Quantum Physics Commons^™

Photo-Induced Fluorescence Enhancement, Corrado Harper

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

Electron Correlations In An Excited State Of A Quantum Dot In A Uniform Magnetic Field, Marlina Slamet, Viraht Sahni

Publications and Research

Electron correlations in a two-electron two-dimensional ‘artificial atom’ or quantum dot (with harmonic confining potential) in the presence of a uniform magnetic field in an excited singlet state are studied via quantal density functional theory (QDFT). QDFT allows for the separation of the electron correlations due to the Pauli exclusion principle and Coulomb repulsion, as well as the determination of the contribution of these correlations to the kinetic energy. The QDFT mapping is from the excited state of the quantum dot to one of noninteracting fermions in their ground state possessing the same basic variables of the density and physical …

Generalization Of The Schrödinger Theory Of Electrons, Viraht Sahni

Publications and Research

The Schrödinger theory for a system of electrons in the presence of both a static and time-dependent electromagnetic field is generalized so as to exhibit the intrinsic self-consistent nature of the corresponding Schrödinger equations. This is accomplished by proving that the Hamiltonian in the stationary-state and time-dependent cases {\hat{H}; \hat{H}(t)} are exactly known functionals of the corresponding wave functions {\Psi; \Psi(t)}, i.e. \hat{H} = \hat{H}[\Psi] and \hat{H}(t) = \hat{H}[\Psi(t)]. Thus, the Schrödinger equations may be written as \hat{H}[\Psi]\Psi = E[\Psi]\Psi and \hat{H}[\Psi(t)]\Psi(t) = i\partial\Psi(t)/\partial t. As a consequence the eiegenfunctions and energy eigenvalues {\Psi; E} of the stationary-state equation, and …

Schrödinger Theory Of Electrons In Electromagnetic Fields: New Perspectives, Viraht Sahni, Xiao-Yin Pan

Publications and Research

The Schrödinger theory of electrons in an external electromagnetic field is described from the new perspective of the individual electron. The perspective is arrived at via the time-dependent "Quantal Newtonian" law (or differential virial theorem). (The time-independent law, a special case, provides a similar description of stationary-state theory). These laws are in terms of "classical" fields whose sources are quantal expectations of Hermitian operators taken with respect to the wave function. The laws reveal the following physics: (a) in addition to the external field, each electron experiences an internal field whose components are representative of a specific property of the …

Operator Locality In The Quantum Simulation Of Fermionic Models, Vojtěch Havlíček, Matthias Troyer, James D. Whitfield

Dartmouth Scholarship

Simulating fermionic lattice models with qubits requires mapping fermionic degrees of freedom to qubits. The simplest method for this task, the Jordan-Wigner transformation, yields strings of Pauli operators acting on an extensive number of qubits. This overhead can be a hindrance to implementation of qubit-based quantum simulators, especially in the analog context. Here we thus review and analyze alternative fermion-to-qubit mappings, including the two approaches by Bravyi and Kitaev and the Auxiliary Fermion transformation. The Bravyi-Kitaev transform is reformulated in terms of a classical data structure and generalized to achieve a further locality improvement for local fermionic models on a …

Isoscalar 𝜋𝜋 Scattering And The Σ Meson Resonance From Qcd, Raúl A. Briceño, Jozef J. Dudek, Robert G. Edwards, David J. Wilson

Physics Faculty Publications

We present for the first time a determination of the energy dependence of the isoscalar ππ elastic scattering phase shift within a first-principles numerical lattice approach to QCD. Hadronic correlation functions are computed including all required quark propagation diagrams, and from these the discrete spectrum of states in the finite volume defined by the lattice boundary is extracted. From the volume dependence of the spectrum, we obtain the S-wave phase shift up to the KK¯ threshold. Calculations are performed at two values of the u, d quark mass corresponding to m_π=236,391  MeV, and the resulting amplitudes …

Role Of The Euclidean Signature In Lattice Calculations Of Quasidistributions And Other Nonlocal Matrix Elements, Raúl A. Briceño, Maxwell T. Hansen, Christopher J. Monahan

Physics Faculty Publications

Lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) provides the only known systematic, nonperturbative method for first-principles calculations of nucleon structure. However, for quantities such as light-front parton distribution functions (PDFs) and generalized parton distributions (GPDs), the restriction to Euclidean time prevents direct calculation of the desired observable. Recently, progress has been made in relating these quantities to matrix elements of spatially nonlocal, zero-time operators, referred to as quasidistributions. Still, even for these time-independent matrix elements, potential subtleties have been identified in the role of the Euclidean signature. In this work, we investigate the analytic behavior of spatially nonlocal correlation functions and demonstrate that …

Relating The Finite-Volume Spectrum And The Two And Three-Particle S Matrix For Relativistic Systems Of Identical Scalar Particles, Raúl Briceño, Maxwell T. Hansen, Stephen R. Sharpe

Physics Faculty Publications

Working in relativistic quantum field theory, we derive the quantization condition satisfied by coupled two- and three-particle systems of identical scalar particles confined to a cubic spatial volume with periodicity L. This gives the relation between the finite-volume spectrum and the infinite-volume 2 → 2, 2 → 3, and 3 → 3 scattering amplitudes for such theories. The result holds for relativistic systems composed of scalar particles with nonzero mass m, whose center of mass energy lies below the four-particle threshold, and for which the two-particle K matrix has no singularities below the three-particle threshold. The quantization condition is exact …

Quasi-Parton Distribution Fuctions, Momentum Distributions, And Pseudo-Parton Distribution Functions, A. V. Radyushkin

Physics Faculty Publications

We show that quasi-parton distribution functions (quasi-PDFs) may be treated as hybrids of PDFs and primordial rest-frame momentum distributions of partons. This results in a complicated convolution nature of quasi-PDFs that necessitates using large p3 ≳ 3 GeV momenta to get reasonably close to the PDF limit. As an alternative approach, we propose using pseudo-PDFs P(x, z²₃) that generalize the light-front PDFs onto spacelike intervals and are related to Ioffe-time distributions M(v, z²₃), the functions of the Ioffe time v = p₃z₃ and the distance parameter z²₃ with respect to which it …

Probing Quantumness With Joint Continuous Measurements Of Non-Commuting Observables, Luis Pedro García-Pintos, Justin Dressel

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We analyze the continuous measurement of two noncommuting observables for a qubit, and investigate whether the simultaneously observed noisy signals are consistent with the evolution of an equivalent classical system. Following the approach outlined by Leggett and Garg, we show that the readouts violate macrorealistic inequalities for arbitrarily short temporal correlations. Moreover, the derived inequalities are manifestly violated even in the absence of Hamiltonian evolution, unlike for Leggett-Garg inequalities that use a single continuous measurement. Such a violation should indicate the failure of at least one postulate of macrorealism: either physical quantities do not have well-defined values at all times …

Linear Feedback Stabilization For A Continuously Monitored Qubit, Taylor Lee Patti, A. Chantasri, Justin Dressel, A. N. Jordan

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

In quantum mechanics, standard or strong measurement approaches generally result in the collapse of an ensemble of wavefunctions into a stochastic mixture of eigenstates. On the other hand, continuous or weak measurements have the propensity to dynamically control the evolution of quantum states over time, guiding the trajectory of the state into non-trivial superpositions and maintaining state purity. This kind of measurement-induced state steering is of great theoretical and experimental interest for the harnessing of quantum bits or "qubits", which are the fundamental unit of the emerging quantum computer. We explore continuous measurement-based quantum state stabilization through linear feedback control …

A Generalized Polynomial Identity Arising From Quantum Mechanics, Shashikant B. Mulay, John J. Quinn, Mark A. Shattuck

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

We establish a general identity that expresses a Pfaffian of a certain matrix as a quotient of homogeneous polynomials. This identity arises in the study of weakly interacting many-body systems and its proof provides another way of realizing the equivalence of two proposed types of trial wave functions used to describe such systems. In the proof of our identity, we make use of only elementary linear algebra and combinatorics and thereby avoid use of more advanced conformal field theory in establishing the aforementioned equivalence.

Combinatorial Algorithms For Perturbation Theory And Application On Quantum Computing, Yudong Cao

Open Access Dissertations

Quantum computing is an emerging area between computer science and physics. Numerous problems in quantum computing involve quantum many-body interactions. This dissertation concerns the problem of simulating arbitrary quantum many-body interactions using realistic two-body interactions. To address this issue, a general class of techniques called perturbative reductions (or perturbative gadgets) is adopted from quantum complexity theory and in this dissertation these techniques are improved for experimental considerations. The idea of perturbative reduction is based on the mathematical machinery of perturbation theory in quantum physics. A central theme of this dissertation is then to analyze the combinatorial structure of the perturbation …

Discord And Global Discord In Systems Of Coupled Quantum Dots In Driven Cavities With Dissipation, And A Method For The Calculation Of Global Discord, Willa Danielle Rawlinson

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In the field of quantum information, which is subdivided into quantum computing and quantum cryptography, quantum correlations are essential for a performance or security boost not achievable with classical means. Various quantum correlation measures exist for evaluating a state’s potential to be a qubit (quantum bit). Entanglement, or nonseparability of quantum states, is the older, better known class of measures. However, for a mixed state, quantum entanglement is an incomplete measure of quantumness. Quantum discord, and its multibody extension global discord, encompass all quantum correlations. We study systems of coupled quantum dots using these measures.

We study the discord of …

Interactive Physics And Characteristics Of Photons And Photoelectrons In Hyperbranched Zinc Oxide Nanostructures, Garrett Edward Torix

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

As is commonly known, the world is full of technological wonders, where a multitude of electronic devices and instruments continuously help push the boundaries of scientific knowledge and discovery. These new devices and instruments of science must be utilized at peak efficiency in order to benefit humanity with the most advanced scientific knowledge. In order to attain this level of efficiency, the materials which make up these electronics, or possibly more important, the fundamental characteristics of these materials, must be fully understood. The following research attempted to uncover the properties and characteristics of a selected family of materials. Herein, zinc …

Properties Of The Schrödinger Theory Of Electrons In Electromagnetic Fields, Viraht Sahni, Xiao-Yin Pan

Publications and Research

The Schrödinger theory of electrons in an external electromagnetic field can be described from the perspective of the individual electron via the ‘Quantal Newtonian’ laws (or differential virial theorems). These laws are in terms of ‘classical’ fields whose sources are quantal expectations of Hermitian operators taken with respect to the wave function. The laws reveal the following physics: (a) In addition to the external field, each electron experiences an internal field whose components are representative of a specific property of the system such as the correlations due to the Pauli exclusion principle and Coulomb repulsion, the electron density, kinetic effects, …

Resonant Light Scattering From Semiconductor Quantum Dots, Kumarasiri Konthasinghe

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In this work, resonant laser spectroscopy has been utilized in two major projects --resonance fluorescence measurements in solid-state quantum-confined nanostructures and laser-induced fluorescence measurements in gases. The first project focuses on studying resonant light-matter interactions in semiconductor quantum dots "artificial atoms" with potential applications in quantum information science. Of primary interest is the understanding of fundamental processes and how they are affected by the solid-state matrix. Unlike atoms, quantum dots are susceptible to a variety of environmental influences such as phonon scattering and spectral diffusion. These interactions alter the desired properties of the scattered light and hinder uses in certain …

Neutron Correlations In The Decay Of The First Excited State Of 11li, Jenna K. Smith, Thomas J. Baumann, Daniel Bazin, James Brown, Paul A. Deyoung, Nathan H. Frank, Michael D. Jones, Zack Kohley, Bryan A. Luther, B. S. Marks, Artemis Spyrou, Sharon L. Stephenson, Michael R. Thoennessen, Alexander S. Volya

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

The decay of unbound excited ¹¹Li was measured after being populated by a two-proton removal from a ¹³B beam at 71 MeV/nucleon. Decay energy spectra and Jacobi plots were obtained from measurements of the momentum vectors of the ⁹Li fragment and neutrons. A resonance at an excitation energy of ∼1.2 MeV was observed. The kinematics of the decay are equally well fit by a simple dineutron-like model or a phase-space model that includes final state interactions. A sequential decay model can be excluded.

Art As A Tool In Quantum Mechanics, Zachary Vealey

Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research

Revolutions in scientific thought often have substantial societal consequences, however, cultural assimilation of the new idea is contingent on a widespread understanding. Historically recent developments in modern physics, such as quantum mechanics and general relativity, suffer from their notoriously perceived difficulty, thus hindering cultural assimilation. To address this issue, art can serve as a useful complement to a student studying quantum mechanics - especially through its interpretation of delocalized electron density. A cross-disciplinary approach affords a greater diversity in participation and consequently results in a broader scientific outreach.

Some 2-Categorical Aspects In Physics, Arthur Parzygnat

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

2-categories provide a useful transition point between ordinary category theory and infinity-category theory where one can perform concrete computations for applications in physics and at the same time provide rigorous formalism for mathematical structures appearing in physics. We survey three such broad instances. First, we describe two-dimensional algebra as a means of constructing non-abelian parallel transport along surfaces which can be used to describe strings charged under non-abelian gauge groups in string theory. Second, we formalize the notion of convex and cone categories, provide a preliminary categorical definition of entropy, and exhibit several examples. Thirdly, we provide a universal description …