Murphy Scale: A Locational Equivalent Intensity Scale For Hazard Events,
2022
Chapman University
Murphy Scale: A Locational Equivalent Intensity Scale For Hazard Events, Yi Victor Wang, Antonia Sebastian
Institute for ECHO Articles and Research
Empirical cross-hazard analysis and prediction of disaster vulnerability, resilience, and risk requires a common metric of hazard strengths across hazard types. In this paper, the authors propose an equivalent intensity scale for cross-hazard evaluation of hazard strengths of events for entire durations at locations. The proposed scale is called the Murphy Scale, after Professor Colleen Murphy. A systematic review and typology of hazard strength metrics is presented to facilitate the delineation of the defining dimensions of the proposed scale. An empirical methodology is introduced to derive equivalent intensities of hazard events on a Murphy Scale. Using historical data on …
An Interdisciplinary Approach To Understanding Volcanoes And Their Processes,
2022
University of New Mexico
An Interdisciplinary Approach To Understanding Volcanoes And Their Processes, Katherine Cosburn
Physics & Astronomy ETDs
To better understand volcanoes and their processes is important from both a fundamental science perspective and for hazard monitoring purposes. The complexity and limitations we face in pursuing such a science are numerous and this dissertation explores how an interdisciplinary approach combining physics, computer science, and volcanology can address this complexity in a straightforward and meaningful way. This is achieved through various modelling techniques across three studies: (1) a first-order analytic modelling of stratovolcano topographic shape, (2) the use of a Bayesian joint inversion on gravity and novel cosmic-ray muon measurements for imaging flat-lying subsurface density anomalies, and (3) the …
Characterization Of Quaternary Stratigraphy In The Mississippi Sound To Evaluate The Influence Of Geologic Heterogeneity On Submarine Groundwater Transport And Discharge,
2022
Mississippi State University
Characterization Of Quaternary Stratigraphy In The Mississippi Sound To Evaluate The Influence Of Geologic Heterogeneity On Submarine Groundwater Transport And Discharge, Zachary Peoples
Theses and Dissertations
Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) through seafloor sediments is gaining recognition as an important component of coastal water quality. Stratigraphic features creating geologic heterogeneity, such as incised paleochannels, may influence preferential pathways for SGD. The central Mississippi Sound is underlain by paleochannels that were incised into Pleistocene sediments while the area was subaerially exposed during the last glacial maximum and are now buried by transgressive Holocene deposits. In this thesis, newly collected chirp, previously published seismic reflection, and sediment core data are used to characterize the three-dimensional structure of the Holocene-Pleistocene contact. Results indicate that Pleistocene paleochannels cross-cut the study area, …
Using Geologic Principles And Data To Create A Symphony For Wind Ensemble,
2022
Eastern Washington University
Using Geologic Principles And Data To Create A Symphony For Wind Ensemble, Thomas J. Davis
2022 Symposium
Geology and geologic processes have featured in many pieces of classical music such as Alan Hovhaness’ symphonic works after Mt. St. Helens and Glacier Peak but these pieces are impressionistic and only take general inspiration from the geology of their subjects. This paper describes the creation of Tectonics (2021) a piece which incorporates and describes many geologic principles and processes, such as mantle convection, through the musical form of cannon, the formation of fold and thrust belts whose cross sections are directly visually recreated in the score, and the physical dynamics of earthquake waves demonstrated through variations of pitch and …
Final Inversion Of The Midcontinent Rift During The Rigolet Phase Of The Grenvillian Orogeny,
2022
Boise State University
Final Inversion Of The Midcontinent Rift During The Rigolet Phase Of The Grenvillian Orogeny, Mark D. Schmitz
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Despite being a prominent continental-scale feature, the late Mesoproterozoic North American Midcontinent Rift did not result in the break-up of Laurentia, and subsequently underwent structural inversion. The timing of inversion is critical for constraining far-field effects of orogenesis and processes associated with the rift's failure. The Keweenaw fault in northern Michigan (USA) is a major thrust structure associated with rift inversion; it places ca. 1093 Ma rift volcanic rocks atop the post-rift Jacobsville Formation, which is folded in its footwall. Previous detrital zircon (DZ) U-Pb geochronology conducted by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) assigned a ca. 950 Ma maximum …
Volcano Infrasound: Progress And Future Directions,
2022
Boise State University
Volcano Infrasound: Progress And Future Directions, Jacob F. Anderson, Jeffrey B. Johnson
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Over the past two decades (2000–2020), volcano infrasound (acoustic waves with frequencies less than 20 Hz propagating in the atmosphere) has evolved from an area of academic research to a useful monitoring tool. As a result, infrasound is routinely used by volcano observatories around the world to detect, locate, and characterize volcanic activity. It is particularly useful in confirming subaerial activity and monitoring remote eruptions, and it has shown promise in forecasting paroxysmal activity at open-vent systems. Fundamental research on volcano infrasound is providing substantial new insights on eruption dynamics and volcanic processes and will continue to do so over …
Computational Approaches To Understanding Subduction Zone Geodynamics, Surface Heat Flow, And The Metamorphic Rock Record,
2022
Boise State University
Computational Approaches To Understanding Subduction Zone Geodynamics, Surface Heat Flow, And The Metamorphic Rock Record, Buchanan C. Kerswell
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
Pressure-temperature (PT) estimates from exhumed high-pressure (HP) metamorphic rocks and global surface heat flow observations evidently encode information about subduction zone thermal structure and the nature of mechanical and chemical processing of subducted materials along the interface between converging plates. Previous work demonstrates the possibility of decoding such geodynamic information by comparing numerical geodynamic models with empirical observations of surface heat flow and the metamorphic rock record. However, ambiguous interpretations can arise from this line of inquiry with respect to thermal gradients, plate coupling, and detachment and recovery of subducted materials. This dissertation applies a variety of computational techniques to …
Feasibility Assessment On Use Of Proximal Geophysical Sensors To Support Precision Management,
2022
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Feasibility Assessment On Use Of Proximal Geophysical Sensors To Support Precision Management, Sophia M. Becker
School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Soil property maps provide information for field management activities such as irrigation, fertilization, and seeding. Many on-the-go proximal geophysical sensors have been developed in recent decades that can help map agricultural fields without dense soil sampling. To utilize these technologies most profitably in precision management, scientists and precision agriculture dealers must better understand sensors’ performances in given field conditions and the economic value of different proximal soil sensing methods. Chapter two reports the study that was conducted at three sites in North Dakota, United States to strengthen understanding of the usefulness of different proximal geophysical data types in agricultural contexts …
Characterization And Evolution Of The Professor Valley Pennsylvanian Salt Body (Paradox Basin, Ut) Using Gravity And Magnetotellurics,
2022
The University of Texas at El Paso
Characterization And Evolution Of The Professor Valley Pennsylvanian Salt Body (Paradox Basin, Ut) Using Gravity And Magnetotellurics, Derek Scott
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Syndepositional halokinetic movement of the Pennsylvanian Paradox Formation in the Paradox Basin, UT & CO behaved as a control over the development of depositional systems during the Late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic periods (Trudgill, 2011). Understanding the controls on halokinetic evolution in the area serves as an invaluable outcrop analogue for similar subsurface salt bodies in petroleum-bearing basins and provides key insights for hydrocarbon exploration in salt basins world wide. Professor Valley, located 15 miles Northeast of Moab, UT is situated between the Fisher Valley (Onion Creek) and Cache/Salt Valley salt walls. It includes an anomalous, isolated 0.5 km² outcrop …
A Conservative Numerical Scheme For The Multilayer Shallow Water Equations,
2022
Clemson University
A Conservative Numerical Scheme For The Multilayer Shallow Water Equations, Evan Butterworth
All Theses
An energy-conserving numerical scheme is developed for the multilayer shallow water equations (SWE’s). The scheme is derived through the Hamiltonian formulation of the inviscid shallow water flows related to the vorticity-divergence variables. Through the employment of the skew-symmetric Poisson bracket, the continuous system for the multilayer SWE’s is shown to preserve an infinite number of quantities, most notably the energy and enstrophy. An energy-preserving numerical scheme is then developed through the careful discretization of the Hamiltonian and the Poisson bracket, ensuring the skew-symmetry of the latter. This serves as the groundwork for developing additional schemes that preserve other conservation properties …
Quantitative Analysis Of The Maximum Rate And Minimum Duration For A 200 Km Stepwise Retreat Of The Bindschadler Ice Stream At ~11.5 Cal Kyr Bp,
2022
Louisiana State University
Quantitative Analysis Of The Maximum Rate And Minimum Duration For A 200 Km Stepwise Retreat Of The Bindschadler Ice Stream At ~11.5 Cal Kyr Bp, Matthew E Kratochvil
LSU Master's Theses
Small-scale morainal ridges on the middle continental shelf of the Whales Deep Basin partly record the rapid opening of a 200-km grounding line embayment slightly after ~11.5 cal kyr BP. The overlapping pattern of backstepped moraines indicates that the grounding line oscillated back and forth during the retreat. Published sediment fluxes were combined with new sediment volume mapping of the moraines to infer the rates at which the grounding line retreated. The analyses indicate that the rates of grounding line retreat on the eastern flank of the embayment ranged from ~490 m a-1 to 1,300 m a-1. …
Seismic Inversion And Modeling For Improving Earthquake Hazard Assessment,
2022
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Seismic Inversion And Modeling For Improving Earthquake Hazard Assessment, Rasheed Ajala
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The substantial research and the uncertain timeline to achieve deterministic earthquake prediction make the ground-shaking estimation of realistic earthquake scenarios a helpful approach in seismic hazard assessment. The accuracy of these computations depends on having structural subsurface models with good representations of sedimentary basins, fault zones, and crustal heterogeneity. We develop higher resolution seismic models for the Coachella Valley in Southern California and Indo-Burma. These areas have rising populations, expanding infrastructure, and highly anticipated disruptive earthquakes. We utilize data from recent seismic deployments and newly developed seismic imaging algorithms and the techniques of travel time tomography, wave propagation simulation, and …
Gps Observations Of Subsidence In South Louisiana Over Seasonal And Sub-Seasonal Timescales Associated With Hydrologic Loading,
2022
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Gps Observations Of Subsidence In South Louisiana Over Seasonal And Sub-Seasonal Timescales Associated With Hydrologic Loading, Nicholas Schuler
LSU Master's Theses
Louisiana’s primary environmental concern is arguably coastal wetland loss due to high subsidence rates, previously estimated to range from 1-14 mm/yr across much of the coast. Spatially and temporally varying strong short-term and seasonal components of deformation associated with changes in hydrologic loading throughout the year can give information about the elastic properties of the shallow crust, having implications for better understanding long-term subsidence trends across the region. Therefore, we quantify and characterize vertical deformation that occurs on annual to sub-annual timescales across southeast Louisiana. Vertical deformation is evaluated using publicly available daily GPS positions from 2016–2020 at 16 stations …
Comparing Satellite Vs Marine Potential Fields Data Over The Bathymetrists Seamounts,
2022
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Comparing Satellite Vs Marine Potential Fields Data Over The Bathymetrists Seamounts, Alexa Fernandez, Irina Filina
UNL Student Research Days Posters, Graduate
The Bathymetrists Seamounts (BSM) are located north of the Sierra Leone Rise (SLR) in the mid-Atlantic Ocean. The seamounts reside on oceanic crust that is 105 to 45 million years old. However, dredging over the Bathymetrists Seamounts dated rocks at ~40 Myr. The general trend of the seamounts contradicts the eastward motion of the African tectonic plate. The origin and tectonic history of the Bathymetrists Seamounts remains debated in literature. Potential fields (gravity and magnetic) data can provide important insight into the formation and evolution of the seamounts. The purpose of this study is to compare available gravity and magnetic …
Processing Seismic, Gravity And Magnetic Data Over Diebold
Knoll On Juan De Fuca Plate,
2022
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Processing Seismic, Gravity And Magnetic Data Over Diebold Knoll On Juan De Fuca Plate, Md Ariful Islam, Irina Filina
UNL Student Research Days Posters, Graduate
The Juan de Fuca plate is subducting beneath the North American plate along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. The CSZ is associated with multiple earthquakes, although compared to other subduction zones, it is less active. Many studies suggest that subduction will cause major mega thrust earthquake in near future, while others oppose this view. This project is focused on the Diebold Knoll on the JdF plate Various geophysical methods will be integrated to determine its origin and tectonic history.
A Robust Age Model For The Cryogenian Pocatello Formation Of Southeastern Idaho (Northwestern Usa) From Tandem In Situ And Isotope Dilution U-Pb Dating Of Volcanic Tuffs And Epiclastic Detrital Zircons,
2022
Boise State University
A Robust Age Model For The Cryogenian Pocatello Formation Of Southeastern Idaho (Northwestern Usa) From Tandem In Situ And Isotope Dilution U-Pb Dating Of Volcanic Tuffs And Epiclastic Detrital Zircons, Vincent H. Isakson, Mark D. Schmitz, Carol M. Dehler, Francis A. Macdonald, W. Adolph Yonkee
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Tandem in situ and isotope dilution U-Pb analysis of zircons from pyroclastic volcanic rocks and both glacial and non-glacial sedimentary strata of the Pocatello Formation (Idaho, northwestern USA) provides new age constraints on Cryogenian glaciation in the North American Cordillera. Two dacitic tuffs sampled within glacigenic strata of the lower diamictite interval of the Scout Mountain Member yield high-precision chemical abrasion isotope dilution U-Pb zircon eruption and depositional ages of 696.43 ± 0.21 and 695.17 ± 0.20 Ma. When supplemented by a new high-precision detrital zircon maximum depositional age of ≤ 670 Ma for shoreface and offshore sandstones unconformably overlying …
Systematic Integration Of Applications Into The Surface Biology And Geology (Sbg) Earth Mission Architecture Study,
2022
California Institute of Technology
Systematic Integration Of Applications Into The Surface Biology And Geology (Sbg) Earth Mission Architecture Study, Christine M. Lee, Nancy F. Glenn, E. Natasha Stavros, Jeff Luvall, Karen Yuen, Stephanie Schollaert Uz
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
The Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) concept is the first National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth mission to develop and implement systematic integration of science application needs at the architecture study stage. Prior NASA mission concept and planning activities presumed that science measurement needs would encompasss application measurement needs and so did not explicitly evaluate and include applications at this stage. However, the effort presented here identified, documented and integrated application needs that would not have been included by considering research science needs only. First, a low latency of no greater than 24 hr was identified as the optimal …
Observations On The Stress Related Variations Of Soil Radon Concentration In The Gulf Of Corinth, Greece,
2022
National Observatory of Athens
Observations On The Stress Related Variations Of Soil Radon Concentration In The Gulf Of Corinth, Greece, Vassilios K. Karastathis, George Eleftheriou, Menas Kafatos, Kanaris Tsinganos, G-Akis Tselentis, Evangelos Mouzakiotis, Dimitar Ouzounov
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Our observations indicate a characteristic pattern in the long-term variation of soil radon concentrations, which seems to be consistent with the expected variation of regional stress in relation to seismicity. However, it seems that the major changes in radon level begin before the rock rapture, i.e. before the earthquake occurs. These conclusions have emerged after long-term observations with continuous and thorough real-time gamma-radiation monitoring in the seismically active area of the Gulf of Corinth, Greece. The recordings acquired close to a hot spring were of very high quality, implying that the deep hydraulic flow can possibly play a key role …
Potassic Volcanism Induced By Mantle Upwelling Through A Slab Window: Evidence From Shear Wave Splitting Analyses In Central Java,
2022
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Potassic Volcanism Induced By Mantle Upwelling Through A Slab Window: Evidence From Shear Wave Splitting Analyses In Central Java, Fansheng Kong, Stephen S. Gao, Kelly H. Liu, Jiabiao Li
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
To delineate the mantle flow fields in the vicinity of a previously proposed slab window and the possible roles that they may play in the formation of potassic volcanism in Central Java, we conduct shear wave splitting analyses using both local S and teleseismic XKS waves (including SKS, SKKS, and PKS) recorded by 121 onshore stations and two ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs). The XKS fast orientations from the OBSs are trench normal and in accord with previous subslab anisotropy measurements. In the eastern part of Central Java, the XKS and local S fast orientations from the onshore stations are mostly …
Continental Break-Up Under A Convergent Setting: Insights From P Wave Radial Anisotropy Tomography Of The Woodlark Rift In Papua New Guinea,
2022
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Continental Break-Up Under A Convergent Setting: Insights From P Wave Radial Anisotropy Tomography Of The Woodlark Rift In Papua New Guinea, Youqiang Yu, Frederik Tilmann, Dapeng Zhao, Stephen S. Gao, Kelly H. Liu
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
To explore the dynamic mechanism of continental rifting within a convergent setting, we determine the first P wave radial anisotropic tomography beneath the Woodlark rift in southeastern Papua New Guinea, which develops within the obliquely colliding zone between the Australian and southwest Pacific plates. The rift zone is depicted as localized low-velocity anomalies with positive radial anisotropy, which rules out a dominant role of active mantle upwelling in promoting the rift development and favors passive rifting with decompression melting as main processes. Downwelling slab relics in the upper mantle bounding the rift zone are revealed based on observed high-velocity anomalies …
