Engineering Physics Commons^™

Artificial Intelligence For The Electron Ion Collider (Ai4eic), C. Allaire, R. Ammendola, E.-C. Aschenauer, M. Balandat, M. Battaglieri, J. Bernauer, M. Bondì, N. Branson, T. Britton, A. Butter, I. Chahrour, P. Chatagnon, E. Cisbani, E. W. Cline, S. Dash, C. Dean, W. Deconinck, A. Deshpande, M. Diefenthaler, R. Ent, C. Fanelli, M. Finger, M. Finger Jr., E. Fol, S. Furletov, Y. Gao, J. Giroux, N. C. Gunawardhana Waduge, O. Hassan, P. L. Hegde, R. J. Hernandez-Pinto, A. Hiller Blin, T. Horn, J. Huang, A. Jalotra, D. Jayakodige, B. Joo, M. Junaid, N. Kalantarians, P. Karande, B. Kriesten, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Y. Li, M. Lin, F. Liu, S. Liuti, G. Matousek, M. Mceneaney, D. Mcspadden, T. Menzo, T. Miceli, V. Mikuni, R. Montgomery, B. Nachman, R. R. Nair, J. Niestroy, S. A. Ochoa Oregon, J. Oleniacz, J. D. Osborn, C. Paudel, C. Pecar, C. Peng, G. N. Perdue, W. Phelps, M. L. Purschke, H. Rajendran, K. Rajput, Y. Ren, D. F. Renteria-Estrada, D. Richford, B. J. Roy, D. Roy, A. Saini, N. Sato, T. Satogata, G. Sborlini, M. Schram, D. Shih, J. Singh, R. Singh, A. Siodmok, J. Stevens, P. Stone, L. Suarez, K. Suresh, A. -N. Tawfik, F. Torales Acosta, N. Tran, R. Trotta, F. J. Twagirayezu, R. Tyson, S. Volkova, A. Vossen, E. Walter, D. Whiteson, M. Williams, S. Wu, N. Zachariou, P. Zurita

Computer Science Faculty Publications

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), a state-of-the-art facility for studying the strong force, is expected to begin commissioning its first experiments in 2028. This is an opportune time for artificial intelligence (AI) to be included from the start at this facility and in all phases that lead up to the experiments. The second annual workshop organized by the AI4EIC working group, which recently took place, centered on exploring all current and prospective application areas of AI for the EIC. This workshop is not only beneficial for the EIC, but also provides valuable insights for the newly established ePIC collaboration at EIC. …

Investigation Of Hot-Spots Due To Trapped Flux In Niobium Superconducting Radiofrequency Cavities, B. Khanal, P. Dhakal

Physics Faculty Publications

One of the significant sources of residual losses in superconducting radio-frequency cavities is magnetic flux trapped during the cool-down due to the incomplete Messier effect. If the trapped vortices are non-uniformly distributed on the cavity surface, the temperature mapping revealed the “hot-spots” at the location of high density of pinned vortices. Here, we performed a rf test on 1.3 GHz single cell cavity with the combination of the temperature mapping system. The temperature mapping reveled the development of the hot spots with the increase in rf field inside the cavity. When magnetic field is trapped locally on the surface of …

Beam Correction For Multi-Pass Arcs In Ffa@ Cebaf: Status Update, A. Coxe, J. F. Benesch, R.M. Bodenstein, K. E. Deitrick, K. Price, T. Satogata

Physics Faculty Publications

As design and simulation studies for the energy upgrade at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility progress, both static and dynamic errors must be addressed. The current upgrade design introduces a pair of Fixed-Field Alternating-Gradient (FFA) recirculating arcs: one in the East recirculating arc, and one in the West. In the present design, each FFA arc supports six concurrent beam energies in the same beam pipe; these must be concurrently corrected for both static and dynamic errors. This document discusses the present beam correction strategies applied in simulation.

Dual-Energy Electron Storage Ring, B. Dhital, Y. S. Derbenev, A. Hutton, H. Zhang, G. A. Krafft, Y. Zhang, F. Lin, V. S. Morozov

Physics Faculty Publications

A dual-energy electron storage ring is a novel concept initially proposed to cool hadron beams at high energies. The design consists of two closed rings operating at significantly different energies: the low-energy ring and the high-energy ring. These two rings are connected by an energy recovery linac (ERL) that provides the necessary energy difference. The ERL features superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities that first accelerate the beam from the low energy E_L to the high energy E_H and then decelerate the beam from E_H to E_L in the next pass. The different SRF cavities in the ERL …

Disaggregating Longer-Term Trends From Seasonal Variations In Measured Pv System Performance, Chibuisi Chinasaokwu Okorieimoh, Brian Norton, Michael Conlon

Articles

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are widely adopted for renewable energy generation, but their performance is influenced by complex interactions between longer-term trends and seasonal variations. This study aims to remove these factors and provide valuable insights for optimising PV system operation. We employ comprehensive datasets of measured PV system performance over five years, focusing on identifying the distinct contributions of longer-term trends and seasonal effects. To achieve this, we develop a novel analytical framework that combines time series and statistical analytical techniques. By applying this framework to the extensive performance data, we successfully break down the overall PV system output into …

Numerical Study Of Owls' Leading-Edge Serrations, Asif Shahriar Nafi, Nikolaos Beratlis, Elias Balaras, Roi Gurka

Physics and Engineering Science

Owls' silent flight is commonly attributed to their special wing morphology combined with wingbeat kinematics. One of these special morphological features is known as the leading-edge serrations: rigid miniature hook-like patterns found at the primaries of the wings' leading-edge. It has been hypothesized that leading-edge serrations function as a passive flow control mechanism, impacting the aerodynamic performance. To elucidate the flow physics associated with owls' leading-edge serrations, we investigate the flow-field characteristic around a barn owl wing with serrated leading-edge geometry positioned at 20° angle of attack for a Reynolds number of 40 000. We use direct numerical simulations, where …

Advanced Progress In Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review, Judy Fan

Physics Faculty Research

Organic and inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted intense attention in the past decades due to their fantastic performance in stability, durability, rapid processing, and high efficiency competitive to Si-based counterparts. The lab-fabricated solar cells based on organolead halide perovskites have reached a record efficiency of 26.1 %, which implies that halide perovskite materials may open a new paradigm for future solar energy innovation. Organometal/inorganic halide perovskites take advantage of tunable bandgaps, engineerable composites/interfaces, and solution-processible methods that render easy integrations of subcells to form tandem and multijunction modules with higher efficiencies potentially beyond the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit. …

Characterization Of Interlayer Laser Shock Peening During Fused Filament Fabrication Of Polylactic Acid (Pla), Fabien Denise

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The field of additive manufacturing (AM) has gained a significant amount of popularity due to the increasing need for more sustainable manufacturing techniques and the adaptive development of complex product geometries. The problem is that AM parts routinely exhibit flaws or weaknesses that affect functionality or performance. Over the years, surface treatments have been developed to compensate certain flaws or weaknesses in manufactured products. Combining surface treatments with the modularity of additive manufacturing could lead to more adaptable and creative improvements of product functions in the future. The current work evaluates the feasibility of pursuing a new research axis in …

An Optimized Search For Dark Matter In The Galactic Halo With Hawc, A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, E. Belmont-Moreno, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, O. Chaparro-Amaro, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, E. De La Fuente, R. Diaz Hernandez, B. L. Dingus, M. A. Duvernois, M. Durocher, J. C. Diaz-Velez, C. Espinoza, M. M. Gonzalez, J. A. Goodman, J. P. Harding, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, A. Iriarte, V. Joshi, G. J. Kunde, J. Lee, H. Leon Vargas, J. T. Linneman, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, J. Lundeen, K. Malone, O. Martinez, J. Martinez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, E. Moreno, M. Mostafa, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, A. Peisker, E. G. Perez-Perez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-Gonzalez, H. Salazar, D. Salazar-Gallegos, A. Sandoval, J. Serna-Franco, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Urena-Mena, L. Villasenor, Xiaojie Wang, H. Zhou, C. De Leon

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Galactic Halo is a key target for indirect dark matter detection. The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is a high-energy (∼300 GeV to >100 TeV) gamma-ray detector located in central Mexico. HAWC operates via the water Cherenkov technique and has both a wide field of view of ∼ 2 sr and a >95% duty cycle, making it ideal for analyses of highly extended sources. We made use of these properties of HAWC, and a new background-estimation technique optimized for extended sources to probe a large region of the Galactic Halo for dark matter signals. With this approach, we set …

Robust Zero Modes In Non-Hermitian Systems Without Global Symmetries, Jose D. H. Rivero, Courtney Fleming, Bingkun Qi, Liang Feng, Li Ge

Publications and Research

We present an approach to achieve zero modes in lattice models that do not rely on any symmetry or topology of the bulk, which are robust against disorder in the bulk of any type and strength. Such symmetry-free zero modes (SFZMs) are formed by attaching a single site or small cluster with zero mode(s) to the bulk, which serves as the “nucleus” that expands to the entire lattice. We identify the requirements on the couplings between this boundary and the bulk, which reveals that this approach is intrinsically non-Hermitian. We then provide several examples with either an arbitrary or structured …

Impact Of Silicon Ion Irradiation On Aluminum Nitride-Transduced Microelectromechanical Resonators, David D. Lynes, Joshua Young, Eric Lang, Hengky Chandrahalim

Faculty Publications

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonators use is widespread, from electronic filters and oscillators to physical sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes. These devices' ubiquity, small size, and low power consumption make them ideal for use in systems such as CubeSats, micro aerial vehicles, autonomous underwater vehicles, and micro-robots operating in radiation environments. Radiation's interaction with materials manifests as atomic displacement and ionization, resulting in mechanical and electronic property changes, photocurrents, and charge buildup. This study examines silicon (Si) ion irradiation's interaction with piezoelectrically transduced MEMS resonators. Furthermore, the effect of adding a dielectric silicon oxide (SiO₂) thin film is …

Hydroxyapatite-Based Coatings On Silicon Wafers And Printed Zirconia, Antoine Chauvin

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Dental surgery needs a naturally attract implant design that can ensure both osseointegration and soft tissue integration. Hydroxyapatite (HAp), the main mineral constituent of dentine and tooth enamel, is commonly used as a coating component, notably for overlaying titanium– or ceramics–based implants. This thesis aims to investigate the behavior of a HAp-based coating, specifically designed to be compatible with a porous substrate. Coating layers are made by sol–gel dip coating by immersion of porous substrates made by additive manufacturing into solutions of HAp, having been mixed with polyethyleneimine (PEI), to improve the adhesion of HAp on the substrate. First, the …

Directional Microwave Emission From Femtosecond-Laser Illuminated Linear Arrays Of Superconducting Rings, Thomas J. Bullard, Kyle Frische, Charlie Ebbing, Stephen J. Hageman, John Morrison, John Bulmer, Enam A. Chowdury, Michael L. Dexter, Timothy J. Haugan, Anil K. Patnaik

Faculty Publications

We examine the electromagnetic emission from two photo-illuminated linear arrays composed of inductively charged superconducting ring elements. The arrays are illuminated by an ultrafast infrared laser that triggers microwave broadband emission detected in the 1–26 GHz range. Based on constructive interference from the arrays a narrowing of the forward radiation lobe is observed with increasing element count and frequency demonstrating directed GHz emission. Results suggest that higher frequencies and a larger number of elements are achievable leading to a unique pulsed array emitter concept that can span frequencies from the microwave to the terahertz (THz) regime.

Non-Hermitian Gauged Laser Arrays With Localized Excitations: Anomalous Threshold And Generalized Principle Of Selective Pumping, Li Ge, Zihe Gao, Liang Feng

Publications and Research

We investigate non-Hermitian skin modes in laser arrays with spatially localized excitation. Intriguingly, we observe an unusual threshold behavior when selectively pumping either the head or the tail of these modes: both cases exhibit the same lasing threshold and hence defy the conventional principle of selective pumping, which aims to maximize the overlap between the pump profile and the target lasing mode. To shed light on this enigma, we reveal a previously overlooked phenomenon, i.e., energy exchange at non-Hermitian coupling junctions with the photonic environment, which does not occur with uniform gain or loss. Utilizing a transfer matrix approach, we …

Improving The Structural And Physical Yield Of Aluminum By Repeated Additions Of Iron Carbide, Fayrooz K. Albasri

Al-Bahir

Aluminum suffers from low hardness and some ductility when thermal sintering which requires reinforcement with carbide or ceramic materials as Iron FeC with volumetric properties (2,4,6,8,10 )%. For purpose of the pressing process after mixing the two powder together, a scanning electron microscope examination performed for the prepared samples and found that there is a surface and structural consistency between aluminum and iron carbide and the best homogeneity is at10 % of carbide. Also some physical tests conducted for prepared samples and the results of the real density showed that the addition of iron carbide increases the density gradually and …

Trumpet Directivity From A Rotating Semicircular Array, Samuel D. Bellows, Joseph E. Avila, Timothy W. Leishman

Directivity

The directivity function of a played musical instrument describes the angular dependence of its acoustic radiation and diffraction about the instrument, musician, and musician’s chair. Directivity influences sound in rehearsal, performance, and recording environments and signals in audio systems. Because high-resolution, spherically comprehensive measurements of played musical instruments have been unavailable in the past, the authors have undertaken research to produce and share such data for studies of musical instruments, simulations of acoustical environments, optimizations of microphone placements, and other applications. The authors acquired the data from repeated chromatic scales produced by a trumpet played at mezzo-forte in an anechoic …

The Role Of Leading-Edge Serrations In Controlling The Flow Over Owls’ Wing, Tanner Saussaman, Asif Nafi, David Charland, Hadar Ben-Gida, Roi Gurka

Physics and Engineering Science

We studied the effects of leading-edge serrations on the flow dynamics developed over an owl wing model. Owls are predatory birds. Most owl species are nocturnal, with some active during the day. The nocturnal ones feature stealth capabilities that are partially attributed to their wing microfeatures. One of these microfeatures is small rigid combs (i.e. serrations) aligned at an angle with respect to the incoming flow located at the wings' leading-edge region of the primaries. These serrations are essentially passive flow control devices that enhance some of the owls' flight characteristics, such as aeroacoustics and, potentially, aerodynamics. We performed a …

Using Powder Metallurgy Process To Produce Ceramic-Metal Composites, Ibrahim F. Abed, Salih, Y. Darweesh

Al-Bahir

Pressing powders and engineering materials is an innovative method for producing samples with a low cost and multiple industrial applications. In the current article, copper metal was added in different volume ratios to a ceramic material, alumina, for the purpose of improving the properties of alumina, by pressing with a hydraulic press. Where the results of the article showed that the percentage of true porosity after sintering is from (26-13)% with a copper content of (5%) to (25%). As for the apparent porosity after sintering, it decreased from (26-9)% at a copper content of (5-25)%, while the water absorption was …

Ferroelectric Hafnia Surface In Action, Xia Hong

Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience: Faculty Publications

Piezoresponse microscopy and spectroscopy reveal the inextricable role of surface electrochemistry in stabilizing and controlling ferroelectricity in doped hafnia.

Doped hafnia (HfO₂), a relatively new member of the ferroelectric family, has challenged in many ways our conventional perception of ferroelectric oxides. It possesses extremely localized electric dipoles that are independently switchable,¹ making it immune to finite size effects — the loss of long-range dipole order in ferroic materials due to size scaling. While polycrystalline grains and microstructures can yield lower polarization and poorer cycling behavior in canonical ferroelectrics such as Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ and BaTiO₃, in …

Hawc Study Of The Very-High-Energy Γ-Ray Spectrum Of Hawc J1844−034, A. Albert, C. Alvarez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A.Ayala Solares, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, M. Breuhaus, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño De León, E. De La Fuente, D. Depaoli, R. Diaz Hernandez, B. L. Dingus, M. A. Duvernois, M. Durocher, K. Engel, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, K. Fang, N. Fraija, J. A. Garcia-Gonzalez, M. M. Gonzalez, J. A. Goodman, S. Groetsch, J. P, Harding, I. Herzog, J. Hinton, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, T. B. Humensky, P. Huntemeyer, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, J. Lee, H. Leon Vargas, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, J. Martinez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, M. Mostafa, L. Nellen, R. Noriega-Papaqui, L. Olivera-Nieto, N. Omodei, E. G. Perez-Perez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-Gonzalez, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. Salazar, D. Salazar-Gallegos, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Urena-Mena, E. Varela, L. Villasenor, Xiaojie Wang, I. J. Watson, E. Willox, H. Zhou

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Recently, the region surrounding eHWC J1842−035 has been studied extensively by γ-ray observatories due to its extended emission reaching up to a few hundred TeV and potential as a hadronic accelerator. In this work, we use 1910 days of cumulative data from the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory to carry out a dedicated systematic source search of the eHWC J1842−035 region. During the search, we found three sources in the region, namely, HAWC J1844−034, HAWC J1843−032, and HAWC J1846−025. We have identified HAWC J1844−034 as the extended source that emits photons with energies up to 175 TeV. We compute the …