mechanics in the early part of …
First-Principles Investigation Of The Interfacial Properties Of Boron Nitride,
2018
Michigan Technological University
First-Principles Investigation Of The Interfacial Properties Of Boron Nitride, Kevin Waters
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
The interactions of nanomaterial surfaces with biological compounds, e.g. proteins, DNA, etc., unites the biological regime and nanomaterial world. Hybrid systems of boron-nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and biological compounds are well-suited for a broad range of applications. First-principles methods are used to characterize the interface of these hybrid systems. Previous work has shown that the sensing capabilities of pristine BNNT are limited by long-ranged interactions. In this study the surfaces of pristine and functionalized BNNTs are investigated. The surfaces of the functionalized BNNTs give new properties to the tubes, which may enhance their sensing capabilities, while retaining their stability and chemical …
Generalizable Modeling Of Charge Transport In Single Electron Transistor Devices: Application To Thermal Sensitivity In Semiconducting Island Systems,
2018
Michigan Technological University
Generalizable Modeling Of Charge Transport In Single Electron Transistor Devices: Application To Thermal Sensitivity In Semiconducting Island Systems, Paniz Khanmohammadi Hazaveh
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Electronic devices, especially MOSFETs, have been dimensionally scaled down to enhance operation of integrated circuits, addressing challenges such as current leakage, fluctuation of intrinsic semiconductor properties, and power dissipation. Reaching dimensions below 20 nm, there are fundamental limitations that are difficult to overcome, driving alternative device paradigms to be sought utilizing the quantum mechanical behavior of electrons. Single electron transistor (SET) devices are examples of a new generation of low-power transistors designed to transport information via single electron tunneling through one or more islands separated by tunnel junctions. Experimentally explored SET devices have shown that there are advantages to using …
Magnetic Field Design To Reduce Systematic Effects In Neutron Electric Dipole Moment Measurements,
2018
University of Kentucky
Magnetic Field Design To Reduce Systematic Effects In Neutron Electric Dipole Moment Measurements, James Ryan Dadisman
Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy
Charge-Conjugation (C) and Charge-Conjugation-Parity (CP) Violation is one of the three Sakharov conditions to explain via baryogenesis the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU). The Standard Model of particle physics (SM) contains sources of CP violation, but cannot explain the BAU. This motivates searches for new physics beyond the standard model (BSM) which address the Sakharov criteria, including high-precision searches for new sources of CPV in systems for which the SM contribution is small, but larger effects may be present in BSM theories. A promising example is the search for the electric dipole moment of the neutron (nEDM), which …
Producing Smooth Flow In Atom Circuits By Stirring,
2018
Georgia Southern University
Producing Smooth Flow In Atom Circuits By Stirring, Olatunde Oladehin
College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations
We studied how smooth flow can be produced by stirring an ultracold atom circuit consisting of a gaseous Bose--Einstein condensate (BEC) confined in a ``racetrack'' potential. The racetrack potential was made up of two straight parallel channels of length L connected on both ends by semicircular channels of the same width and (energy) depth as the straightaways. We used the Gross--Pitaevskii equation to simulate the behavior of the BEC in this potential when stirred by a rectangular paddle at various speeds and barrier heights. We found that smooth flow could be produced and conducted a systematic study of the flow …
Isoscalar Ππ; Kk; Ηη Scattering And The Σ; F0; F2 Mesons From Qcd,
2018
Old Dominion University
Isoscalar Ππ; Kk; Ηη Scattering And The Σ; F0; F2 Mesons From Qcd, Raul A. Briceño, Jozef J. Dudek, Robert G. Edwards, David J. Wilson
Physics Faculty Publications
We present the first lattice QCD study of coupled isoscalar ππ;K ¯K; ηη S- and D-wave scattering extracted from discrete finite-volume spectra computed on lattices which have a value of the light quark mass corresponding to mπ ∼ 391 MeV. In the JP = 0+ sector we find analogues of the experimental σ and f0 (980) states, where the σ appears as a stable bound-state below ππ threshold, and, similar to what is seen in experiment, the f0 (980) manifests itself as a dip in the ππ cross section in the vicinity of the …
Resonances From Lattice Qcd,
2018
Old Dominion University
Resonances From Lattice Qcd, Raúl A. Briceño
Physics Faculty Publications
The spectrum of hadron is mainly composed as shortly-lived states (resonance) that decay onto two or more hadrons. These resonances play an important role in a variety of phenomenologically significant processes. In this talk, I give an overview on the present status of a rigorous program for studying of resonances and their properties using lattice QCD. I explain the formalism needed for extracting resonant amplitudes from the finite-volume spectra. From these one can extract the masses and widths of resonances. I present some recent examples that illustrate the power of these ideas. I then explain similar formalism that allows for …
Scattering Processes And Resonances From Lattice Qcd,
2018
Old Dominion University
Scattering Processes And Resonances From Lattice Qcd, Raúl A. Briceño, Jozef J. Dudek, Ross D. Young
Physics Faculty Publications
The vast majority of hadrons observed in nature are not stable under the strong interaction; rather they are resonances whose existence is deduced from enhancements in the energy dependence of scattering amplitudes. The study of hadron resonances offers a window into the workings of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in the low-energy nonperturbative region, and in addition many probes of the limits of the electroweak sector of the standard model consider processes which feature hadron resonances. From a theoretical standpoint, this is a challenging field: the same dynamics that binds quarks and gluons into hadron resonances also controls their decay into lighter …
Octet Baryons In Large Magnetic Fields,
2018
CUNY City College
Octet Baryons In Large Magnetic Fields, Amol Deshmukh, Brian C. Tiburzi
Publications and Research
Magnetic properties of octet baryons are investigated within the framework of chiral perturbation theory. Utilizing a power counting for large magnetic fields, the Landau levels of charged mesons are treated exactly giving rise to baryon energies that depend nonanalytically on the strength of the magnetic field. In the small-field limit, baryon magnetic moments and polarizabilities emerge from the calculated energies. We argue that the magnetic polarizabilities of hyperons provide a testing ground for potentially large contributions from decuplet pole diagrams. In external magnetic fields, such contributions manifest themselves through decuplet-octet mixing, for which possible results are compared in a few …
Prompt Photon-Jet Angular Correlations At Central Rapidities In P + A Collisions,
2018
University of Zagreb
Prompt Photon-Jet Angular Correlations At Central Rapidities In P + A Collisions, Sanjin Benić, Adrian Dumitru
Publications and Research
Photon-jet azimuthal correlations in proton-nucleus collisions are a promising tool for gaining information on the gluon distribution of the nucleus in the regime of nonlinear color fields. We compute such correlations from the process $g → q\bar{q}γ$ in the rapidity regime where both the projectile and target light-cone momentum fractions are small. By integrating over the phase space of the quark which emits the photon, subject to the restriction that the photon picks up most of the transverse momentum (to pass an isolation cut), we effectively obtain a g + A → qγ process. For nearly back-to-back photon-jet configurations we …
Geometroneurodynamics And Neuroscience,
2018
Chapman University
Geometroneurodynamics And Neuroscience, Keun-Hang Susan Yang, Menas Kafatos
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
The Orthodox Interpretation of quantum mechanics, as developed by many physicists, particularly John von Neumann, addresses the role of measurement, available choices and response of the quantum system to questions posed by an observer in specific quantum laboratory experiments. As such, it is, more consistent and clearer than other interpretations of quantum mechanics and it provides an account of the interactions of observers with the external world. However, in order to explore whether quantum mechanics plays a role in the brain, which is the primary issue, one has to examine the applicability of Hilbert space structure as a valid geometric …
Interaction-Free Effects Between Distant Atoms,
2017
Chapman University
Interaction-Free Effects Between Distant Atoms, Yakir Aharonov, Eliahu Cohen, Avshalom C. Elitzur, Lee Smolin
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
A Gedanken experiment is presented where an excited and a ground-state atom are positioned such that, within the former’s half-life time, they exchange a photonwith 50% probability.Ameasurement of their energy statewill therefore indicate in 50% of the cases that no photon was exchanged. Yet other measurements would reveal that, by the mere possibility of exchange, the two atoms have become entangled. Consequently, the “no exchange” result, apparently precluding entanglement, is non-locally established between the atoms by this very entanglement. This quantum-mechanical version of the ancient Liar Paradox can be realized with already existing transmission schemes, with the addition of Bell’s …
Past Observable Dynamics Of A Continuously Monitored Qubit,
2017
Chapman University
Past Observable Dynamics Of A Continuously Monitored Qubit, Luis Pedro García-Pinto, Justin Dressel
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Monitoring a quantum observable continuously in time produces a stochastic measurement record that noisily tracks the observable. For a classical process, such noise may be reduced to recover an average signal by minimizing the mean squared error between the noisy record and a smooth dynamical estimate. We show that for a monitored qubit, this usual procedure returns unusual results. While the record seems centered on the expectation value of the observable during causal generation, examining the collected past record reveals that it better approximates a moving-mean Gaussian stochastic process centered at a distinct (smoothed) observable estimate. We show that this …
Flow Anisotropy Due To Thread-Like Nanoparticle Agglomerations In Dilute Ferrofluids,
2017
Montclair State University
Flow Anisotropy Due To Thread-Like Nanoparticle Agglomerations In Dilute Ferrofluids, Alexander Cali, Wah-Keat Lee, A. David Trubatch, Philip Yecko
Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Improved knowledge of the magnetic field dependent flow properties of nanoparticle-based magnetic fluids is critical to the design of biomedical applications, including drug delivery and cell sorting. To probe the rheology of ferrofluid on a sub-millimeter scale, we examine the paths of 550 μm diameter glass spheres falling due to gravity in dilute ferrofluid, imposing a uniform magnetic field at an angle with respect to the vertical. Visualization of the spheres’ trajectories is achieved using high resolution X-ray phase-contrast imaging, allowing measurement of a terminal velocity while simultaneously revealing the formation of an array of long thread-like accumulations of magnetic …
Arrow Of Time For Continuous Quantum Measurement,
2017
Chapman University
Arrow Of Time For Continuous Quantum Measurement, Justin Dressel, Areeya Chantasri, Andrew N. Jordan, Alexander N. Korotkov
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
We investigate the statistical arrow of time for a quantum system being monitored by a sequence of measurements. For a continuous qubit measurement example, we demonstrate that time-reversed evolution is always physically possible, provided that the measurement record is also negated. Despite this restoration of dynamical reversibility, a statistical arrow of time emerges, and may be quantified by the log-likelihood difference between forward and backward propagation hypotheses. We then show that such reversibility is a universal feature of nonprojective measurements, with forward or backward Janus measurement sequences that are time-reversed inverses of each other.
Mode-Sum Prescription For Vacuum Polarization In Black Hole Spacetimes In Even Dimensions,
2017
Dublin City University
Mode-Sum Prescription For Vacuum Polarization In Black Hole Spacetimes In Even Dimensions, Peter Taylor, Cormac Doran
Articles
We present a mode-sum regularization prescription for computing the vacuum polarization of a scalar field in static spherically symmetric black hole spacetimes in even dimensions. This is the first general and systematic approach to regularized vacuum polarization in higher even dimensions, building upon a previous scheme we developed for odd dimensions. Things are more complicated here since the even-dimensional propagator possesses logarithmic singularities which must be regularized. However, in spite of this complication, the regularization parameters can be computed in closed form in arbitrary even dimensions and for arbitrary metric function f(r). As an explicit example of our method, we …
Spin Mode Switching At The Edge Of A Quantum Hall System,
2017
Homi Bhabha National Institute, India
Spin Mode Switching At The Edge Of A Quantum Hall System, Udit Khanna, Ganpathy Murthy, Sumathi Rao, Yuval Gefen
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
Quantum Hall states can be characterized by their chiral edge modes. Upon softening the edge potential, the edge has long been known to undergo spontaneous reconstruction driven by charging effects. In this Letter we demonstrate a qualitatively distinct phenomenon driven by exchange effects, in which the ordering of the edge modes at ν = 3 switches abruptly as the edge potential is made softer, while the ordering in the bulk remains intact. We demonstrate that this phenomenon is robust, and has many verifiable experimental signatures in transport.
Energy-Constrained Quantum Communication And Digital Dynamical Decoupling,
2017
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Energy-Constrained Quantum Communication And Digital Dynamical Decoupling, Haoyu Qi
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
This is a two-part thesis glued together by an everlasting theme in Quantum Information Science \-- to save the quantum state, or the information stored in it, from unavoidably environment-induced noise. The first part of this thesis studies the ultimate rate of reliably transmitting information, stored in quantum systems, through a noisy evolution. Specifically, we consider communication over optical links, upon which future inter-city quantum communication networks will be built. We show how to treat the infinite-dimensional bosonic system rigorously and establish the theory of energy-constrained private and quantum communication over quantum channels. Our result represents important progress in the …
Evolution Of Superoscillations For Schrödinger Equation In A Uniform Magnetic Field,
2017
Politecnico di Milano
Evolution Of Superoscillations For Schrödinger Equation In A Uniform Magnetic Field, Fabrizio Colombo, Jonathan Gantner, Daniele C. Struppa
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Aharonov-Berry superoscillations are band-limited functions that oscillate faster than their fastest Fourier component. Superoscillations appear in several fields of science and technology, such as Aharonov’s weak measurement in quantum mechanics, in optics, and in signal processing. An important issue is the study of the evolution of superoscillations using the Schrödinger equation when the initial datum is a weak value. Some superoscillatory functions are not square integrable, but they are real analytic functions that can be extended to entire holomorphic functions. This fact leads to the study of the continuity of a class of convolution operators acting on suitable spaces of …
Sheaf Theoretic Formulation For Consciousness And Qualia And Relationship To The Idealism Of Non-Dual Philosophies,
2017
Chapman University
Sheaf Theoretic Formulation For Consciousness And Qualia And Relationship To The Idealism Of Non-Dual Philosophies, Menas Kafatos, Goro Kato
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Questions about the nature of reality, whether Consciousness is the fundamental reality in the universe, and what is Consciousness itself, have no answer in systems that assume an external reality independent of Consciousness. Ultimately, the ontological foundation of such systems is the absolute division of subject and object. We advocate instead what we consider to be an approach that is in agreement with the foundation of quantum reality, which is based on Rāmānuja’s version of Vedanta philosophy and non-dual Kashmir Śaivism. Quantum mechanics opened the door to consciousness, but it cannot account for consciousness. However, the quantum measurement problem implies …
