Seismology And Volcanology: Exploration Of Volcanoes, Long-Periods, And Machines - Predicting Volcano Eruption Using Signature Seismic Data,
2018
Southern Methodist University
Seismology And Volcanology: Exploration Of Volcanoes, Long-Periods, And Machines - Predicting Volcano Eruption Using Signature Seismic Data, Kyle Killion, Rajeev Kumar, Celia J. Taylor, Gabriele Morra
SMU Data Science Review
Abstract. Seismo-volcanologists manually isolate and verify long-period waves and Strombolian events using seismic and acoustic waves. This is a very detailed and time-consuming process. This project is to employ machine learning algorithms to find models which locate long-period and Strombolian signatures automatically. By comparing the timing of seismic and acoustic waves, clustering techniques effectively isolated big volcanic events and aided in the further refinement of techniques to capture the hundreds of typical daily Strombolian events at Villarrica volcano. Within the research, we utilized the unsupervised machine learning environment to locate a group of signatures for customizing machine learned long-period signature …
Diverse Eruptive Activity Revealed By Acoustic And Electromagnetic Observations Of The 14 July 2013 Intense Vulcanian Eruption Of Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador,
2018
Boise State University
Diverse Eruptive Activity Revealed By Acoustic And Electromagnetic Observations Of The 14 July 2013 Intense Vulcanian Eruption Of Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador, J. F. Anderson, J. B. Johnson, A. L. Steele, M. C. Ruiz, B. D. Brand
CGISS Publications and Presentations
During the powerful July 2013 eruption of Tungurahua volcano, Ecuador, we recorded exceptionally high amplitude, long‐period infrasound (1,600‐Pa peak‐to‐peak amplitude, 5.5‐s period) on sensors within 2km of the vent alongside electromagnetic signals from volcanic lightning serendipitously captured as interference. This explosion was one of Tungurahua's most powerful vulcanian eruptions since recent activity began in 1999, and its acoustic wave is among the most powerful volcanic infrasound ever recorded anywhere. We use these data to quantify erupted volume from the main explosion and to classify postexplosive degassing into distinct emission styles. Additionally, we demonstrate a highly effective method of recording lightning‐related …
Ice Core Records Of West Greenland Melt And Climate Forcing,
2018
Boise State University
Ice Core Records Of West Greenland Melt And Climate Forcing, H.P. Marshall, T. Meehan
CGISS Publications and Presentations
Remote sensing observations and climate models indicate that the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has been losing mass since the late 1990s, mostly due to enhanced surface melting from rising summer temperatures. However, in situ observational records of GrIS melt rates over recent decades are rare. Here we develop a record of frozen meltwater in the west GrIS percolation zone preserved in seven firn cores. Quantifying ice layer distribution as a melt feature percentage (MFP), we find significant increases in MFP in the southernmost five cores over the past 50 years to unprecedented modern levels (since 1550 CE). Annual to decadal …
Spectral Analysis Of Surface Waves To Detect Subsurface Voids,
2018
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Spectral Analysis Of Surface Waves To Detect Subsurface Voids, Payman Hajiani, Neil Lennart Anderson, J. David Rogers
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Systems and methods for detecting a subsurface cavity. A source applies a force to ground under inspection and a plurality of sensors coupled to the ground detect resulting surface waves. A processor is configured to extract phase and frequency components of the acquired seismic data, identify a phase shift in surface waves in the ground under inspection based on the extracted phase and frequency components, and determine one or more physical characteristics of a subsurface cavity based on the identified phase shift
Regional Stress Regime Study Of East Texas Based On Orientation Of Fractures In The Weches Formation,
2018
Stephen F Austin State University
Regional Stress Regime Study Of East Texas Based On Orientation Of Fractures In The Weches Formation, Cory D. Ellison
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Fractures in the Weches Formation in a roughly 50 mile radius around Nacogdoches, Texas were documented and analyzed using data obtained at various outcrops. This data was used to infer information about the regional stress regime based on the direction of maximum/minimum horizontal stresses (SHmax / SHmin) that formed the fractures. This is based on the principle that systematic, steeply dipping, mode I joints propagate in the direction of SHmax and normal to the direction of SHmin. Joints in the Weches Formation are typically iron filled and are predominantly opening mode, indicated by crack-seal formation, steep dip (700 – 900) …
Investigation On Relationships Between Optical Properties And Cell Concentrations Of Microalgae,
2018
Montana Tech
Investigation On Relationships Between Optical Properties And Cell Concentrations Of Microalgae, Zhaoming Zhou
Graduate Theses & Non-Theses
Biofuel from microalgae is a very promising renewable energy resource. Growth of microalgae depends on ambient temperature, appropriate nutrients in water, and light condition for photosynthesis. As microalgae grow, the depth of light penetration decreases and the growing conditions at depth deteriorate. Monitoring of microalgae concentration during their growing phase is imperative to ensure efficiency in biomass production. Conventionally, cell concentration (number of cells per unit volume) of microalgae solution is estimated by taking images of samples under microscope and then counted and estimated using the Metallized Hemacytometer Hausser Bright-Linewe (MHHBL) method developed by Hausser Scientific. This method of measuring …
Geologic Mapping Of The Bronson North And Bronson South 7.5-Minute Quadrangles, Branch County, Michigan,
2018
Western Michigan University
Geologic Mapping Of The Bronson North And Bronson South 7.5-Minute Quadrangles, Branch County, Michigan, Karl John Backhaus
Masters Theses
This study contributes to a better understanding of the glacial history of southwest Michigan through detailed surficial geologic and bedrock topography mapping within the Bronson North and Bronson South Quadrangles in Branch County, Michigan. This project was supported during the summer of 2017 by the USGS EDMAP program in conjunction with the Michigan Geological Survey. Hand-auger borings, grain size analysis tests, passive seismic depth-to-bedrock measurements, and ground penetrating radar transects were collected for this study. There are 350 feet of bedrock relief from west to east across the quadrangles, including a bedrock cuesta of Mississippian Coldwater Shale. This cuesta underlies …
Mapping Bedrock Topography Of The Portage And Schoolcraft Nw 7.5’ Quadrangles, Kalamazoo Co. Mi, Using The Hvsr Passive Seismic Method,
2018
Western Michigan University
Mapping Bedrock Topography Of The Portage And Schoolcraft Nw 7.5’ Quadrangles, Kalamazoo Co. Mi, Using The Hvsr Passive Seismic Method, Benjamin B. Seiderman
Masters Theses
This study utilizes the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) technique to map bedrock topography in the Portage and Schoolcraft NW quadrangles, Kalamazoo Co., MI, looking for buried bedrock valleys. Glacial sediment-landform assemblages dominate the study area, due to multiple advances of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS). Tunnel valleys, which are one type of buried valley, are eroded by subglacial meltwater and commonly filled with the coarser varieties of glacial outwash, making them potential aquifers. The HVSR technique measures the ratio of horizontal to vertical ground motion, excited by ambient seismic noise, resulting in a peak at the resonance frequency. …
Sh-Wave Seismic Reflection Imaging And Inversion: An Analysis Of Architectural And Physical Properties Of A Near-Surface Point-Bar,
2018
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Sh-Wave Seismic Reflection Imaging And Inversion: An Analysis Of Architectural And Physical Properties Of A Near-Surface Point-Bar, Nathan William Benton
LSU Master's Theses
Both architecture and physical properties of near-surface point-bar sediment packages have not be imaged or analyzed via SH-wave seismic reflection surveying, respectively. Point-bar architecture within near-surface environments characterized by conductive, saturated, and/or unconsolidated sediments cannot be well-imaged with other remote sensing methods compared to the SH-wave seismic reflection surveying method. The physical properties that distinguish different point-bar sediment packages are variably altered during early-stage diagenetic processes such as compaction and dewatering, thereby changing SH-wave seismic velocities and subsequently shear impedance of different sediment packages. This study accomplishes two objectives by acquiring, processing, and inverting seismic reflection data from two surveys …
Interseismic Coupling-Based Earthquake And Tsunami Scenarios For The Nankai Trough,
2018
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Interseismic Coupling-Based Earthquake And Tsunami Scenarios For The Nankai Trough, Hannah Baranes, Jon D. Woodruff, John P. Loveless, M. Hyodo
Geosciences: Faculty Publications
Theoretical modeling and investigations of recent subduction zone earthquakes show that geodetic estimates of interseismic coupling and the spatial distribution of coseismic rupture are correlated. However, the utility of contemporary coupling in guiding construction of rupture scenarios has not been evaluated on the world’s most hazardous faults. Here we demonstrate methods for scaling coupling to slip to create rupture models for southwestern Japan’s Nankai Trough. Results show that coupling-based models produce distributions of ground surface deformation and tsunami inundation that are similar to historical and geologic records of the largest known Nankai earthquake in CE 1707 and to an independent, …
Forecasting The Eruption Of An Open‐Vent Volcano Using Resonant Infrasound Tones,
2018
Boise State University
Forecasting The Eruption Of An Open‐Vent Volcano Using Resonant Infrasound Tones, Jeffrey B. Johnson, Leighton M. Watson, Jose L. Palma, Eric M. Dunham, Jacob F. Anderson
CGISS Publications and Presentations
Open‐vent volcanic systems with active degassing are particularly effective at producing infrasound that exhibits resonant tones controlled by the geometry of the volcano's crater. Changes in the infrasound character can thus provide constraints on a crater's lava level, which may vary dynamically in the lead‐up to an eruption. Here we show that the increasing frequency content and damping characteristics of the resonant infrasound at Volcán Villarrica (Chile) relate to lava lake position in its crater/conduit preceding its 2015 eruption. We model the acoustic response of Villarrica's crater to determine that the lake began to rise on 27 February and reached …
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics Of Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations And Bioactivity In The Hyporheic Zone,
2018
University of Idaho
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics Of Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations And Bioactivity In The Hyporheic Zone, W. Jeffery Reeder, Annika M. Quick, Tiffany B. Farrell, Shawn G. Benner, Kevin P. Feris, Daniele Tonina
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and consumption rates are primary indicators of heterotrophic respiration and redox conditions in the hyporheic zone (HZ). Due to the complexity of hyporheic flow and interactions between hyporheic hydraulics and the biogeochemical processes, a detailed, mechanistic, and predictive understanding of the biogeochemical activity in the HZ has not yet been developed. Previous studies of microbial activity in the HZ have treated the metabolic DO consumption rate constant (KDO) as a temporally fixed and spatially homogeneous property that is determined primarily by the concentration of bioavailable carbon. These studies have generally treated bioactivity as temporally …
Caves As Observatories For Atmospheric Thermal Tides: An Example From Ascunsă Cave, Romania,
2018
Emil Racoviță Institute of Speleology
Caves As Observatories For Atmospheric Thermal Tides: An Example From Ascunsă Cave, Romania, Virgil Drăgușin, Laura Tîrlă, Nicoleta Cadicheanu, Vasile Ersek, Ionuț Mirea
International Journal of Speleology
As part of a microclimate study at Ascunsă Cave, Romania, we used Gemini Tinytag Plus 2 data loggers to record cave air temperature variability. At one of the monitoring points we recognized the presence of semidiurnal cycles on the order of a few thousands of a degree Celsius that could be produced under the influence of the semidiurnal tidal components of the Sun (S2) or the Moon (M2). Using a Gemini Tinytag Plus 2 data logger with an external probe we measured core rock temperature and showed that it does not influence the cave air temperature …
Geologic Framework Of The Fang Hot Springs Area With Emphasis On Structure, Hydrology, And Geothermal Development, Chiang Mai Provence, Northern Thailand,
2018
Boise State University
Geologic Framework Of The Fang Hot Springs Area With Emphasis On Structure, Hydrology, And Geothermal Development, Chiang Mai Provence, Northern Thailand, Spencer H. Wood, Pichet Kaewsomwang, Fongsaward Suvagondha Singharajwarapan
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Geologic mapping, a magnetotelluric survey, well data, and earlier reports are integrated to guide further development of the Fang geothermal system. The Fang Hot Springs originally flowed ~ 20 l s−1 of 90–99 °C water from a 10-hectare area of crystal- line rocks presumed to be of Triassic age. Four wells 92–500 m deep now flow ~ 20 l s−1 of 110–115 °C water and generate 115–250 kWe from the 1989 Ormat binary power plant. Wells are not pumped nor is the spent water re-injected. Temperatures of 130 °C occur in some wells and water chemistry indicates reservoir …
How To Monitor Possible Side Effects Of Enhanced Oil Recovery Process,
2018
Mexican Petroleum Institute
How To Monitor Possible Side Effects Of Enhanced Oil Recovery Process, Jose Manuel Dominguez Esquivel, Solymar Ayala Cortez, Aaron A. Velasco, Vladik Kreinovich
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
To extract all the oil from a well, petroleum engineers pump hot reactive chemicals into the well. This enhanced oil recovery process needs to be thoroughly monitored, since the aggressively hot liquid can seep out and, if unchecked, eventually pollute the sources of drinking water. At present, to monitor this process, engineers measure the seismic waves generated when the liquid fractures the minerals. However, the resulting seismic waves are weak in comparison with the background noise. Thus, the accuracy with which we can locate the spreading liquid based on these weak signals is low, and we get only a very …
One Diamictite And Two Rifts: Stratigraphy And Geochronology Of The Gataga Mountain Of Northern British Columbia,
2018
Harvard University
One Diamictite And Two Rifts: Stratigraphy And Geochronology Of The Gataga Mountain Of Northern British Columbia, Athena Eyster, Filippo Ferri, Mark D. Schmitz, Francis A. Macdonald
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Neoproterozoic glacial diamictites and rift-related volcanics are preserved throughout the North American Cordillera, yet the nature and timing of both glaciation and rifting are poorly constrained. New geochronological, geochemical, and stratigraphic data from the Cryogenian Gataga volcanics and bounding units at Gataga Mountain, in the Kechika Trough of northern British Columbia, better constrain the age of these rift-related volcanics and suggest that they erupted during glaciation. At Gataga Mountain, three informal sequences are exposed; a basal quartzite, the Gataga volcanics, and an overlying mixed carbonate-siliciclastic succession. The basal quartzite is dominated by cross-bedded sandstone with an intertidal facies assemblage including …
Evidence Of The 1762 Arakan And Prior Earthquakes In The Northern Sunda Subduction,
2018
CUNY Graduate Center
Evidence Of The 1762 Arakan And Prior Earthquakes In The Northern Sunda Subduction, Dhiman Ranjan Mondal
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The objective of this dissertation is to understand the seismic hazard associated with Arakan segment of the northern Sunda subduction along SE Bangladesh. In order to do that, it is necessary to document geologic evidence for the 1762 Arakan earthquake and prior events, to help estimate the recurrence interval (repeat time) for that earthquake. Historical records described that the 1762 earthquake caused extensive damage along the Arakan segment of the Sunda subduction system. But the geologic evidence for the earthquake farther north is necessary to better understand its associated seismic hazard to the densely populated nation of Bangladesh. This dissertation …
Postaragonite Phases Of Caco3 At Lower Mantle Pressures,
2018
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Postaragonite Phases Of Caco3 At Lower Mantle Pressures, Dean Smith, Keith V. Lawler, Miguel Martinez-Canales, Austin W. Daykin, G. Alexander Smith, Christian Childs, Jesse S. Smith, Chris J. Pickard, Ashkan Salamat
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research
The stability, structure, and properties of carbonate minerals at lower mantle conditions have significant impact on our understanding of the global carbon cycle and the composition of the interior of the Earth. In recent years there has been significant interest in the behavior of carbonates at lower mantle conditions, specifically in their carbon hybridization, which has relevance for the storage of carbon within the deep mantle. Using high-pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell coupled with direct laser heating of CaCO3 using a CO2 laser, we identify a crystalline phase of the material above 40 GPa—corresponding to a …
Failure Of The Alexander Dam Embankment And Reconstruction Using Drainage Mitigation On Kauai, Hawaii, 1930-1932,
2018
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Failure Of The Alexander Dam Embankment And Reconstruction Using Drainage Mitigation On Kauai, Hawaii, 1930-1932, Kerry D. Cato, J. David Rogers
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Alexander Dam is a hydraulic fill earth dam and the second-highest embankment dam in Hawaii, having been built in 1929-1932 on the south side of the Hawaiian island of Kauai to provide irrigation for McBryde Sugar Company Ltd. It was constructed across Wahiawa Stream mauka (Hawaiian for "stream that comes from the mountains," literally "toward the mountains"), upstream of Kalaheo, to store 800 million gallons (5 million m3) of water to irrigate sugarcane fields. The embankment dam was intended to have a maximum height of 125 ft (38 m), a crest length of 620 ft (189 m), and a maximum …
John Frank Stevens: Panama Canal Mastermind And Pioneering Railroad Pathfinder,
2018
Missouri University of Science and Technology
John Frank Stevens: Panama Canal Mastermind And Pioneering Railroad Pathfinder, J. David Rogers, Lawrence M. Magura
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
John Frank Stevens began his civil engineering career as a rodman on a survey crew in Maine in 1872. He soon moved to Minneapolis, where he apprenticed himself, eventually becoming Assistant City Engineer. In 1876 he began working for railroads in the western United States. In 1882 Stevens began working for a contractor laying tracks for the Canadian Pacific Railroad in Saskatchewan. The next spring he became assistant engineer of location for the Canadian Pacific, completing the first transcontinental line linking Montreal with Vancouver in 1888. In 1889 James Jerome Hill retained Stevens as chief pathfinder for the new Great …
