Soil Science Commons^™

Long-Term Antagonistic Effect Of Increased Precipitation And Nitrogen Addition On Soil Respiration In A Semiarid Steppe, Hongyan Han, Yue Du, Dafeng Hui, Lin Jiang, Mingxing Zhong, Shiqiang Wan

Biology Faculty Research

Changes in water and nitrogen (N) availability due to climate change and atmospheric N deposition could have significant effects on soil respiration, a major pathway of carbon (C) loss from terrestrial ecosystems. A manipulative experiment simulating increased precipitation and atmospheric N deposition has been conducted for 9 years (2005–2013) in a semiarid grassland in Mongolian Plateau, China. Increased precipitation and N addition interactively affect soil respiration through the 9 years. The interactions demonstrated that N addition weakened the precipitation-induced stimulation of soil respiration, whereas increased precipitation exacerbated the negative impacts of N addition. The main effects of increased precipitation and …

Assessing The Periodic Groundwater Flow Conditions Of A Perched Aquifer System In The Daniel Boone National Forest, Ethan Sweet

Posters-at-the-Capitol

Assessing the Periodic Groundwater Flow Conditions of a Perched Aquifer System in the Daniel Boone National Forest

Ethan Sweet and Jonathan Malzone

Eastern Kentucky University, Department of Geosciences

Natural ephemeral wetlands situated among the ridge-tops in the Daniel Boone National Forest serve as reservoirs that recharge a shallow groundwater system. Unique interactions between surface and groundwater in these isolated systems provide substantial support for the native ecosystem, serving as a breeding ground for amphibians and as source water for vegetation—especially in periods of drought. Currently it is not understood how groundwater could provide regional biodiversity, a drought buffer, or a …

Soil Properties In Varying Crop And Non-Crop Areas Of Calloway County, Kentucky, Zack Eells, Canaan Wring, Clay Smotherman, Connor Moore

Scholars Week

Soil Properties in Varying Crop and Non-Crop Areas of Calloway County, Kentucky

Zack Eells, Clay Smotherman, Canaan Wring, Connor Moore, Iin Handayani, and Brian Parr

Murray State University, Hutson School of Agriculture, Kentucky, USA

Abstract

Cropping practices leading to loss of soil organic matter thus can alter other soil properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of crop and non-crop areas on soils. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from different fields of corn, soybeans, tobacco, pasture, and wooded areas in the Southwest portion of Calloway County, Kentucky on September 8, 2017. The properties observed …

Geology Of Northeastern Nebraska And Environs: Cedar, Dakota, And Dixon Counties In Nebraska, And Plymouth And Woodbury County In Iowa, Robert Matthew Joeckel, Dana Divine, P.R. Hanson, Leslie M. Howard

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Insights Into Land Plant Evolution Garnered From The Marchantia Polymorpha Genome, John L. Bowman, Takayuki Kohchi, Katsuyuki T. Yamato, Jerry Jenkins, Shengqiang Shu, Kimitsune Ishizaki, Shohei Yamaoka, Ryuichi Nishihama, Yasukazu Nakamura, Frédéric Berger, Catherine Adam, Shiori Sugamata Aki, Felix Althoff, Takashi Araki, Mario A. Arteaga-Vazquez, Sureshkumar Balasubrmanian, Kerrie Barry, Diane Bauer, Christian R. Boehm, Liam Briginshaw, Juan Caballero-Perez, Bruno Catarino, Feng Chen, Shota Chiyoda, Mansi Chovatia, Kevin M. Davies, Mihails Delmans, Taku Demura, Tom Dierschke, Liam Dolan, Tomokazu Kawashima

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

The evolution of land flora transformed the terrestrial environment. Land plants evolved from an ancestral charophycean alga from which they inherited developmental, biochemical, and cell biological attributes. Additional biochemical and physiological adaptations to land, and a life cycle with an alternation between multicellular haploid and diploid generations that facilitated efficient dispersal of desiccation tolerant spores, evolved in the ancestral land plant. We analyzed the genome of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a member of a basal land plant lineage. Relative to charophycean algae, land plant genomes are characterized by genes encoding novel biochemical pathways, new phytohormone signaling pathways (notably auxin), …

Silver Engineered Nanomaterials And Ions Elicit Species-Specific O2 Consumption Responses In Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, Ricky W. Lewis, Jason M. Unrine, Paul M. Bertsch, David H. Mcnear Jr.

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Metal containing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are now commonly used in various industrial and commercial applications. Many of these materials can be transformed during waste water treatment and ultimately enter terrestrial ecosystems via agriculturally applied biosolids. It is unclear how agriculturally important soil microbes will be affected by exposure to environmentally relevant, sublethal concentrations of ENMs and their transformation products (i.e., ions, aggregates, etc.). A method was developed, which puts O₂ consumption responses in terms of viability, and tested by examining the toxic effects of Ag⁺, Zn²⁺, and Ni²⁺ ions on the plant growth promoting …

Profitability Of Diammonium Phosphate Use In Bush And Climbing Bean-Maize Rotations In Smallholder Farms Of Central Burundi, Marie Chantal Niyuhire, Pieter Pypers, Bernard Vanlauwe, Generose Nziguheba, Dries Roobroeck, Roel Merckx

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Soil fertility decline is a major constraint to bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and maize (Zea mays) production in the Central Highlands of Burundi. Nutrient sources, specifically fertilizers, are paramount to increasing the production in the regions. Hence, improving fertilizer use efficiency is considered as a key factor towards sustainable intensification. The use of grain legumes with low harvest indices, such as climbing beans, are assumed to improve soil fertility and fertilizer use efficiency. This study compares the rotational effects of bush and climbing bean varieties on maize and evaluates the profitability of diammonium phosphate (DAP, 18–46-0) fertilizer in the bean-maize …

Veress M., 2016. Covered Karsts, Reza Khoshraftar

International Journal of Speleology

No abstract provided.

The Soybean Rfg1 Gene Restricts Nodulation By Sinorhizobium Fredii Usda193, Yinglun Fan, Jinge Liu, Shanhua Lyu, Qi Wang, Shengming Yang, Hongyan Zhu

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Sinorhizobium fredii is a fast-growing rhizobial species that can establish a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with a wide range of legume species including soybeans (Glycine max). In soybeans, this interaction shows a high level of specificity such that particular S. fredii strains nodulate only a limited set of plant genotypes. Here we report the identification of a dominant gene in soybeans that restricts nodulation with S. fredii USDA193. Genetic mapping in an F2 population revealed co-segregation of the underlying locus with the previously cloned Rfg1 gene. The Rfg1 allele encodes a member of the Toll-interleukin receptor/nucleotide-binding site/leucine-rich repeat class of …

Managing Nitrous Oxide Emissions In Agricultural Fields, Mark S. Coyne, Wei Ren

Plant and Soil Sciences Research Report

Agriculture is a major contributor to atmospheric nitrous oxide (N₂O) (Smith et al., 2014; Tian et al., 2015). Unfortunately, nitrous oxide destroys stratospheric ozone (O₃) which protects us from ultraviolet radiation (Cicerone, 1989) and it increases ground level O_3, whichis an air pollutant threatening human health and food production. Nitrous oxide is also 298 times more potent than an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in terms of trapping and absorbing reflected solar radiation (Forster et al., 2007). Basic chemistry and physics assure us that increased levels of N₂O in the …

Holdrege: Nebraska's State Soil, University Of Nebraska - Lincoln

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Holdrege Nebraska State Soil, Nebraska Society Of Professional Soil Scientists

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Cultivar And Maternal Environment On Seed Quality In Vicia Sativa, Rong Li, Lijun Chen, Yanpei Wu, Rui Zhang, Carol C. Baskin, Jerry M. Baskin, Xiaowen Hu

Biology Faculty Publications

Production of high quality seeds is of fundamental importance for successful crop production. However, knowledge of the effects of increased temperature resulting from global warming on seed quality of alpine species is limited. We investigated the effect of maternal environment on seed quality of three cultivars of the leguminous forage species Vicia sativa, giving particular attention to temperature. Plants of each cultivar were grown at 1700 and 3000 m a.s.l., and mass, germination, electrical conductivity (EC) of leakage and longevity were determined for mature seeds. Seeds of all three cultivars produced at the low elevation had a significantly lower …

Fruit Weight Is Controlled By Cell Size Regulator Encoding A Novel Protein That Is Expressed In Maturing Tomato Fruits, Qi Mu, Zejun Huang, Manohar Chakrabarti, Eudald Illa-Berenguer, Xiaoxi Liu, Yanping Wang, Alexis Ramos, Esther Van Der Knaap

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Increases in fruit weight of cultivated vegetables and fruits accompanied the domestication of these crops. Here we report on the positional cloning of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling fruit weight in tomato. The derived allele of Cell Size Regulator (CSR-D) increases fruit weight predominantly through enlargement of the pericarp areas. The expanded pericarp tissues result from increased mesocarp cell size and not from increased number of cell layers. The effect of CSR on fruit weight and cell size is found across different genetic backgrounds implying a consistent impact of the locus on the trait. In fruits, CSR …

Pergesaran Populiasi Gulma Pada Olah Tanah Dan Pengendalian Gulma Yang Berbeda Pada Tanaman, Uum Umiyati, Denny Kurniadie

Jurnal Kultivasi

Tujuan dari perobaan ini adalah mengetahui pergeseran populasi gulma pada olah tanah dan pengendalian gulma yang berbeda. Percobaan dilakukan dari bulan Juni – Agustus 2016 di UPTD Balai Pengembangan Benih Palawija (BPBP) Desa Barepan Kabupaten Cirebon. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak dengan 6 kombinasi perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Perlakuan tersebut adalah A = Tanpa Olah Tanah dan pengendalian gulma dengan herbisida, B = Tanpa Olah Tanah dan pengendalian gulma secara mekanis, C = Tanpa Olah Tanah dan tanpa pengendalian gulma, D = Olah Tanah Sempurna dan pengendalian gulma dengan herbisida, E = Olah Tanah Sempurna dan pengendalian …

Respons Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine Max) Varietas Wilis Akibat Pemberian Berbagai Dosis Pupuk N, P, K, Dan Pupuk Guano Pada Tanah Inceptisol Jatinangor, Agus Wahyudin, Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono, Aep Wawan Irwan, Ruminta, Rizka Fitriani

Jurnal Kultivasi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah pemberian Pupuk Organik Padat Guano dapat memberikan hasil yang sama dengan pemberian Pupuk N,P,K. Percobaan dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor dengan ketinggian 754m dpl dan menggunakan tanah inceptisol dengan pH 6,18.Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok, terdiri dari 8 perlakuan kombinasi dosis pupuk, yang terdiri dari 100% N,P,K, 100% Pupuk Guano, 75% N,P,K + 100% Pupuk Guano, 50% N,P,K + 100% Pupuk Guano, 75% N,P,K + 75% Pupuk Guano, 50% N,P,K + 75% Pupuk Guano, 75% N,P,K + 50% Pupuk Guano serta 50% N,P,K + 50% Pupuk Guano. …

Respons Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Benih Kentang G0 Di Dataran Medium Terhadap Waktu Dan Cara Aplikasi Paklobutrazol, Nuzula Suci Azima, Anne Nuraini, Sumadi, Jajang Sauman Hamdani

Jurnal Kultivasi

Aplikasi paklobutrazol pada penanaman kentang di dataran medium dapat mengurangi sintesis giberelin yang menyebabkan penurunan hasil kentang. Efektifitas paklobutrazol tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi, tetapi juga waktu dan cara aplikasinya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh waktu dan cara aplikasi paklobutrazol yang memberikan pengaruh paling baik dalam meningkatkan hasil benih kentang G0 di dataran medium. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuannya terdiri dari waktu aplikasi paklobutrazol yaitu 28, 35 dan 42 HST (Hari Setelah Tanam) dan cara aplikasi paklobutrazol yaitu disemprot ke daun, disiram ke media tanam dan kombinasi antara penyemprotan ke daun dan …

Reducing Equifinality Using Isotopes In A Process-Based Stream Nitrogen Model Highlights The Flux Of Algal Nitrogen From Agricultural Streams, William I. Ford, James F. Fox, Erik Pollock

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The fate of bioavailable nitrogen species transported through agricultural landscapes remains highly uncertain given complexities of measuring fluxes impacting the fluvial N cycle. We present and test a new numerical model named Technology for Removable Annual Nitrogen in Streams For Ecosystem Restoration (TRANSFER), which aims to reduce model uncertainty due to erroneous parameterization, i.e., equifinality, in stream nitrogen cycle assessment and quantify the significance of transient and permanent removal pathways. TRANSFER couples nitrogen elemental and stable isotope mass‐balance equations with existing hydrologic, hydraulic, sediment transport, algal biomass, and sediment organic …

Mobility Characteristics Of Azithromycin In Soil, Ryan Minter, Jihyun Kim, Linda Lee

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

The presence of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment has become a widespread problem in recent decades. Azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic commonly prescribed for infections in humans, has been detected in waste treatment plant discharge and surface waters across the world. Data on the mobility characteristics of azithromycin in soil is scarce, and further studies must be performed to explore the potential for azithromycin leaching to groundwater or becoming available for plant uptake. In this study, azithromycin sorption isotherms were measured on eight soils varying in pH, organic carbon content, and clay content. Soil was equilibrated with …

Laboratory Resistivity Measurements For Soil Characterization, Behdad Mofarraj Kouchaki

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Field based electrical resistivity measurements, such as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and capacitively coupled resistivity (CCR), are geophysical methods that offer a non-destructive and rapid means to collect continuous data. As such, ERT and CCR are becoming increasingly popular tools for geotechnical engineers; however, it is challenging to derive geotechnical information such as soil type, density, and water content from the data. A laboratory geophysical investigation was carried out to gain a better understanding of the parameters that affect the electrical resistivity of soils and devise a relationship between resistivity and soil type or classification. In this study, a soil …