What’S New In Alfalfa Weed Control?,
2020
University of Kentucky
What’S New In Alfalfa Weed Control?, Jonathan D. Green
Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference
The importance of weed control in alfalfa production should not be overlooked, especially when you consider the high investment associated with forage legumes. Weeds have the potential to reduce forage yield by competing for water, sunlight, and nutrients. For example, yield obtained from the first cutting of alfalfa can be significantly reduced by a heavy infestation of common chickweed and other winter annual weeds. In addition to yield losses, weeds can lower forage quality, increase the incidence of disease and insect problems, cause premature stand loss, and create harvesting problems. Some weeds are unpalatable to livestock or, in some cases, …
Updates On An Online Alfalfa Management Tool Under Development,
2020
University of Kentucky
Updates On An Online Alfalfa Management Tool Under Development, Travis Howle, S. Ray Smith
Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference
No abstract provided.
Integrated Management Of Alfalfa Diseases,
2020
University of Kentucky
Integrated Management Of Alfalfa Diseases, Kiersten A. Wise
Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference
Alfalfa diseases can reduce forage quality and the longevity of alfalfa stands. Integrated management of diseases can minimize disease impact and improve forage stand and quality. There are several important pathogens that cause disease on alfalfa, and the occurrence of these diseases, as well as the severity of damage, depend on several factors, including the type of pathogen, the environment, and the level of resistance of the host to a particular disease. In addition, disease presence and severity are also influenced by agronomic practices, particularly sowing dates, cutting dates and frequency, and fertility programs.
Moving Past The Routine: Precision Management For Alfalfa And Hay Crops,
2020
University of Kentucky
Moving Past The Routine: Precision Management For Alfalfa And Hay Crops, Joshua M. Mcgrath
Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference
Soil testing is made up of four distinct activities, collecting the soil sample, analyzing the sample, interpreting the results, and providing fertilizer recommendations that account for the fertilizer source, timing of application, rate of application, and placement of the fertilizer. Traditionally, collecting a soil sample was viewed as the limiting step because a recommendation is only as good as the sample that it is based on. With traditional soil sampling, we attempt to represent the field’s average nutrient status. Typically, you would want one sample for every 10 – 20 acres. A sample should be collected to the depth prescribed …
Smarter Alfalfa Weevil Management,
2020
University of Kentucky
Smarter Alfalfa Weevil Management, Ricardo Bessin
Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference
Alfalfa weevil is the primary insect pest attacking the first cutting of alfalfa reducing both quality and yield. The tiny 1st and 2nd stage larvae chew on tip leaves producing tiny pin holes which may seem minor, but 3rd and 4th stages feed extensively shredding leaves resulting in significant damage. A heavy infestation can cause the field to appear grayish. While an individual larva feeds for about 3 weeks, eggs hatch over an extended period, so total damage within a field will accumulate over 5 to 6 weeks.
Getting The Full Benefit Of Your Lime/Fertilizer Dollar,
2020
University of Kentucky
Getting The Full Benefit Of Your Lime/Fertilizer Dollar, John H. Grove
Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference
Start with a soil test, even if soil testing is not a perfect way to identify nutrient needs. There are no one-size-fits-all formulas for starting a field of alfalfa – every field is ‘fertility unique’. Your prior knowledge of the field will cause you to make your initial soil test either well ahead of, or rather closer to, alfalfa seeding. The major driver of the timing of the initial soil test is soil acidity. If field soil acidity is suspected, soil test well ahead of seeding – 6 to 12 months ahead. Lime takes time to more thoroughly neutralize higher …
Distribution Of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions As Related To Land Use And Management In The Loess Plateau, Northern China,
2020
Lanzhou University, China
Distribution Of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions As Related To Land Use And Management In The Loess Plateau, Northern China, Huige Han, Xudong Li, Decao Niu, Hua Fu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Organic C in the soil is not a uniform material but rather a complex mixture of plant, animal and microbial residues at different stages of decomposition (Post and Kwon 2000). So the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) is usually described by dividing total SOC into different fractions (Six et al. 2002). Of all the different fractions, density defined fractions (light- and heavy fractions) may relate better to specific functions or processes (O’Hara et al. 2006), and the changes in SOC due to land use and management may be partly explained by the way C is allocated in …
Grazing And Soil Carbon, Rooting Around For An Effect,
2020
Australian National University, Australia
Grazing And Soil Carbon, Rooting Around For An Effect, Helen P. King
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
There is considerable scientific and policy interest in the effect of different grazing methods on soil organic carbon (SOC) and general acceptance that increasing SOC by changing grazing management is possible. While overgrazing is recognised as a cause of land degradation and historical loss of SOC, a review and modelling by Conant and Paustian (2002) showed that ceasing overgrazing and stocking at appropriate levels can also increase SOC. Other reviews showed no difference in animal or pasture productivity between continuous (CG) and rotational (RG) grazing (Briske et al. 2008); and increases, decreases or no change in SOC with high, …
Long-Term Impacts Of Stocking Rate On Soil Carbon Sequestration In Arid Areas Of South Africa,
2020
University of Pretoria, South Africa
Long-Term Impacts Of Stocking Rate On Soil Carbon Sequestration In Arid Areas Of South Africa, Deribe G. Talore, Eyob Tesfamariam, Abubeker Hassen, Jean-François Soussana
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Overstocking is one of the most important factors which results in changes of carbon stocks (Reeder and Schuman, 2002) and soil degradation, particularly in sandy soil, vulnerable to degradation through physical erosion. South African (RSA) topsoil is characterized by the low level of organic matter (Du Preez et al. 2011). Like most other African countries, little is known about the level of C sequestration under various grazing strategies in the vast dry grassland areas of RSA. It is well known that long-term studies with various stocking rate would be able to shed light on the level of C sequestration …
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks In A Brazilian Oxisol Under Different Pasture Systems,
2020
Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks In A Brazilian Oxisol Under Different Pasture Systems, José C. Pinto, Róberson M. Pimentel, Yuri L. Zinn, Fernanda H. M. Chizzotti
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pastures are the main land use systems in the world and in Brazil they occupy 115 M ha. A major part of Brazil´s greenhouse gas emissions are due to land use change and agriculture. Livestock production comprises > 90% of methane and about 55% of CO2-equivalent emissions due to agriculture (Cerri et al. 2009). However, productive, well-managed pastures can improve degraded soils and increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks through humification of grass and root residues. In order to enhance pasture yields and SOC sequestration, nutrient availability in soils must also be improved, especially for N and P. This work …
Forward Of Kentucky Alfalfa And Stored Forages Conference [2020],
2020
University of Kentucky
Forward Of Kentucky Alfalfa And Stored Forages Conference [2020], S. Ray Smith, Jimmy C. Henning, Christopher D. Teutsch
Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference
No abstract provided.
Bayesian Modeling For Estimating Cattle’S Dung Position In Pasture,
2020
Hiroshima University, Japan
Bayesian Modeling For Estimating Cattle’S Dung Position In Pasture, Rena Yoshitoshi, Nariyasu Watanabe, Kensuke Kawamura, Seiichi Sakanoue, Jihyun Lim, Taisuke Yasuda
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Livestock excrement is one of the major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in pasture. As a first step in evaluating its contribution to overall GHG emissions, an understanding of excretion distribution patterns in pastures is required. Betteridge et al. (2010) describe a urine sensor that detects and logs each urination event of female sheep and cattle. The urine sensor records time and ambient temperature at one-second intervals however, patters of dung distribution are not specified. The objective of this study was to predict spatial distribution of cattle dung. The knowledge of livestock excrement position may be useful for …
Influence Of Grassland Management On Carbon Allocation In A Semiarid Temperate Steppe,
2020
China Agricultural University, China
Influence Of Grassland Management On Carbon Allocation In A Semiarid Temperate Steppe, Nan Liu, Y. Jun Zhang, H. Ming Kan, W. Jie Lu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grazing lands in North China are often excessively grazed and widely degraded, while hay-making lands appear to be in relatively good condition due to grazing exclusion, but they are facing a continuous loss of nutrients in the harvested biomass. In semiarid grasslands, plant productivity and community composition are significantly altered by grazing and haying. Grazing mostly leads to negative effects on aboveground productivity, however root biomass seems to increase with moderate grazing (Gao et al. 2009; Derner et al. 2006), although responses can vary. Aboveground biomass removal can increase C3 grass dominance and productivity (Hofer and Bragg 1981). …
Land Use Intensification Effects On Soil C Dynamics In Subtropical Grazing Land Ecosystems,
2020
University of Florida
Land Use Intensification Effects On Soil C Dynamics In Subtropical Grazing Land Ecosystems, Maria L. Silveira, Sutie Xu, Julius Adewopo, Kanika S. Inglett
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The impacts of land intensification on carbon (C) responses are important components of soil organic carbon (SOC) management. Grazing land intensification typically involves the use of highly productive plant species that can support greater grazing pressure, removal of higher proportions of site biomass and nutrients during mechanical harvest or grazing, and increased use of fertilizers, particularly N. Current improved grazing land management strategies are aimed at increasing above-ground biomass yield, with less regard for below-ground C dynamics. Because intensive management affects above- and below-ground C inputs (Schuman et al. 1999; Liu et al. 2011a,b), it can therefore have …
Research On Soil Carbon Storage Of Alpine Grassland Under Different Uses In Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,
2020
Sichuan Agricultural University, China
Research On Soil Carbon Storage Of Alpine Grassland Under Different Uses In Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Tao Li, Youmin Gan, Lei Ji, Shujing Yang, Zhongqi Song
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In recent years, with the temperature rising on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, studies have shown that (Shaoqing Wang et al. 1999; Yuchun Qi et al. 2003) the plateau permafrost has great potential for emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon, nitrogen, because of the remarkable permafrost thermal sensitivity. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a special geographical and ecological unit, which has an important role in global climate change. The study of soil carbon storage of grassland ecosystems in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its distribution characteristics allow the evaluation of different land management. The carbon cycle response and feedback effects of …
The Effects Of Management And Vegetation On Soil Carbon Stocks In Temperate Australian Grazing Systems,
2020
Department of Primary Industries, Australia
The Effects Of Management And Vegetation On Soil Carbon Stocks In Temperate Australian Grazing Systems, Warwick B. Badgery, Helen P. King, Aaron Simmons, Brian Murphy, Andrew Rawson, Elizabeth Warden
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The natural spatial variability in soil organic carbon (SOC) found under perennial pasture systems can make it difficult to determine differences between contrasting agricultural management practices. Pasture composition in large, extensively grazed paddocks can give an indication of pasture growth, utilisation and fertility that influence SOC and are a result of management over the longer-term. This paper examines SOC stocks on the central and southern tablelands of NSW, Australia (average rainfall from 615 to 915 mm and average annual temperature from 10.6 to 15.6°C) at three scales (regional, between similar sites and within site) to determine the influence of management, …
Effects Of Enclosure On Biomass, Carbon, Nutrient Storage And Allocation For Seriphidium Transiliense In A Sagebrush Desert Grassland,
2020
Xinjiang Agricultural University, China
Effects Of Enclosure On Biomass, Carbon, Nutrient Storage And Allocation For Seriphidium Transiliense In A Sagebrush Desert Grassland, Zheng Wei
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
We hypothesized that Seriphidium transiliense in a sagebrush desert grassland could improve the storage of biomass carbon and nutrient after 3 years of enclosure. Also, we expect distinctive allocation strategies of nutrient, carbon and biomass partitioning into root (R), root crown (RC), reproductive shoot (RS) and vegetative shoot (VS) plant characteristics or modules. Therefore, the storage and allocation pattern of biomass, carbon and nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) in different modules were monitored during September and October, from 2009 to 2011. The results showed that the P content of root, the N content of reproductive shoot, the Ca …
Long-Term Field Experiment For Monitoring Soil Carbon Content In Japanese Grasslands: Initial Data From 2010 To 2012,
2020
NARO, Japan
Long-Term Field Experiment For Monitoring Soil Carbon Content In Japanese Grasslands: Initial Data From 2010 To 2012, Shoji Matsuura, Hiroshi Hibino, Reiko Kazama, Hiroyuki Sasaki, Masayuki Hojito
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A long-term field experiment for monitoring soil carbon content in Japanese grasslands started in 2010 to investigate the changes in soil carbon content and the effect of composted livestock manure application. We established grassland plots with 3 levels of manure application treatment at 10 sites. Bulk density values in many sites had wide inter-replicate and inter-annual variability. It is reasonable to suppose that the variability in the bulk density reflect spatial variability of physical properties within the grasslands because the annual trends of the bulk density values were not consistent. Organic carbon concentration tended to increase yearly in the surface …
Contrasting Impacts Of Grazing On Soil Properties And Plant Communities Between Semiarid And Temperate Rangeland Ecosystems,
2020
Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China
Contrasting Impacts Of Grazing On Soil Properties And Plant Communities Between Semiarid And Temperate Rangeland Ecosystems, Eduardo Medina-Roldán, Jorge Paz-Ferreiro, J. Tulio Arredondo, Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald, Richard D. Bardgett
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
We discuss how grazing by large herbivores as a land use option does not necessarily involve a trade-off in terms of soil carbon (C) storage, by presenting results from field grazing gradient experiments from rangeland ecosystems under different climatic conditions in semiarid grasslands from Central Mexico and temperate ecosystems from Northern England. In general, moderate grazing pressure did not reduce soil C in both ecosystems after comparisons with long-term grazing exclusions, and moderate grazing even showed higher soil C in the semiarid area. In the semiarid area, our results are likely explained by grazing tolerance of plant species in moderate …
Palatability Of Psolarea Spp. Accessions Offered As Micro-Swards To Dairy Sheep,
2020
Agris Sardegna, Italy
Palatability Of Psolarea Spp. Accessions Offered As Micro-Swards To Dairy Sheep, Mauro Decandia, Marco Acciaro, Maria Sitzia, Andrea Cabiddu, Carla Manca, Valeria Giovanetti, Giovanni Molle
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Psoralea bituminosa C.H. Stirton (syn. Bituminaria bituminosa L.) is a perennial legume usually considered of low palatability because of the strong smell that can be emitted by oil glands located on its foliage. However the nutritive value of P. bituminosa in terms of forage composition and digestibility was proven similar to or even better than that of other legumes. The aerial part of this species may contain a high concentration of furano-coumarins, out of which psoralen and angelicin are the most abundant (Pecetti et al. 2007). These substances could be harmful to animals, being responsible for contact photodermatitis, in …
