Polymer Chemistry Commons^™

Swelling Studies Of Poly(Ionic Liquids) In Different Solvents And Salt Solutions, Pierson Perdue, Ali Alshaikh, Creighton Baltier, Jason E. Bara, Sourav Chatterjee

Scholars Week

Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) represented a special class of polymers, which comprised of a polymeric backbone and ionic liquids (ILs) species in each monomeric repeating units. PILs has properties that combined the properties of ionic liquids (ILs) (i.e., high conductivity, better thermal and chemical stability, and tailor-made functionality) with the intrinsic properties of polymer (i.e., mechanical stability). This synergistic property makes PILs a good candidate for various applications such as stable-ion conductors, membranes for gas separations and sorbents. In the past, it was shown that PILs are capable of swelling when dissolved in different ILs but there are few literature reported …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Semi-Interpenetrating And Double Networks Of Sulfonimide- And Imidazolium-Containing Poly(Ionic Liquids), Jeremiah Coughlon, Seth Taylor, Jason Bara, Kevin Miller, Sourav Chatterjee

Scholars Week

In recent years, there has been increased research interest in creating electrically conductive polymer membranes with materials that are widely available and environmentally safe. Herein, we report how polymeric membranes comprised of unique combinations of ionenes and poly(ionic liquids), including a recently developed sulfonimide- and imidazolium-containing methacryloxy-based monomer, were produced via UV photopolymerization. These membranes were specifically tailored to exhibit both ionic conductivity and an affinity for carbon dioxide, which are both crucial characteristics in such applications as electron transport in lithium-ion batteries and gas sorbency in separation techniques. Monomers, such as the aforementioned methacryloxy-based ionic liquid (IL) and C4VIm, …

Synthesis And Properties Of Bio-Based 3d Printable Resins, Cameron Woods, Seth Taylor, Jeremiah Coughlon, Turner Perdue, Sourav Chatterjee, Jason E. Bara

Scholars Week

A photopolymer resin is a monomer that, when introduced to light of a certain wavelength, starts to polymerize into a solid. This has become a growing part of the 3D printing industry. There have been many advancements in the field of 3D printing, however, a lot of these resins are not environmentally friendly and even harmful if not handled in the correct manner. Plant based resins are becoming more and more popular because of their biodegradability and for the possibility of using renewable resources. Glycerol is a plant-based compound that is produced in excess in industry. Glycerol obtained from bioethanol …

Physiochemical Properties Of Urethane-Containing Ionic Liquids And Ionenes From A Non-Isocyanate Synthetic Approach, George Timmermann

Scholars Week

Ionic polymers that are designed to contain ionic liquids (ILs) in their backbones have been shown to exhibit a high degree of variability through changing the type of ionic character and the location of the ionic region within the molecule. This large amount of variability in both the structure and characteristics of ILs allows researchers to design task-specific ionic polymers and ILs for a variety of applications including gas separation membranes and solid polymer electrolytes. The synthesis of a specific class of ILs and ionenes through the incorporation of urethane groups with imidazolium rings by reacting carbonyl diimidazole with various …

Microscale Chemical Manipulation And Imaging Using Photoactive Molecules And Light, Uroob Haris

Chemistry Theses and Dissertations

Chemical manipulation with light has been an active and growing area of research with important implications in materials science, biotechnology, and environmental science. From early investigations of light sensitive materials for photography in the 19^th century, to printing billions of transistors on a semiconductor chip in present day, scientists have gained a deep understanding of photochemistry and the processes that allow us to harness light for everyday applications. In this work, we explore microscale fabrication and molecular imaging using light and photoactive molecules as foundational tools. We develop a visible-light mediated technique for high resolution microscale chemical lithography comprising …

Hydrothermal Liquefaction Of Saccharina Latissima For The Production Of Biofuel, Mayokun A. Oke

Mechanical Engineering Theses

We performed hydrothermal liquefaction of brown macroalga (Saccharina latissima) in the presence of homogenous and heterogenous catalysts such as KOH, Na₂CO₃, Pd/C, HZSM-5, Ce/HZSM-5, and Ni/SiO₂-Al₂O₃ in hot compressed water, to investigate their effects on product yield and composition in the biocrude. To investigate hydrocarbon production, we used methanol as co-solvent (methanol-to-water 1/4 vol.%) and as the only liquefaction solvent. We carried out the experiments in a batch reactor at 330^oC and 120-130 bar, and varying temperature, algae-to-water ratio, residence time, and pretreatment method. The biocrude yields …

Pyrrolopyrrole-Based Materials For High-Contrast Electrochromics, Allison Marie Hawks

Master of Science in Chemical Sciences Theses

Understanding structure-property relationships of underutilized p-conjugated chromophores is an important task for the continued discovery of materials that will find utility in organic electronic applications. Dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles (DHPPs) are synthetically simple and highly tailorable chromophores that can be decorated with diverse functionalities that readily manipulate optoelectronic properties useful for a variety of applications. However, a thorough understanding of how these functionalities influence properties of DHPPs that will be useful in applications such as electrochromism is unknown. Motivated to exploit the synthetic simplicity and tailorability of DHPPs, a family of DHPP chromophores was synthesized to probe how functionality and connectivity …

Design And Fabrication Of Single-Chain Nanoparticles, Vitrimers, Bottlebrush And Comb Polymers, Logan Dugas

Dissertations

The introduction of novel dynamic exchange chemistries into polymer chains and networks has shown great potential of giving next generation polymeric materials. Within the scope of this thesis, dynamic chemistry is employed to realize single-chain nanoparticles, vitrimer networks, bottlebrush and comb polymers. CHAPTER I provides a broad introduction to the topics at hand, focusing upon the techniques utilized to achieve such materials with relevant literature and understanding of the techniques and architectures explored. CHAPTER II focuses upon the synthesis of single-chain nanoparticles via a copolymerization of polyisobutylene macromonomers with norbornene monomers equipped with pendant anthracene moieties. Through this work, the …

The Synthesis, Characterization, And Utilization Of Functionally Diverse Romp-Based Bottlebrushes, Cheyenne Liu

Dissertations

Bottlebrush polymers have garnered interest in many disciplines for their unique structure-property characteristics and potential applications. These polymers typically exhibit extended rodlike conformations as a result of sterically crowded side-chains. Further, extensive work has focused on expanding the synthetic toolbox for these systems, resulting in excellent molecular weight control, diverse functional group utility and corresponding stimuli-responsive behaviors. This dissertation examines both synthetic and stimuli-responsive tools in the context of bottlebrush systems.

A broad overview of bottlebrush characteristics, synthesis, and applications is discussed in CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II focuses on the use of a chain-transfer agent in the ring-opening metathesis polymerization …

Engineered Plga Nanofibers For Drug Delivery, Andrew Mancuso

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymers are rapidly gaining momentum as a platform for next-generation drug delivery systems due to their ease and low cost of synthesis, favorable biocompatibility and biodegradability, and lack of toxicity. In particular, the application of drug-loaded PLGA nanofibers directly to a target tissue may represent a promising alternative to traditional routes of drug administration (e.g., oral, injectable) as they offer the potential to greatly improve bioavailability, increase efficacy, and reduce off-target toxicity. Furthermore, the use of such a system may potentially allow for greater flexibility in clinical drug development, by enabling the use of compounds which have …

Carbon Dioxide Capture Potential Of Chitosan-Nanocrystalline Cellulose Aerogel Composite Materials: Synthesis, Functionalization, And Characterization, Victor Oghenekohwo

Theses and Dissertations

The carbon dioxide capture technology has been established as an invaluable player in the current global efforts to allay the warming of the planet and climate change. In this connection, the study centers on the valorization of waste organic materials for the application described herein. The sorbents, sourced from a combination of by-products of food processing and agricultural residue waste products, viz. seafood waste and sugarcane bagasse, showed prospects for selective carbon dioxide capture, adsorbing up to 5.78 mg/g of the gas at 273 K and 2.82 mg/g at 298 K, as observed on the Micromeritic ASAP 2020 surface area …

Polyethersulfone Thin-Film Nanocomposite Membrane Embedded With Amine-Functionalized Graphene Oxide For Desalination Applications, Ahmed Bahaeldin

Theses and Dissertations

Thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) desalination membranes were prepared based on a polyethersulfone (PES) support, where the polyamide (PA) layer was embedded with amine-functionalized graphene oxide (GO). The effect of adding various concentrations of functionalized and un-functionalized GO on the desalination performance, hydrophilicity, and morphology of the membranes was additionally assessed throughout this work. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements were used to assess the morphology of the membranes in combination with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Contact angle measurements were used to gauge the hydrophilicity of the synthesized membranes. The membrane with the best desalination performance contained 1x10^-3 wt/vol% of functionalized GO in …

Magnetic Interactions In Open-Shell Conjugated Polymers, Michael Steelman

Dissertations

Most materials are closed shell in which every electron participates in a bond, resulting in unremarkable magnetometry signatures and functionalities. While rare, modern technologies rely on magnetic materials in which unpaired electrons are localized to inorganic atomic centers. In recent decades, a collection of organic open-shell π-conjugated molecules have shown magnetic ordering, albeit at exceedingly low temperatures; a result of weak noncovalent intermolecular interactions limiting long range electronic exchange. Thus, practically applicable sp orbital magnetism that persists at or above room temperature remains a grand challenge for chemistry and physics. Despite the wide variety of chemical structures afforded by organic …

Potential Of Biduri Fiber (Calotropis Gigantea) As Material For Oil Spill Absorbent, Anne Sukmawati, Wulan Septiani

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

Biduri fiber (Calotropis gigantea) is a natural hollow fiber with hydrophobic and oleophilic properties potentially used as oil spilled sorbent from seawater. This study aims to determine the absorption capacity and efficiency of the Biduri fiber and membrane to fuel oil. Measurement of oil absorption to seawater was carried out at various fiber weights (0.5-1.5 g), fiber composition (50-95%), contact time (10-90 minutes), temperature (30 and 50°C), and compared with commercial products. The results showed that the fiber weight variation of 0.5-1.5 g has an average absorption efficiency of 96.67%, and the highest absorption was obtained in a weight of …

Dual Ionic Liquid-Functionalized Cellulosic Materials: Thermal, Mechanical And Conductive Properties, Elizabeth Mcgrew, Kevin M. Miller Phd

Posters-at-the-Capitol

Cellulose, an inexpensive and renewable biomacromolecule, represents an intriguing synthetic foundation for new materials with task-specific properties. Here, we wish to report a synthetic route for functionalizing cellulose with a side chain containing two ionic liquid functional groups using azide-alkyne ‘click’ cyclization strategy, followed by quaternization of the two resulting heterocycles (1,2,3-triazole and imidazole). Through this functionalization strategy, the resulting cellulosic materials exhibited significant softening, with several glass transition (T_g) values observed below room temperature, indicating the amorphous nature of the materials, with the T_g dependent on both the length of the side chain and the …

Synthesis And Application Of Redox-Active Covalent Organic Frameworks In Rechargeable Batteries, Mohammad K. Shehab

Theses and Dissertations

Synthesis and Application of Redox-Active Covalent Organic Frameworks in Rechargeable Batteries

Mohammad K. Shehab

Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States

Abstract

In recent years, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been considered the dominant energy storage devices for portable electronics and electric vehicles due to their high energy density, low self-discharge rate, and long cycle life. In LIBs, the traditional positive electrodes employed are mainly derived from metal-containing inorganic compounds composed of cobalt, iron, nickel, or manganese (LiCoO₂, LiMn₂O₄, and LiFePO₄) coupled with graphite as the negative electrode. Despite …

Qspr Modelling For Intrinsic Viscosity Of Polymer In Solvents, Benjawan Thananchai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Intrinsic viscosity, [η], of polymers is an important and valuable measure in polymer study. It can help in revealing molecular weight, size, and branching of polymer chains. In this work, quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models were developed to predict the intrinsic viscosity of polymers in solvents. The database containing 50 polymer-solvent mixtures associated with 8 different polymers was obtained from literature. The solution mixtures were divided into 2 groups, 27 and 23 mixtures in the first (4 polymers) and the second (another 4 polymers) groups, respectively. A total of 1,232 structural properties were calculated. Preliminary screening of descriptors was applied. …

การพัฒนาไฮโดรเจลนำไฟฟ้าจากสารเชิงซ้อนพอลิอิเล็กโทรไลต์, ทิชากร สังอรดี

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ในงานวิจัยนี้ไฮโดรเจลเมมเบรนของแบคทีเรียเซลลูโลส/สารเชิงซ้อนพอลิอิเล็กโทรไลต์คอมพอสิต ได้ถูกเตรียมเพื่อใช้เป็นตั้วกั้นขั้วอิเล็กโทรด โดยสารละลายสารเชิงซ้อนพอลิอิเล็กโทรไลต์ถูกเตรียมจากการผสม พอลิโซเดียม 4-สไตรีนซัลโฟเนต (พอลิอิเล็กโทรไลต์ประจุลบ) ปริมาณร้อยละ 40-60 โดยโมล กับพอลิ(ไดเมทิลไดอัลลิลแอมโมเนียมคลอไรด์) (พอลิอิเล็กโทรไลต์ประจุบวก) โดยมีเกลือโซเดียมคลอไรด์ทำหน้าที่เป็นชีลด์ดิ้ง เอเจนต์ (เพื่อลดอันตรกิริยาระหว่างประจุลบและประจุบวก) โดยแบคทีเรียเซลลูโลสได้ถูกเตรียมให้อยู่ในรูปของฟองน้ำที่มีรูพรุน 3 มิติ ที่ได้จากการนำแบคทีเรียเซลลูโลสไปปั่นในสารละลายด่าง (โซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์) ก่อนนำไปผ่านกระบวนการฟรีซ-ธอร์เพื่อให้ได้โครงร่างที่มีรูพรุนจำนวนมาก แล้วจึงนำฟองน้ำแบคทีเรียเซลลูโลสที่เตรียมได้ไปทำการเชื่อมขวางสายโซ่ด้วยกลูตารัลดีไฮด์เพื่อเพิ่มความแข็งแรง จากนั้นนำฟองน้ำแบคทีเรียเซลลูโลสจุ่มลงในสารละลายสารเชิงซ้อนพอลิอิเล็กโทรไลต์ก่อนนำไปกำจัดเกลือโซเดียมคลอไรด์ด้วยการแช่ใน น้ำกลั่น โดยผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ได้ คือ ไฮโดรเจลของสารเชิงซ้อนพอลิอิเล็กโทรไลต์ที่มีแบคทีเรียเซลลูโลสเป็นตัวพยุง จากการทดสอบสมบัติต่างๆ ของไฮโดรเจลเมมเบรนที่เตรียมได้ พบว่า ความทนแรงดึงมีค่าอยู่ในช่วง 56-108 กิโลปาสคาล ความสามารถดูดซึมสารละลายอิเล็กโทรไลต์มีค่าอยู่ในช่วงร้อยละ 413-476 การซึมผ่านของ ไฮดรอกไซด์ไอออนมีค่าประมาณ 2 x 10-2 เซนติเมตร²/นาที การนำไอออนของไฮดรอกไซด์มีค่าระหว่าง 30.9–42.5 มิลลิซีเมนส์/เซนติเมตร ค่าประสิทธิภาพคูลอมบิกจากการทดสอบเก็บประจุ/คายประจุที่ความหนาแน่นกระแส 0.5 แอมแปร์/กรัม จำนวน 2000 รอบ มีค่าระหว่างร้อยละ 84.2-89.1 และการทดสอบการพอกพูน และการละลายสังกะสีในเซลล์สังกะสีแบบสมมาตร ทำให้ขั้วสังกะสีมีการกัดกร่อนน้อยลง และมีการเติบโตของ เดนไดรต์ช้าลงจากการมีประจุทางไฟฟ้าไปชะลอหรือดึงดูดไอออนของสังกะสี จากผลการทดลองแสดงว่า ไฮโดรเจลเมมเบรนของแบคทีเรียเซลลูโลส/สารเชิงซ้อนพอลิอิเล็กโทรไลต์คอมพอสิตที่เตรียมได้สามารถนำไปใช้เป็นแผ่นกั้นขั้วอิเล็กโทรด และเพิ่มความเสถียรในแบตเตอรี่สังกะสีไอออนได้

ฟลูออเรสเซนต์จากอนุพันธ์ 4-อะมิโน-1,8-แนฟทาลิไมด์บนโซลเจล, ธนเดช นิลเกตุ

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ได้สังเคราะห์อนุพันธ์ของ 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide สองชนิดด้วยร้อยละผลผลิต 49-57 ได้สำเร็จ และศึกษาคุณสมบัติการเรืองแสงตามฟังก์ชันของ pH และปริมาณน้ำในตัวทำละลายอินทรีย์โดยผ่านปฏิกริยาการควบแน่นของอิไมด์และการแทนที่อะโรมาติกของนิวคลีโอฟิล มีจำนวนหน่วย N,N-dimethyl ethylenediamine แตกต่างกัน ความยาวคลื่นการดูดกลืนแสงและการคายพลังงานสูงสุดอยู่ที่ 444 และ 532 นาโนเมตรตามลำดับ เนื่องจากสารละลายที่เป็นน้ำ ความเข้มแสงจะลดลงเมื่อค่า pH เพิ่มขึ้น และปรากฏการณ์นี้จะเกิดขึ้นในรูปแบบที่ผันกลับได้ การตอบสนองของค่า pH ของสารประกอบทั้งสองนี้อาจเป็นผลมาจากกระบวนการถ่ายโอนอิเล็กตรอนที่เกิดจากภาพถ่ายจากการโปรตอนและการสลายตัวของกลุ่มเอมีน ในตัวทำละลายอินทรีย์ส่วนใหญ่สัญญาณเรืองแสงของสารประกอบทั้งสองนี้จะเพิ่มขึ้นตามปริมาณน้ำที่เติมเข้าไป ซึ่งอาจเกี่ยวข้องกับกลไกการให้โปรตอน อย่างไรก็ตาม ความเข้มของฟลูออเรสเซนซ์ของสารประกอบทั้งสองในเตตระไฮโดรฟูแรน (THF) จะสูงสุดเมื่อไม่มีน้ำ และจะอ่อนลงเมื่อปริมาณน้ำเพิ่มขึ้นระหว่าง 0-10% ปรากฏการณ์นี้นำไปสู่การใช้สารประกอบเหล่านี้ในการกำหนดปริมาณน้ำใน THF ซึ่งแสดงความสัมพันธ์เชิงเส้นระหว่างอัตราส่วนการดับเรืองแสงและปริมาณน้ำระหว่าง 0 ถึง 1%

Paek- And Pes-Like Perarylated Phosphonium Ionenes: Synthesis, Thermal Properties, And Conductivity, Samantha Sims

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

Ionic liquids (ILs) are useful for many applications due to the tunability of their characteristic properties making these salts ideal for many applications. To further increase possible areas of application for these materials, some ILs can be incorporated into polymer structures to form poly ionic liquids (PILs) or ionenes. The specific ions used within the material will determine the thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability properties exhibited by the polymer. Adjustments can be made to the ion structures during the synthetic process to influence these observed properties.

Fuel cells, batteries, solar cells, and capacitors, all require materials that can withstand high …