Endangered Species Research In Hawaii: The Early Years (1965–87),
2016
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Endangered Species Research In Hawaii: The Early Years (1965–87), Michael J. Scott, Cameron B. Kepler
United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications
Hawaii is an ecologically isolated archipelago 2,500 miles from the nearest continent. Its isolation resulted in a taxonomically unbalanced flora and fauna with remarkable examples of adaptive radiation among those groups of organisms that won the dispersal sweepstakes. It was one of the last oceanic island groups to be populated by humans, about 900 A.D. by Polynesian travelers and in 1778 by Europeans. Relatively recent colonization by humans did not save it, however, from the biodiversity losses suffered by other isolated archipelagos—it only delayed them (Scott and others, 1988; Pratt and others, 2009a).
Modeling The Effects Of Tile Drain Placement On The Hydrologic Function Of Farmed Prairie Wetlands1,
2016
Centre College, Danville
Modeling The Effects Of Tile Drain Placement On The Hydrologic Function Of Farmed Prairie Wetlands1, Brett Werner, John Tracy, W. Carter Johnson, Richard A. Voldseth, Glenn R. Guntenspergen, Bruce Millett
United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications
The early 2000s saw large increases in agricultural tile drainage in the eastern Dakotas of North America. Agricultural practices that drain wetlands directly are sometimes limited by wetland protection pro- grams. Little is known about the impacts of tile drainage beyond the delineated boundaries of wetlands in upland catchments that may be in agricultural production. A series of experiments were conducted using the well-published model WETLANDSCAPE that revealed the potential for wetlands to have significantly shortened surface water inundation periods and lower mean depths when tile is placed in certain locations beyond the wet- land boundary. Under the soil conditions …
The Porosity And Permeability Distribution Of The Shoal Grainstone And Thrombolitic Facies Of The Smackover Formation In Little Cedar Creek And Brooklyn Fields In Southwestern Alabama,
2016
University of Mississippi
The Porosity And Permeability Distribution Of The Shoal Grainstone And Thrombolitic Facies Of The Smackover Formation In Little Cedar Creek And Brooklyn Fields In Southwestern Alabama, Devin Thomas
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Smackover Formation is the most prolific hydrocarbon producer in Alabama, with the Little Cedar Creek and Brooklyn Fields being the two largest producers in Alabama. Unlike other Smackover fields Little Cedar Creek Field and Brooklyn Field production is the result of two reservoirs, known as the shoal grainstone and thrombolite (microbial) boundstone. Even with the success of the Smackover Formation, geographic trends of the porosity and permeability are problematic because production is affected. The distribution of the facies also plays a role in the porosity and permeability. The objective of this study is to delineate porosity and permeability trends …
Eons, Eras And Periods,
2016
West Virginia University, Department of Geology and Geography
Eons, Eras And Periods, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
A discussion of eons, era, periods and epochs of the geologic time scale.
The Silurian Period,
2016
West Virginia University, Department of Geology and Geography
The Silurian Period, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
The Silurian Period is the shortest of all the periods of the Paleozoic Era, lasting only 30 million years from 438 million years ago until 408 million years ago. As the Silurian Period opens, the eastern margin ofLaurentia was dominated by the Taconic Highlands that had been created during the Taconic Orogeny at the close of the Ordovician. The rest of the craton was essentially flat-lying and covered by a shallow sea. Except for the northeastern margin which was involved in a major orogeny following the Taconic Orogeny, Laurentia was tectonically quiet throughout the Silurian. About 10 million years before …
The Permian Period,
2016
West Virginia University, Department of Geology and Geography
The Permian Period, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
The Permian Period was a time of great crisis in Earth's history. The Permian saw the final closure of the Iapetus Ocean that had formed following the breakup of the super continent of Rodinia in the late pre-Cambrian; the closure resulting in the formation of another super-continent, Pangea. It was during the Permian that two of Earth's major mountain chains, the Appalachians and the Urals, were created. The period was one of climatic extremes. By the end of the Permian, Earth had not only experienced its most widespread glaciation but also the formation of deserts the likes of which had …
The Cretaceous Period,
2016
West Virginia University, Department of Geology and Geography
The Cretaceous Period, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
A global rise in sea level occurred during the Cretaceous; as a result, sea level stood as high during the Late Cretaceous than at any other time in the Phanerozoic history of Earth. Although Pangea had begun to breakup during the Early Mesozoic Era, the smaller continents remained tightly clustered at the beginning of Cretaceous time. The continued breakup of Pangea and the dispersion of the newly created continents were among the most important events that occurred during the global geography of the Cretaceous. Especially important was the breakup of Gondwana. Gondwana was still intact at the beginning of the …
The Mississippian Period,
2016
West Virginia University, Department of Geology and Geography
The Mississippian Period, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
The first rocks to attract the attention of the early European were those containing the coals, primarily because of their importance in supplying the source of energy for the Industrial Revolution which began in the mid-1700s. As early as 1808, the coal-bearing rocks were referred to on the Continent as the "bituminous terraine' while the British geologists called them the "Coal Measures" The name Carboniferous was introduced in 1822 by Conybeare and Philips when they were attempting to make sense of the rocks of England and Wales. They proposed that all of the rocks from the Coal Measures down to …
The Cambrian Period,
2016
West Virginia University, Department of Geology and Geography
The Cambrian Period, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
The Cambrian Period extends from 570 million years ago to 505 million years ago. Notwithstanding the discovery of the Ediacara fauna, the Cambrian Period of the Paleozoic Era has historically been taken as the beginning of historical time based on the first appearance of abundant fossil remains. It is interesting to note, however, that where first described, the lower Cambrian was not very fossiliferous.
The Geology Of West Virginia,
2016
West Virginia University, Department of Geology and Geography
The Geology Of West Virginia, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
This is not meant to be a geology textbook but rather a discussion that will help you understand what you see around you every day or if you take a trip around the State. For example, you're on your way to work or to class or you are going shopping. Most likely, you're driving down a wide valley surrounded by hills. What do the hills look like? Why does the topography change as you go from one part of the State to another? In my opinion, of all the states that make up Appalachia, West Virginia is the most interesting …
The Cenozoic Era,
2016
West Virginia University, Department of Geology and Geography
The Cenozoic Era, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
It has been said that the modem world unfolded during the Cenozoic Era. It is true that every feature of the modem landscape was formed during the Cenozoic Era. The Alps and the Himalaya have literally risen from the ocean floor. The Rocky mountains have been formed, worn away and re-uplifted to their present heights. The Appalachian Mountains that had formed at the close of the Paleozoic and worn away by the end of the Triassic, were uplifted and sculpted into their present form during the Cenozoic. All the other mountains of the world were also elevated and sculpted to …
The Devonian Period,
2016
West Virginia University, Department of Geology and Geography
The Devonian Period, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
Until the 19th century, the rocks exposed throughout the provinces of Devonshire and Cornwall in southwestern England had long been considered to be Carboniferous in age because of their content of fossil plants. Closer investigation by Murchison and Sedgwick in 1836, however, showed that only the uppermost portion of these rocks contained fossil plants. Because the lower portion of the rock sequence was devoid of plant fossils, was highly deformed, and resembled the rocks of northwest Wales which they had recently studied, Murchison and Sedgwick assigned the rocks to the Cambrian System. However, local fossil collectors had submitted fossil corals …
Geologic History Of West Virginia,
2016
West Virginia University, Department of Geology and Geography
Geologic History Of West Virginia, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
The exposed rocks and those that underlie the surface of West Virginia record approximately 300M years of Earth history. This may sound like a very long period of time, but in reality, it only represents about 7% of the total age of Eai1h. Before we undertake a discussion of the geologic history of West Virginia, there are some basic topics we should review in order to fully appreciate what will follow. To that end, the following topics will be discussed: 1) The Origin of Earth, 2) The Response of Rocks to Stress, 3) Some Basic Characteristics of Sedimentary Rocks, 4) …
Morphodynamic Modeling Of Fluvial Channel Fill And Avulsion Time Scales During Early Holocene Transgression, As Substantiated By The Incised Valley Stratigraphy Of The Trinity River, Texas,
2016
Rice University
Morphodynamic Modeling Of Fluvial Channel Fill And Avulsion Time Scales During Early Holocene Transgression, As Substantiated By The Incised Valley Stratigraphy Of The Trinity River, Texas, Kaitlin Moran, Jeffrey Nittrouer, Mauricio Perillo, Jorge Lorenzo Trueba, John Anderson
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The Trinity River system provides a natural laboratory for linking fluvial morphodynamics to stratigraphy produced by sea-level rise, because the sediments occupying the Trinity incised valley are well constrained in terms of timing of deposition and facies distribution. Herein, the Trinity River is modeled for a range of base-level rise rates, avulsion thresholds, and water discharges to explore the effects of backwater-induced in-channel sedimentation on channel avulsion. The findings are compared to observed sediment facies to evaluate the capability of a morphodynamic model to reproduce sediment deposition patterns. Base-level rise produces mobile locations of in-channel sedimentation and deltaic channel avulsions. …
Heavy-Oil And Bitumen Resources Of The Big Clifty Sandstone, Northeastern Grayson County And Adjacent Hardin County, Kentucky,
2016
University of Kentucky
Heavy-Oil And Bitumen Resources Of The Big Clifty Sandstone, Northeastern Grayson County And Adjacent Hardin County, Kentucky, J. Richard Bowersox
Report of Investigations--KGS
Rock asphalt (bitumen-saturated sandstone) was produced from the Big Clifty Sandstone near Tar Hill and Big Clifty in northeastern Grayson County, and at Summit in adjacent Hardin County, from 1889 to 1940. Noncommercial amounts of oil were distilled from Big Clifty rock asphalt before 1930. Resource assessments conducted throughout the area during the mid-1920's described substantial rock-asphalt deposits. Later assessments in 1951, 1965, and the early 1980's, however, overlooked the northeastern Grayson County area. A new evaluation in 2015 estimated that the historically developed area between Clifty Creek and meeting Creek, and between the Summit Fault and Eveleigh Fault Zone, …
Aquifers Of Nebraska I: The Codell Aquifer In Northeastern Nebraska,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Aquifers Of Nebraska I: The Codell Aquifer In Northeastern Nebraska, Dana Divine, R. Matthew Joeckel, Sue Olafsen Lackey
Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
Coal Geology: The Origin Of Coal,
2016
West Virginia University, Department of Geology and Geography
Coal Geology: The Origin Of Coal, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
Coal forms from the tissues of plants with the major contributor being the woody tissues, cellulose and lignin, from trees growing in fresh-water wetlands. Land plants first evolved during the early Devonian and by the end of the period had adapted to most terrestrial environments. Beginning in early Pennsylvanian time, vast portions of the eastern portion of Laurentia were covered with coal-forming swamps and bogs, environments that were to be repeated throughout the remainder of the Paleozoic Era and again in the Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary Periods. It was during these times that the combination of climatic conditions and wetland …
A Geology Field Trip,
2016
West Virginia University, Department of Geology and Geography
A Geology Field Trip, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
oduction to Field Trip I had several objectives in mind when I prepared this field trip. I want to develop in you an interest, an understanding, and an appreciation of geology of the region. I want to show you differences between three of the basic physiographic provinces within Appalachia, the Low Plateau, the High Plateau, and the Appalachian Mountain Section of the Valley and Ridge Province. I also want to show you the role that the kinds and structures of the underlying rocks plays in the formation of the topography of a region in order to have you better understand …
Adiabatic Cooling And Warming,
2016
West Virginia University, Department of Geology and Geography
Adiabatic Cooling And Warming, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
In order to understand how deserts form one needs to understand two processes called adiabatic cooling and warming.
Kinds Of Volcanoes,
2016
West Virginia University, Department of Geology and Geography
Kinds Of Volcanoes, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
By definition, a volcano is a conical structure that builds around a volcanic vent. A volcanic vent is an opening from which molten rock and gases erupt. According to the definition, there is no size requirement. There are volcanoes that you can span with your legs while on the other hand, there is Mt. Fiji.
