Paleoseismology Of The Central Garlock Fault In Searles Valley, California,
2019
California State University, San Bernardino
Paleoseismology Of The Central Garlock Fault In Searles Valley, California, Kyle Pena
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
In this study, a paleoseismic trench with limited age constraints that was previously excavated in 1990 across the central Garlock Fault near Christmas Canyon, in Searles Valley, California, was reopened to take advantage of new advances in luminescence dating techniques to investigate potential temporal variability in earthquake recurrence on the Garlock fault and to analyze previously unexposed older earthquake evidence. The trench exposed interbedded alluvial sand and pebble-gravels, with well-sorted, rounded, lacustrine sand from the most recent highstand of pluvial Lake Searles present at the base of the trench. Preliminary findings suggest at least 10 surface rupturing earthquake events occurred …
Improving Earthquake Disaster Models With Post-Event Data: Insights From The 2015 Gorkha, Nepal Earthquake,
2019
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Improving Earthquake Disaster Models With Post-Event Data: Insights From The 2015 Gorkha, Nepal Earthquake, Bradley Steven Wilson
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Immense amounts of data are collected following earthquake disasters. Yet, it remains unclear how researchers’ might take full advantage of diverse post-disaster datasets. Using data from the 2015 Gorkha Nepal earthquake, this dissertation explores three ways in which post- disaster survey and assessment datasets can be used to inform models of seismic risk, vulnerability, and recovery processes. The first article presents an empirical analysis of scale issues in disaster vulnerability indices using a novel dataset of 750,000 households. This study finds that using aggregated household data to create social vulnerability indices can produce results that are meaningfully different from equivalent …
Reinterpreting The Tectonic Model Of The Southern Part Of The Taconic Orogeny Through A Provenance Study Of Late Ordovician Sandstones,
2019
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Reinterpreting The Tectonic Model Of The Southern Part Of The Taconic Orogeny Through A Provenance Study Of Late Ordovician Sandstones, Juan Carlos Guerrero
LSU Master's Theses
A provenance study of quartz arenites that stratigraphically are closely associated with major Ordovician K-bentonites has been conducted in order to further our understanding of the tectonic setting of eastern Laurentia during the Late Ordovician. Using laser ablation ICP-MS, detrital zircons separated from Ordovician sandstone samples in the southeastern Appalachian Mountains (Virginia to Alabama) were dated using U-Pb geochronology. Analytical results show three dominate age ranges for the zircons from these sandstones: ~440-490 Ma, ~900-1300 Ma, and ~1300-1500 Ma. In addition, some zircon ages grouped into older ranges of ~1600-1800 Ma, ~1800-1900 Ma, and ~2600-2800 Ma. Zircon ages from ~900-2800 …
Application Of 3d Salt Modeling: An Example From The Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico,
2019
Western Kentucky University
Application Of 3d Salt Modeling: An Example From The Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico, Adam Mattson
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Salt tectonics has important implications for hydrocarbon exploration in saltbearing basins since salt deformation can directly or indirectly form hydrocarbon traps, influence hydrocarbon migration, and can control deepwater depositional systems. In various basins around the globe, extensive research has been conducted on initiation of salt mobilization, subsequent deformation, and eventual cessation, mostly from subsurface two-dimensional (2D) sections. However, 3D seismic data has dominated the petroleum industry for the last 30 years. Despite the plethora of 3D seismic data acquired in salt-bearing basins, there has been hardly any published work on the 3D geometries of complex salt bodies. 3D salt mapping …
Utilizing Dplot, Sedlog, And Arcgis Pro To Enhance Geologic Field Skills: Rosendale, Ulster County New York,
2019
CUNY York College
Utilizing Dplot, Sedlog, And Arcgis Pro To Enhance Geologic Field Skills: Rosendale, Ulster County New York, Malek Shami, Nazrul I. Khandaker, Stanley Schleifer, Zarine Ali, Leonardo Sanchez, Gugu Ginindza, Tyn Tyn Nai
Publications and Research
Capstone geologic field mapping courses in undergraduate geoscience programs aim to compliment the academic knowledge with technical field skills. As a pilot study, these tools were used to collect field data using folded lower Paleozoic to mid-Paleozoic sedimentary outcrops consisting of clastic, non-clastic and occasional mixed siliciclastics in Rosendale, Ulster County, New York. Rosendale is known for its classic geological outcrops with variable structural, stratigraphic, paleontological and sedimentological complexities – ideal for a field mapping course. Traditionally, students’ data acquisition in the field and its subsequent laboratory analysis to produce a final geologic field report utilized acetate overlays to produce …
Orientation Of Paleostress Of Raplee Ridge Anticline,
2019
Southern Utah University
Orientation Of Paleostress Of Raplee Ridge Anticline, Loren Randall Holyoak, John S. Maclean
The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon
During the Laramide Orogeny several major folds were formed in Southern Utah, one of those being the Raplee Ridge anticline. Raplee Ridge is approximately eight miles from Mexican Hat, Utah. The San Juan River cuts through the anticline, exposing the Honaker Trail Formation’s beds of shale and limestone with chert nodules. Accompanying the mountain-scale ductile deformation of the Raplee Ridge anticline are decimeter-scale brittle conjugate fractures in the limestone’s chert nodules. The objective of this study is to compare the orientation of paleostress that formed the Raplee Ridge anticline with the conjugate fractures within the chert nodules to see if …
Gamma Ray And Radon Anomalies In Northern Taiwan As A Possible Preearthquake Indicator Around The Plate Boundary,
2019
Academia Sinica
Gamma Ray And Radon Anomalies In Northern Taiwan As A Possible Preearthquake Indicator Around The Plate Boundary, Ching-Chou Fu, Lou-Chuang Lee, Tsanyao Frank Yang, Cheng-Horng Lin, Cheng-Hong Chen, Vivek Walia, Tsung-Kwei Liu, Dimitar Ouzounov, Gioacchino Giuliani, Tzu-Hua Lai, Peng-Kang Wang
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Taiwan is tectonically situated in an oblique collision zone between the Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) and the Eurasian Plate (EP). Continuous observations of gamma rays at the Yangmingshan (YMSG) station and soil radon at the Tapingti (TPT) station were recorded in the volcanic area and around a major fault zone, respectively, in Taiwan for seismic studies. A number of anomalous high gamma ray counts and radon concentrations at certain times were found. It is noted that significant increases of soil radon concentrations were observed and followed by the increase in gamma rays a few days to a few weeks before …
Machine Learning Predicts Aperiodic Laboratory Earthquakes,
2019
Southern Methodist University
Machine Learning Predicts Aperiodic Laboratory Earthquakes, Olha Tanyuk, Daniel Davieau, Charles South, Daniel W. Engels
SMU Data Science Review
In this paper we find a pattern of aperiodic seismic signals that precede earthquakes at any time in a laboratory earthquake’s cycle using a small window of time. We use a data set that comes from a classic laboratory experiment having several stick-slip displacements (earthquakes), a type of experiment which has been studied as a simulation of seismologic faults for decades. This data exhibits similar behavior to natural earthquakes, so the same approach may work in predicting the timing of them. Here we show that by applying random forest machine learning technique to the acoustic signal emitted by a laboratory …
Geologic Mapping And Geochronology Of The Heavens Gate 7.5-Minute Quadrangle: How Long Does It Take To Accrete An Island Arc To A Continent?,
2019
Missouri State University
Geologic Mapping And Geochronology Of The Heavens Gate 7.5-Minute Quadrangle: How Long Does It Take To Accrete An Island Arc To A Continent?, Samuel Gordon Deyoung
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
The Blue Mountain province of western Idaho and eastern Oregon is composed of a mélange of geologic terranes that represent Permian and Triassic island arcs that collided with North America in the Mesozoic, resulting in westward growth of the continent. Separating these accreted rocks from North America are the mid- crustal metamorphic rocks of the Salmon River suture zone. Containing units and features associated with the accreted island arc terranes and suture zone is the Heavens Gate 7.5-minute quadrangle, located in Idaho county, Idaho. Within the quadrangle the Salmon River suture zone is divided into structural blocks by a series …
Fault Slip And Exhumation History Of The Willard Thrust Sheet, Sevier Fold‐Thrust Belt, Utah: Relations To Wedge Propagation, Hinterland Uplift, And Foreland Basin Sedimentation,
2019
Weber State University
Fault Slip And Exhumation History Of The Willard Thrust Sheet, Sevier Fold‐Thrust Belt, Utah: Relations To Wedge Propagation, Hinterland Uplift, And Foreland Basin Sedimentation, W. A. Yonkee, Bryan Eleogram, Michael L. Wells, Daniel F. Stockli, Shari Kelley, D. E. Barber
Geoscience Faculty Research
Zircon (U‐Th)/He (ZHe) and zircon fission track thermochronometric data for 47 samples spanning the areally extensive Willard thrust sheet within the western part of the Sevier fold‐thrust belt record enhanced cooling and exhumation during major thrust slip spanning approximately 125–90 Ma. ZHe and zircon fission track age‐paleodepth patterns along structural transects and age‐distance relations along stratigraphic‐parallel traverses, combined with thermo‐kinematic modeling, constrain the fault slip history, with estimated slip rates of ~1 km/Myr from 125 to 105 Ma, increasing to ~3 km/Myr from 105 to 92 Ma, and then decreasing as major slip was transferred onto eastern thrusts. Exhumation was …
Structural Control Of Mesic Vegetation Communities Within The Owl And Bear Creek Watersheds, Fort Hood Military Installation, Texas,
2019
Stephen F Austin State University
Structural Control Of Mesic Vegetation Communities Within The Owl And Bear Creek Watersheds, Fort Hood Military Installation, Texas, Melinda S. Faulkner, Matthew Mcbroom, Kenneth W. Farrish, Kevin Stafford
Faculty Publications
The Fort Hood Military Installation is a karst landscape, dominated by Lower Cretaceous carbonates of the Trinity and Fredericksburg groups. The study area is the northeastern peninsula known as the Owl Mountain Province, utilized by the U.S. Army for troop maneuvers and training. The geomorphic evolution of the province has been controlled by the structural development of incised canyons in the Owl and Bear creek watersheds, following the deformational trend of the Balcones/Ouachita fault system and the transverse Belton High-Central Texas Reef Trend. These trends control cave development in the subsurface, karst manifestations at the surface, joints in outcrop, stream …
Ages Of Prehistoric Earthquakes On The Banning Strand Of The San Andreas Fault, Near North Palm Springs, California,
2019
CSUSAN BERNARDINO
Ages Of Prehistoric Earthquakes On The Banning Strand Of The San Andreas Fault, Near North Palm Springs, California, Bryan Castillo
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
We studied a paleoseismic trench that was excavated across the Banning strand of the San Andreas Fault by Petra Geosciences (33.9172°, -116.538°). The trench exposed a ~40 m wide fault zone in interbedded alluvial sand gravel, silt and clay deposits. We present the first paleoseismic record for the Banning strand of the southern San Andreas Fault. The most recent event occurred sometime between 730 and 950 cal BP, potentially coincident with rupture of the San Gorgonio Pass thrust. We interpret that five earthquakes have occurred since 3.3-2.5 ka and eight earthquakes have likely occurred since 7.1-5.7 ka. It is possible …
Middle Miocene To Holocene History Of The Delacroix Island Fault System,
2019
University of New Orleans
Middle Miocene To Holocene History Of The Delacroix Island Fault System, Jarrett Leigh Levesh
LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations
An in-depth field study of the Delacroix Island producing field illustrates the evolution of the east-trending Delacroix Island Fault during the last 13 My. Well log correlations and 3-D seismic interpretation of 22 subsurface bio-stratigraphic horizons across the fault reveal variable stratigraphic thicknesses and displacement. Wells, with well log curve data as shallow as 31 m (100 ft) below the surface, were used to calculate interval thicknesses, expansion indices, sediment accumulation rates, burial history and magnitudes of displacement. Through these analyses, a correlation was found between the positioning of ancient Miocene depocenters over Delacroix Island and a period of increased …
Petrology And Geochemistry Of The Bearwallow Mountain Andesite, Mogollon-Datil Volcanic Field, New Mexico,
2019
Missouri State University
Petrology And Geochemistry Of The Bearwallow Mountain Andesite, Mogollon-Datil Volcanic Field, New Mexico, Conor Lee O'Dowd
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
The Mogollon-Datil volcanic field (MDVF), located in southern New Mexico, is the result of episodic volcanism and the transition between arc and rift magmatism. The MDVF has been the focus of several mapping, stratigraphic, petrologic, geochronological, and geochemical studies to understand the complete volcanic and tectonic history. However, the majority of previous studies lack geochemical analyses on intermediate composition volcanic rocks, giving more attention to the large-volume ignimbrites and rhyolite flows as well as the minor basalt flows that occurred between 36 and 20 Ma. I present new whole-rock major- and trace-element analyses and petrographic textures on one of the …
A Bayesian Framework For Estimating Seismic Wave Arrival Time,
2019
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
A Bayesian Framework For Estimating Seismic Wave Arrival Time, Hua Zhong
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Because earthquakes have a large impact on human society, statistical methods for better studying earthquakes are required. One characteristic of earthquakes is the arrival time of seismic waves at a seismic signal sensor. Once we can estimate the earthquake arrival time accurately, the earthquake location can be triangulated, and assistance can be sent to that area correctly. This study presents a Bayesian framework to predict the arrival time of seismic waves with associated uncertainty. We use a change point framework to model the different conditions before and after the seismic wave arrives. To evaluate the performance of the model, we …
Seismic Landslide Hazard Mapping For Greater Vancouver, British Columbia,
2019
Western University
Seismic Landslide Hazard Mapping For Greater Vancouver, British Columbia, Ali Fallah Yeznabad, Sheri E. Molnar, Hesham M. El Naggar
Western Research Forum
The lower Mainland of southwest British Columbia (BC) hosts about 3.5 million people and significant infrastructures of national importance. Southwestern BC has the highest seismic risk in Canada with significant potential to cause earthquake-induced hazards including tsunamis, liquefaction and landslides. A Cascadia mega-thrust (MW 9) earthquake is predicted to generate $75 billion Canadian dollars in losses. This damage can be resulted from ground shaking or its secondary phenomena like landslides; ground shaking during earthquakes may trigger landslides that can damage or destroy buildings, bury roads and highways and kill and injure people. In Canada, during the past century and …
Geophysical Analysis Of The Midcontinent Rift’S Subsurface Structure In Southeastern Nebraska,
2019
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Geophysical Analysis Of The Midcontinent Rift’S Subsurface Structure In Southeastern Nebraska, Patrick Szopinski
Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)
The Midcontinent Rift System (MCRS) is a 1.1 billion-year-old failed rift system that spans much of the North American continental interior. The MCRS is exposed at Lake Superior and is buried in the subsurface along its southwest-extending arm through southeastern Nebraska. Due to the presence of buried volcanic rocks, the MCRS has characteristic highly-pronounced potential field anomalies (gravity and magnetic). Despite these large anomalies, not much is known about the subsurface faulting associated with the rift zone in the Midwest. The goal of this project is to attempt to use integrated analysis of collected geophysical data from multiple methods to …
Engaging The Greater Lafayette Community In A Journey Through The Earth Sciences: Purdue’S Eaps Earth Science Passport Day Event,
2019
Purdue University
Engaging The Greater Lafayette Community In A Journey Through The Earth Sciences: Purdue’S Eaps Earth Science Passport Day Event, Dara Laczniak, Bradley Garczynski
Engagement & Service-Learning Summit
No abstract provided.
Fluid-Present Anatexis Of Neoarchean Tonalite And Amphibolite In The Western Shandong Province,
2019
University of Waterloo
Fluid-Present Anatexis Of Neoarchean Tonalite And Amphibolite In The Western Shandong Province, Chris Yakymchuk, Wenran Zhao, Yusheng Wan, Shoufa Lin, Fred Longstaffe
Earth Sciences Publications
Metatonalite and amphibolite from the Taishan region of the Western Shandong Province in the North China Craton record c. 2.60 Ga fluid-present partial melting via the breakdown of biotite, plagioclase and quartz to produce peritectic hornblende and anatectic melt. Eight paired leucosome–melanosome samples from metatonalite and three paired samples from amphibolite were investigated to evaluate the composition of the melt. Hornblende, biotite and plagioclase in the leucosomes and hornblende and plagioclase in melanosomes from both rock types have similar compositions. Two leucosome samples from the metatonalite were influenced by the removal of heavy rare earth element-rich hornblende and the accumulation …
A Record Of The Precambrian-Cambrian Transition In Sw Montana: A Late Neoproterozoic To Early Cambrian Stratigraphic Window, Fortunian Biostratigraphic Assemblage And Treptichnus Pedum,
2019
University of Montana, Missoula
A Record Of The Precambrian-Cambrian Transition In Sw Montana: A Late Neoproterozoic To Early Cambrian Stratigraphic Window, Fortunian Biostratigraphic Assemblage And Treptichnus Pedum, R. Reid Trippe
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This study documents a Late Neoproterozoic through Early Cambrian stratigraphic record in the Humbolt anticline of southwestern Montana. The Precambrian-Cambrian transition includes a Fortunian-aged biostratigraphic trace-fossil assemblage with the ichnofossil Treptichnus pedum. The Humbolt anticline represents an inverted paleo-graben that exposes a stratigraphic window interpreted to be a record of rifting along the Cordilleran miogeoclinal margin, linked with the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. The graben subsided and captured sediment during late-stage rifting and final-stage dissociation along the rift margin. Its structural axis paralleled the rift margin. Sevier/Laramide orogenic thrusting inverted the graben into the Humbolt anticline. The Late …
