Soil Science Commons^™

Production And Utilization Of Short Grass And Tall Grass Growing Around Dung Pats In A Perennial Ryegrass Sward Grazed By Dairy Cows, S Fitzgerlad, S Crosse

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A considerable amount of herbage which is only partially grazed accumulates around dung pats over the grazing season in swards grazed by dairy cows or beef cattle. This tall grass can represent 15-45 % of the sward area (Marsh and Cam piing, 1970) depending on stocking rate or herbage allowance, grass growth rate and season of the year. The present study was un< ;lertaken to measure the area and proportion of a perennial ryegrass sward represented by short-grass and tall grass, the extent to which each category was grazed and their contri­bution to the diet of cows when rotationally grazed in an inten­sive leader/follower grazing system.

Contribution Of The Study Of Tropical Pasture Management For Intensive Milk Production, Irma Jerez, M Menchaca, H Jordan, T R. Garcia, Lidia Gonzalez, M Sosa, E De La Rosa, J L. Rivero

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Milk production in Cuba has been increased and this was possible by the increasing introduction of the Holstein breed and its crosses with Zebu. At the same time, this augmented the need for developing a feeding base satisfying the increasing demand of nutrients. A series of experiments to evaluate new pasture species, intensive pasture management and concentrate supplemen­tation to increase animal productivity per unit area was carried out.

Integrating Forage Maize With Pasture Legumes For Efficient Dairy Production In South Eastern Australia, K E. Pritchard, W K. Mason, C R. Stockdale, J B. Moran

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In south eastern Australia, the mild climate permits year­round grazing for 1.5 million dairy cows which results in a low production cost for milk. More than 1 million hectares of annual and perennial pastures are irrigated to supplement rain­fall of 300-500 mm/ annum, for dairy, beef and sheep pro­duction. Animal production from the present system of grazing pasture is limited by the inefficient conversion of solar radiation achieved by temperate pasture species ; seasonal variation in quantity and quality of pasture forage ; by poor utilization of pasture ; and by the low quality of grass-dominant pasture. The Kyabram Research …

Valorisation Des Paturages De Haute-Belgique Par La Vache Laitiere A Travers Deux Systemes D'Exploitation Differents, P Limbourg, M Gielen, L Istasse, J M. Bienfait

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La prairie permanente occupe en Haute-Belgique environ 70 % de la surface agricole: il importe done d'en exploiter tou­tes les potentialites. Si le chargement constitue le facteur essen­tiel de la bonne utilisation de l'herbe au paturage, les modalites d'exploitation jouent egalement un role non negligeable. C'est ainsi que le paturage continu intensif est tres attractif aupres des eleveurs en raison de l'economie de main-d'ceuvre qui en resulte. Des experiences anterieures ont cependant demontre la plus faible productivite en herbe d'un tel systeme par rapport au paturage classique en rotation, du fait notamment de la reduction des temps de repos. Dans …

New Grazing Animal Production System In Japan, H Kobayashi, K Ochiai, S Shioya, Y Togamura, T Ami, N Harashima, K Sato, M Nashiki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The amount of animal production from pasture by conven­tional grazing system in Japan stays at low level as 300 kg body weight gain of steers per hectare in one grazing period. This is supposedly caused by the following problems concerning graz­ing in Japan ; cold or hot temperature, rainy season, steep slope pasture, low fertilizer application, sharp seasonal fluctuation of grass production (spring flush, summer depression), faulty warm-up grazing, lots of blood-sucking insects and diseases (piroplasmosis, pneumonia etc.). Settling these problems, we have developed a new short rot­ational grazing system to get three times animal production (1,000 kg body weight …

Determination Of The Number Of Paddocks Necessary For The Rotation Of Grazing Dairy Cows, A Senra, J Ugarte, M A. Menchaca, J Galindo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Great importance in the grassland management has been given to the paddock system, since it allows animal rotation. However, fencing costs must be minimal without affecting ani­mal or pasture performance. Thus, it is necessary to obtain results that can be applied to a wider range of grasslands, tak­ing into consideration that each pasture could show a different performance. The objective of this study was aimed to deter­mine the minimum number of paddocks necessary for grazing dairy cows with pastures of greater and lesser aggressiveness.

Etude Comparative De Deux Varietes De Fetuque Elevee De Qualite Differente Conduites En Paturage Continu Avec Vaches Laitieres, J C. Emile, M Gillet, L Huguet

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dans des essais anterieurs (Gillet et al., 1986 et 1989), nous avons mis en evidence chez la fetuque elevee Festuca arundin­acea Schreb. des differences varietales pour la valeur alimen­taire avec des moutons a l'entretien, des chevres laitieres et des vaches laitieres. Ces differences etaient observees a l'auge. Nous avons voulu verifier si, et dans quelles conditions, elles se retrouvaient !ors d'une utilisation en paturage continu par des vaches laitieres. (cf Roden et al., 1987). Notre demarche peut aider a mettre en evidence les conditions de valorisation de la qualite dans les especes fourrageres.

Phosphorus Fertilizer And The Long Term Productivity Of Nitrogen Fertilized Dairy Pasture, T M. Davison, W N. Orr, B A. Silver, F Duncalfe

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Milk production responses to nitrogen fertiliser on tropical grass systems have been well documented (Davison et al. 1985a; 1985b). However, there are no reports on the long term phosphorus fertiliser requirements of dairy pastures. This experiment, which ran for 7 years, was designed to determine the long term phosphorus fertiliser requirements, for mainten­ance of a grass pasture fertilised with nitrogen. The effects of fertiliser level were monitored in terms of changes in soil fer­tility, plant productivity and milk yield.

Prospects For Legume-Based Dairying In Cool Temperate Conditions, M Ryan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There is increasing interest in exploiting legume-based pastures in the temperate zones of NW Europe-their value for lamb and beef production being recently documented (Stewart, 1984; Davies and Munro, 1988). Legume-based intensive dairying is currently not prevalent north of - 49 NL but quota restrictions leading to fewer cows may create conditions favourable to legumes within dairying. This paper describes the results of experimentation comparing N and legume-based dairying in cool temperate conditions and assesses future pros­pects.

Simplification De La Distribution Des Aliments Concentres Aux Vaches Laitieres Pendant La Periode De Paturage, J I. Andries, D L. De Brabander, Ch V. Boucque, F X. Buysse

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

En vue de remplacer le systeme complique de distribution de concentres selon le niveau de production, la recherche s'efforce, ces dernieres annees, de simplifier la distribution de concentres pour le betail laitier. On a examine si une distribution d'une quantite egale de concentres a toutes Jes vaches d'un groupe en fonction d'un niveau de production laitiere preetabli, peut etre un systeme valable pour la periode de paturage. Ce systeme est voisin de la « distribution d'une quantite fixe de concentres », aussi appele "flat rate feeding", dont la convenance pour la periode de sta­bulation a deja ete demontree plusieurs fois …

Production And Utilization Of High-Quality Cold-Hardy Forages, D W. Koch, C Kercher, D Agee, R Jones

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazing is generally the least expensive method of forage utilization ; however, in temperate climates the growing season is relatively short and perennial forages are at peak nutritive value for a relatively short time. Brassica spp. have several characteristics which make them prime candidates for extending the grazing season : (1) they mature rapidly (Guillard and Allinson, 1984); (2) they are frost tolerant and maintain high nutrient value well during cold weather (Jung et al., 1984); and (3) they can be established with minimum tillage techniques (Jung et al., 1984; Koch et al., 1987). The purpose of this study was …

Multispecies Grazing Systems In Iowa, Midwestern Usa, W F. Wedin, M A. Sanderson, C Ohlsonn, D G. Morrical

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Combining species of grazing animals such as cattle and sheep into appropriate grazing systems may help producers to use grazing land resources more efficiently (Heinemann, 1970 ;Van Keuren and Parker, 1967: Winrock, 1985). Earlier pasture research on lands unsuited for row-crop production has shown that renovation to incorporate a pasture legume has been very beneficial (Wedin et al., 1967). Yet, grazing manage­ment has lagged behind legume incorporation and fertilization (Wedin, 1985). Practices used in animal management must be taken into account in new grazing systems. In midwestern USA, producers commonly buy stocker steers in spring to take advantage of ample, …

Implications Of Grazing Experiments Which Employ Only One Grazing Level Per Treatment, David I. Bransby

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Stocking rate is one of the most powerful driving variables in grazing ecosystems, but its influence on animal production is mediated through effects on pasture sward state, and associated effects on quantity and quality of forage consumed by animals. Consequently, confounding important sward state char­acteristics with treatments in grazing experiments will often mask treatment effects and lead to erroneous conclusions. While this problem has generally been recognized (e.g. Mott and Lucas, 1952; Wheeler et al. 1973 ; Hodgson, 1985), attempts to overcome it appear to be less than satisfactory. The aim of this paper is to discuss methods of stocking …

Experiments And Extension Of The Utilization And Improvement Of Sandy Rangelands In Nei Monggol (Inner Mongolia) Autonomous Region, China, Hou Yong-Zhang, Bai Ri-Sheng, Li Xhang-Chun

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are about 60 million ha. of rangelands available for livestock in Nei Monggol (Inner Mongolia) Autonomous Region. In the great vast area of rangelands there are 4 rather large sandy rangelands: 1) the Hulun Beir Sandy Rangeland; 2) the Kerching Sandy Rangeland ; 3) the Hunshandak Sandy Rangeland ; and 4) the Maowoos Sandy Rangeland. Their total area covers about 20.8 million ha and accounts for more than 1/3 of that available in N. M. A. R.

The Hulun Beir Sandy Rangeland located in the northeast part of N. M.A. R. - N 47° 40'-50°12' E 118°3!'-121°03' 355 km …

Production De Viande Bovine Et Ovine Sur Prairie Dans Les Monts Sudetes, Janina Fatyga

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Par suite du depeuplement des villages et de !'abandon de la culture dans des zones situees en altitude dans !es Sudetes, on y observe l'accroissement de la superficie des paturages perma­nents. Des 1968, on y cree des zones de pature OU en ete de jeu­nes bovins et des ovins provenant des fermes situees plus bas sont conduits en permanence. L'importance du phenomene est illustre par le fait qu'a present, sur le terrain d'une seule region de Walbrzych, il y a 103 bases de pature d'une superficie de 7.000 ha, appartenant a 54 fermes d'etat ou paissent environ 25.000 ovins et …

A Standard Livestock Unit (Slu) For Defining Stocking Rate In Grazing Studies, D J. Minson, P C. Whiteman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The weight of animals and hence their intakes vary between grazing experiments and at different stages of the same study but the results are often presented as though these differences do not affect grazing pressure (Roberts, 1980). Thus we have sheep/ha and cattle/ha, with no indication of the effects that differences in intake and hence grazing pressure might have on the pasture/animal interaction. Pastures are utilized by different classes of stock and there is a need to have a common basis for comparing their productivity. These problems would be over­come by the use of a Standard Livestock Unit (SLU).

First Insight On The Genesis Of Iron Oxide-Hydroxide Biospeleothems In Rancho Chico Lava Tube, Mexico, Rafael López-Martínez, Elizabeth Solleiro-Rebolledo, Rocio Alcántara-Hernández, Teresa Pi Puig, Sergey Sedov, Daisy Valera Fernández, M. Nayeli Luis-Vargas, Yasmany Lima Vera, Jesús Solé, Ramon Espinasa-Pereña

International Journal of Speleology

Iron is a common element in lava tube systems, typically observed as thin crusts or inferred from the reddish coloration of secondary mineral deposits. In this study, we describe iron oxide-hydroxide biospeleothems discovered in the Rancho Chico Lava Tube, located within the Xalapa Monogenetic Volcanic Field in Mexico. We adopt an integrative approach combining petrography, soil micromorphology, scanning electron microscopy, mineralogy, and 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. DNA sequencing reveals the presence of microorganisms such as Acidithiobacillus, Gallionella, and members of the Leptospirillaceae family, which may be involved in the oxidation of Fe²⁺ within the lava tube. The source …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Research Studies 2024, Jason Kelley, Travis Faske

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The 2024 edition of the Arkansas Corn and Grain Sorghum Research Studies Series includes research results on topics pertaining to corn and grain sorghum production, including weed, disease, nematode, and insect management; economics; irrigation; agronomics; soil fertility; drone use; and research verification program results.

Our objective is to capture and broadly distribute the results of research projects funded by the Arkansas Corn and Grain Sorghum Board. The intended audience includes producers and their advisors, current investigators, and future researchers. The Series serves as a citable archive of research results.

The reports inform and guide our long-term recommendations, but should not …

Clearing Cloudy Or Coloured Water On Farms In Western Australia, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Natural resources factsheets

Cloudy or coloured water can be a nuisance when used for household purposes, and sometimes be unsuitable for livestock, irrigation, or crop spraying. The following is for general information only, it is recommended that people seek expert advice for treating cloudy or coloured water.

Investigating The Microbial Communities In Freshwaters Of Northern Sweden, Maizy Wilcox

Undergraduate University Honors Capstones

Climate change is shifting the stability of sensitive ecosystems in the Arctic region due to global warming, with widespread impacts on permafrost regions, including the Stordalen Mire region of Sweden. Due to climate change, the Stordalen Mire is composed of thawing permafrost shifting into a wetland (V onk et al., 2015). As permafrost thaws, the landscape transforms due to changing water environmental conditions, causing lower pH changes and higher temperatures in the water, impacting the underlying soil chemistry and biology, vegetation, and microbial communities (Webb et al., 2022). The increased temperature can enhance methanogenic microbial growth by expanding the groundwater …