Shading Increases Yield Of Nitrogen-Limited Tropical Grasses,
2025
The University of Queensland, Australia
Shading Increases Yield Of Nitrogen-Limited Tropical Grasses, D.W M. Wild, J R. Wilson, W W. Stur, H M. Shelton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This report summarises current research investigating the enhanced shoot growth and higher nitrogen (N) yield observed in N-deficient tropical grass pastures when moderately shaded. The "shade response" was consistently observed in a number of "run-down" tropical grass pastures, over a range of soil types. White there was evidence of translocation of N from roots of shaded grass, this source did not fully account for the additional N harvested in shoots. A more favourable microclimate at the soil surface-litter layer interface, particularly soil moisture, appeared to be responsible for improved litter breakdown and possibly soil mineralisation activity. The "shade response'' has …
Persistence Of An Erect And A Prostrate Paspalum Species As Affected By Shade And Defoliation,
2025
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Insitute
Persistence Of An Erect And A Prostrate Paspalum Species As Affected By Shade And Defoliation, C C. Wong, W W. Stur
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The lack of persistence in sown posture under perennial plantation crops is poorly understood. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of defoliation severity on the growth and survival of an erect and a prostrate-type shade-tolerant grasses when grown at light levels of 100, 50 and 20% of full sunlight. I was hypothesised that a prostrate grass would be able to persist better under frequent defoliation than an erect grass at low light levels, The prostrate Paspaalum wettsteinii and the erect Paspalum malacophyhllum produced a similar total biomass. However, P. wettsteinii had a higher root yield, while P. …
Prelimiary Evaluation Of Albizia Julibrissin As A Woody Warm-Season Forage,
2025
Auburn University
Prelimiary Evaluation Of Albizia Julibrissin As A Woody Warm-Season Forage, David I. Bransby
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Evaluation of warm-season forage legumes for the south-eastern USA has been confined almost entirely to herbaceous plants, and woody plants have been largely overlooked. The objective of this study was to evaluate Albizia julibrissin as a woody forage legume. Dry matter yield of leaves was obtained from small plots harvested at 6-week intervals. Individual plants in a separate experiment were harvested every 4, 6, 8, lO and 12 weeks to determine yield response to harvest frequency, Leaf material was also fed to sheep for 3" weeks in a digestibility trial. Cumulative yield in the plot study was l0.1 I/ ha. …
Growth And Mineral Nutrition In Dichanthium Aristatum Sward Shaded By Tress,
2025
INRA
Growth And Mineral Nutrition In Dichanthium Aristatum Sward Shaded By Tress, P Cruz, N M. Munier-Jolain, R Tournebize, H Sinoquet
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Gliricidia sepium is an important legume tree used in the silvopastoral systems of the Caribbean area and tropical America. In this work we analysed the effect of its alley cropping on the growth and mineral nutrition of a Dichanthium aristatum sward, Results show that nitrogen uptake and conversion efficiency of solar radiation were twice as high in the shaded grass. Phosphorus and potassium uptake of dichanthium were also improved by tree presence, Better mineral nutrition and growth of a shaded sward could be related to the better water status of the .. grass leaves throughout the day, This effect may …
Contribution Of Parkia Biglobosa To The Feeding Value Of Pasture Systems In West Africa,
2025
ILCA
Contribution Of Parkia Biglobosa To The Feeding Value Of Pasture Systems In West Africa, Elly N. Sabiiti, J Cobbina, J Lambourne
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Parkia (Parkia biglobosa) is an important traditional economic tree legume with several uses for the rural farmers in West Africa, although it has received only limited resenrch. Parkia is dominant in natural pastures or fallow fields that are used for livestock grazing. The tree provides shade to forage grasses and livestock, protects soil from heat and torrential tropical rains, resists fire damage and coppices very well after defoliation. Farmers grow several food crops under the canopy. The fruits, leaves and young seedlings, which are highly nutritious, form an important fodder for livestock in the dry season when natural …
Comparative Ruminal Nitrogen Degradability Of Tropical Browse And Alfalfa Hays,
2025
ISRA LNERV
Comparative Ruminal Nitrogen Degradability Of Tropical Browse And Alfalfa Hays, S Toure-Fall, B Michalet-Doreau
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The nitrogen (N) distribution of 2 tropical browse leaves (Balanites aegypliaca and Guiera senegalensis) and of 2 temperate alfalfa (Medicago sativa) hays was determined and the ruminal degradation of total N and fibre N fractions (NDSN, AFN, ADFN) was measured with nylon bag method. The average N degradability of temperate forages was not different, 77.1%, but that of the browse forages varied from 27.5% (G11iera) to 85.1 % (Balanites), The neutraldetergent-soluble N degraded rapidly in the rumen, whereas the aciddetergent-fibre N remained undegraded for all samples. The available fibre N was not high, except …
Effect Of Shrubs And Trees On Growth And Yield Of Cenchrus Ciliaris In The Three-Strata Forage System,
2025
Udayana University
Effect Of Shrubs And Trees On Growth And Yield Of Cenchrus Ciliaris In The Three-Strata Forage System, W Suanten, I M. Nitis, S Putra, K Lana
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A three-strata forage system (TSFS} experiment was carried out for 5 years to compare the effect of Lencaena, Glirlcldia and trees on the growth and yield of buffel grass (Cenchrus clliaris}, The completely randomised design consisted of the integration of Cenchrus with 2 shrub legumes and 3 fodder trees with 9 repl_ications. The 0.25 ha TSFS plot was divided into 11 0.16 ha core area for food crops, 11 0.09 hil peripheral area for Cenchrus, Panicum, Graham stylo, Verano stylo and Centrosema, and • n 200 m circumference area for Ficus, Lannea and Hibiscus planted nt …
Trees And Shrubs As Secondary Components Of Pasture,
2025
AFNETA
Trees And Shrubs As Secondary Components Of Pasture, A N. Atta-Krah
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Traditionally, the concept of pasture has precluded tree crops in any meaningful and productive way. Grasses and herbaceous legumes have been the major components of pasture. The place of trees in pasture is often limited to live fencing, and a few other trees interspersed within the pasture, to provide shade for livestock. In tropical and subtropical areas, where trees are a significant part of the natural vegetation, the non-inclusion· of trees in pasture and agricultural production systems and their increasing rate of disappearance from the zone are giving rise to serious environmental and agricultural concerns. There is an increasing realisation …
Pastures As The Secondary Components In Tree-Pasture Systems,
2025
MARDI
Pastures As The Secondary Components In Tree-Pasture Systems, Chin Peng Chen
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The multi-stata canopy structure of rain forest allows only I% sunlight penetration, too little for the survival of forage beneath it. However, man-made forest plantation (rubber, oil palm and coconut) allows more light for forage species. Initially, 60-70 forage species were recorded under these modified forest canopies but only one third of them survived heavy shading. Forage dry matter yields declined from 2.8-4.8 I/ha DM at immature phase of plantations, to 0.1-1.0 I/Im at mautre phase. Nutrients. available to grazing animals from forages under plantations were guile high (18.4 kg Nit DM and 5609 MJ MEit DM) from native forages, …
Grazing Potential Of Desiccation-Tolerant Tropical And Subtropical Grasses,
2025
Universitas mataram
Grazing Potential Of Desiccation-Tolerant Tropical And Subtropical Grasses, Y A. Sutaryono, D F. Gaff
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Some desiccation-tolerant grasses possess the potential for use as a grazing source for animals. Some species compared favourably in nutrient content and digestibility with other tropical animal fodder grasses. The Sporobolus species, S. aff, fimbriatus, S. lampranthus, S. pellucidus, together with Eragrostis invalida and Eragrostiella nardoides showed the most promising combination of desirable characteristics. Resurrection grasses contained potentially toxic substances, but, it appears, in amounts harmless to animals, Animal feed trials are needed to test their real feed value, palatability and non-toxicity to animals.
Beef Cow Adaptation To Hot Dry Climates,
2025
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station
Beef Cow Adaptation To Hot Dry Climates, T.D A. Forbes, J W. Holloway, B G. Warrington
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Behavioural adaptation of Bos taurus (Angus) and B. indicus B: taurus cross (Brangus) females to high ambient temperatures was studied in 2 trials (maximum ambient temperatures of 37 .8 and 32.5°C respectively) in a semi-arid area of south Texas. Brangus females grazed for longer (297 v. 239 min/day, P<0.0001) spent less time in shade (288 v. 395 min/day, P<0.0001), and spent less time watering (95 v. 115 min/day, P<0.0001) than Angus females. Trial by breed interactions were detected (P<0.001) for resting in shade, resting in sun and watering time. Both breeds were apparently restricted in grazing time by high ambient temperatures during both trials, but the Angus were restricted to a greater extent. Although ambient temperatures were lower in the second trial, the threshold for allowing grazing unrestricted by heat stress was apparently not reached for either breed,
Mixed-Species Grazing In The Highland Sourveld Of South Africa: An Evaluation Of Animal Production Potential,
2025
University of Natal
Mixed-Species Grazing In The Highland Sourveld Of South Africa: An Evaluation Of Animal Production Potential, M B. Hardy, N M. Tainton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effects of mixed-species grazing, at 5 cattle to sheep ratios all at the same stocking rale, on individual animal mass change/ ha mass change/ Ila were monitored for 2 grazing seasons, The ratios were balanced in terms of animal units which equate the expected intake of cattle and sheep. The study was conducted on a humid grasslands in which the herbage characteristically loses quality as Jt mature1. Mass gains of individual cattle were higher when the cattle grazed 10ge1her with the sheep than when they grazed alone. This was ascribed to increasing herbage availability as the ratio of cattle …
Prediction Of Live-Weight Gain Of Cattle Grazing Pastures On Brigalow Soil,
2025
CSIRO
Prediction Of Live-Weight Gain Of Cattle Grazing Pastures On Brigalow Soil, M Hirata, C K. Mcdonald, R M. Jones
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A model for predicting the live-weight gain-(LWD) of cattle from climatic conditions and pasture and cattle attributes was developed. The model was calibrated and validated against the data from a long-term grazing experiment on brigalow soil, sown with green panic pastures. When validated, the model tended to overestimate LWG as the proportion of green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume) in the pasture decreased, because the model was calibrated, without considering species composition, to data from years when green panic was dominant. This study emphasises the limitations of empirical models of grazing systems. The study also implies that there …
Beef Production From Commercial Leucaena Leucocephala Pastures In A Dry Subtropical Environment,
2025
Queensland Department of Primary Industries
Beef Production From Commercial Leucaena Leucocephala Pastures In A Dry Subtropical Environment, R L. Clem, C R. Esdale, M J. Conway, D Macintyre
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Leucaena leucocephala is a legume widely adapted to the tropics and subtropics and is currently recommended for sowing on fertile clay soils in the subconstal (100-1000 mm) rainfall areas of Queensland. It produces high quality forage that can be used as browse with native or sown grass pastures to improve live-weight gain of grazing beef cattle. At Banana in central Queensland a commercial grazing enterprise has been developed on 1450 ha of land cleared of brigalow scrub and cropped for 20-30 years before sowing to leucaena. Leucaena has been established on about 80% of the property. Stocking rates are varied …
Improving Livestock Production Using The Heavy-Duty Blade Plough On Pastures Infested With Brigalow Suckers, P Filet, J Agnew, R Barnett, J Clewett
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Reducing brigalow {Acacia harpophylla) sucker numbers is necessary to maintain the productivity of grass pastures on brigalow soils in' Australia. Blade ploughing brigalow sucker regrowth is an effective control oplion. A 97% mortality was achieved when brigalow suckers were treated with a blade plough in central Queensland. Pasture yield was 3 times higher in a blade-ploughed paddock than in an adjacent sucker paddock 6 months after treatment and after 2 more summers. During 3 years of grazing, stocking rates were 7 .5 ha/steer in the sucker paddock and 2.3-3.2 ha/steer in the blade0ploughed paddock, Annual· live-weight gains/head were …
Animal Feed Research In Eastern And Southern Africa: Historical And Actual Priorities,
2025
ILCA
Animal Feed Research In Eastern And Southern Africa: Historical And Actual Priorities, Samuel C. Jutzi, J C. Tothhill
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A review of animal feed research reports from 7 countries of eastern and southern Africa is used to assess historical and actual research emphases. Priority was on feed supply and evaluation for cattle production with strong rangelands improvement programmes. Most research focused on ecologically favoured regions and larger-scale livestock commodity production. Strong efforts for the exploitation of grasses for improved feed supply were supported by legume work for feed quality improvement. There was a strong emphasis on feed agronomy work, one third of all that work involving animals. Component research results were reported with little discussion of target systems implications, …
Tropical Pasture Establishment In Thailand By Direct-Drilling,
2025
Dairy Farming Promotion Organization of Thailand
Tropical Pasture Establishment In Thailand By Direct-Drilling, C Lekchom, S Sukpituksakul, N Wongsuwan, B R. Watkin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The establishment, early production and quality of 4 tropical grasses was compared when established by direct-drilling into uncultivated, herbicide-kllled pasture or when sown into a fully cultivated, wellprepared seedbed. Direct-drilling resulted in significantly better establishment and early production than drilling into a prepared seedbed at the first cut, but not at subsequent cuts. Forage quality in terms of both crude protein and dry matter digestibility was high in all treatments, with no difference between sowing techniques and only small differences between species. Results are discussed in relation to farming practice.
Legumes In African Star Grass- Herbaceous Legume Pastures As A Partial Substitute For Concentrate Feed For Dairy Production,
2025
Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute
Legumes In African Star Grass- Herbaceous Legume Pastures As A Partial Substitute For Concentrate Feed For Dairy Production, Francis Asiedu, B Ahmed, R Paterson, R Simpson, R Motta
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two groups of 10 equally matched Jamaica Hope cows from a commercial dairy farm in Jamaica were grazed (stocking rate 3.5 cows/ha) for 2 years on pure African star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) and African star grass in mixture with herbaceous legumes in a crossover design. Dairy ration was fed at the rate of 0.26 and 0.18 kg/day/ kg milk for the grass and mixed pastures respectively. The proportion of legumes in the mixed pasture averaged 0.35 in 1990/91 and 0.20 in 1991/92. Available herbage dry matter was higher for the grass pasture ( 4.43 v. 4.11 t/ha) but …
Animal Production And Dynamics Of Pangola Grass, Ryegrass, And White Clover As Influenced By Grazing Pressure, A De Moraes, G E. Maraschin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A grazing experiment was conducted at the Estacao Experimental Agronomica - UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul, RS, from June 1989 to March 1990, to evaluate a mixed pasture of pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and white clover (Trifolium repens) under 4 levels of grazing pressure (GP), namely: 3.S, 7 ,0, 10.5 and 14.0 kg DM of forage on offer /100 kg live weight (LW), with 2 field replications. Average live-weight gain (LWG) decreased as grazing pressure increased. Maximum LWG was obtained at grazing pressures of approximately 12%, which was associated with DM residues …
Cultivated Pasture, Forage On Offer And Animal Responseg,
2025
UFRGS
Cultivated Pasture, Forage On Offer And Animal Responseg, G E. Maraschin, A De Moraes, L.F. A. Da Silva, J Riboldi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Animal gains on pasture are influenced by the forage dry mailer on offer (DMO). To ascertain this relationship a pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha) pasture was evaluated under forage DMO levels of 3.5%, 7.0%, 10.5% and 14.0% of live weight (LW)/head/day. Two steers were assigned to each treatment as tester animals plus a number of put-andtake steers to maintain the desired levels of forage DMO, at the Estacao Experimental Agronomica • UFRGS • 30°S, from November 1989 to March 1990 (period I) and from October 1990 to May 1991 (period II). Pasture DM production and crude protein were not …
