Organic Chemistry Commons^™

Application Of Functionalized Organosilicas In Adsorption Of Nitrates, Stephen Amoako

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study addresses the critical environmental issue of elevated nitrate levels in water bodies, primarily due to excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers and improper waste disposal. It focuses on reducing nitrate concentrations in polluted water to permissible levels through the effectiveness of hybrid materials in nitrate adsorption. We synthesized nine amino-functionalized adsorbents using grafting and sol-gel techniques. Batch adsorption tests confirmed the high nitrate adsorption capacities of these adsorbents, with sol-gel materials showing the highest efficiency due to their abundant amino group contents. Among these, the surfactant-free, sol-gel adsorbent was the most effective, combining ease of synthesis with cost-efficiency. Our …

Nanoparticles As Antioxidant Agents: A Comprehensive Review, Sulyman Olalekan Ibrahim, Halimat Yusuf Lukman, Fatimat Ronke Abdulkadir, Monsurat Yemisi Bello, Yusuf Oloruntoyin Ayipo, Halimah Funmilayo Babamale, Marili Funmilayo Zubair, Olubunmi Atolani

Al-Bahir Journal for Engineering and Pure Sciences

This study seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest progress in the antioxidant properties of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising tool in several domains of science and industry, including their application as antioxidant agents. The main knowledge gaps seem to be in correctly identifying the make-up of the naturally occurring phytochemicals that give these nano-antioxidants their extraordinary pharmacology and drug-like properties. In many instances, that characterization is done using spectroscopy instrumentation such as fourier-transform Infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). From literature appraisals, it was discovered that a lot of …

Towards Carbon Dioxide Reduction: Synthesis And Characterization Of Ccc-Nhc Pincer Iron Complexes., Joshua Mensah

Theses and Dissertations

The industrial revolution came with its downside of emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The NOAA reported in 2019 that, of the greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere, CO2 contributed to about 80% of the increased greenhouse gases hence the need for CO2 Sequestering and Storage (CSS) and ultimately leading to Carbon Capture and Recycling (CCR) as a viable option to convert CO2 into useful forms. The race to find the best catalyst for CCR has led to the synthesis of many organometallic compounds. Pincer complexes catalyzed CO2 reduction has gained notoriety recently because of the tunability and robustness …

Purification And Isolation Of Α-Chloro-Β-Lactone Precursor Molecules, Matthew Ellis

Honors Projects

This research investigates the synthesis of α-chloro-β-lactone molecules, focusing on the production, isolation, and purification of two precursor compounds from chloroacetic acid and substituted benzaldehydes. While multiple methods were explored, including EDC, DIC, and DCC catalysis, DCC proved to be most effective in producing higher yields. However, challenges in purification arose due to the formation of byproducts, particularly with DCC, prompting further investigation for efficient extraction and purification techniques. DCC, however, shows a promising route for α-chloro-β-lactone synthesis, despite purification complexities.

Use Of Molecular Logic Gates For The Tuning Of Chemosensor Dynamic Range, Orhan Acikgoz

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The first molecular logic gates were created in the 1990s; integrating such logic gates into fluorescent chemosensors allowed for the detection of different types of ions in solution. In this study, we have developed a new use of molecular logic gates by having two of the same type of binding site. The two binding sites on a fluorophore that both detect Na⁺ ions led to an increase in the detection limit compared with the chemosensor with a single binding site. Since the two sodium binding sites create an AND logic gate, two sodium ions are needed to generate a …

The Effects Of Free Volume And Processing On The Development Of Gas Separation Membranes, Jacob Schekman

Dissertations

Structure, thermal, mechanical, gas transport, and free volume properties of thiol-ene based systems are investigated and discussed. In the pursuit of generating low energy-cost polymer membranes for gas separation, it became apparent that UV-curing of thiol-ene materials presented several routes toward achieving this goal. Network structure plays a vital role in determining the gas transport properties of membrane materials. UV photopolymerization techniques provide a means to rapidly vitrify network morphologies which can be tuned depending on choice of monomer. Thiol-ene monomers offer a broad range of precursor materials from which to choose for the design of functional membrane materials.

Chapter …

Harnessing The Power Of Virtual Reality For Organic Chemistry Education, Jungmin Shin

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Understanding organic chemistry concepts heavily relies on visualization of the geometry of molecules and spatial arrangement of molecules during mechanisms. 2D textbook depictions have their limitations in visualizing the three-dimensionality of organic chemistry. Student learning outcomes could be greatly improved from 3D visualizations of these topics. This project explores the potential of an emerging technology, Virtual Reality (VR), being incorporated as a teaching resource for organic chemistry.

This paper discusses two trials for evaluating the potential of VR as a teaching resource for organic chemistry in select topics of the Diels-Alder reaction and R/S configurations and stereoisomers. The Diels-Alder reaction …

Carbon "Quantum" Dots: Structures, Properties, And Issues, Weixiong Liang

All Dissertations

Carbon dots (CDots) are small carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) with effective surface passivation. The effective passivation has been achieved by the surface functionalization of pre-existing CNPs with organic molecules, mostly molecules containing primary or secondary amine moieties. In the studies highlighted in this dissertation, CNPs were functionalized by selected organic molecules, including especially the use of radical addition reactions, to generate CDots with strong absorption and bright fluorescence emissions. A good demonstration of the approach was the N-ethylcarbazole (NEC) radical addition to CNPs under microwave irradiation. Spectroscopy and microscopy methods were employed to characterize the resulting NEC-CDots, and the results …

Development Of Chiral Lewis Base Catalysts For Chlorosilane-Mediated Asymmetric C-C Bond Formations, Changgong Xu

Theses and Dissertations

The chiral hydrazine is a crucial structural motif that serves as pivotal structural elements in numerous natural products and biologically significant molecules. We are particularly interested in the catalytic asymmetric reduction of hydrazones, as well as the catalytic asymmetric propargylation and allenylation of hydrazones, because they provide direct pathways to these enantio-enriched chiral building blocks. In this work, we will explore the potential of two different categories of chiral Lewis base catalysts in the said transformations.

Developed by another student in our group, axial-chiral 3,3’-triazolyl biisoquinoline N,N’-dioxides derived catalysts are tested and demonstrated its capability in activating various hydrazone …

Chm116 Principles Of Chemistry Ii Lecture Slides, Leah S. Cohen, Probal Banerjee

Open Educational Resources

This file contains the lecture slides that are used in CHM116, Principles of Chemistry II.

A Conceptual Understanding Of Concepts In Organic Chemistry, Timerra Chisham

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

As students continue to make the transfer into organic chemistry from general chemistry, they will have to adjust to the new type of thinking required so that they will not fall behind in understanding material and will have success in the course. For this research project, I explored which concepts taught in organic chemistry are the most difficult for students to grasp. I had two main goals for this project. The first one is the central idea that I focused on, which was to see which concepts that have been taught in Organic Chemistry 1 the students are most confident …

Molybdenum Alkylidyne Complexes With Phenoxide Ligands For Alkyne Metathesis, Marvin L. Stewart Jr

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Abstract

Alkyne metathesis is a powerful synthetic tool, which provides easy access to complex organic molecules in a single-step. It is a dynamic covalent reaction that scrambles alkynes, carbon-carbon triple bonds (C≡C). Molybdenum- or tungsten-alkylidyne (Mo≡C, W≡C) complexes are typically used as catalyst to cleave and reform alkyne bonds. Our goal has been to gain a deeper understanding of the intrinsic differences between functional ligands by the development of novel phenoxide ligands.

In chapter 2 we explore the detailed synthesis of novel phenoxide podand ligands in an effort to identify their mo-alkylidyne complexes. We were able to synthesize a variety …

Killing Cancer: Manipulating Hydrophobic Vanadium Complexes To Improve Anti-Cancer Activity, Levi Ausherman, Debbie C. Crans, Peter A. Lay, Maggi Braasch-Turi

SACAD: John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days

Hydrophobic vanadium complexes have recently shown improved anti-cancer activities compared to cisplatin. The hydrophobicity and anti-proliferative activity of [VO(Hshed)(dtb)] ([Hshed= N-(salicylideneaminato)-N’-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine and dtb= 3,5-di(tert-butyl)catechol)]) have inspired the development of a library of hydrophobic vanadium complexes. Increasing the steric bulk of the catechol ligand has been shown to have a direct impact on hydrophobicity and anti-proliferative activities. Currently at Fort Hays State University, the Braasch-Turi group is synthesizing VO(HSHED)(dtb) to build up material to support the chemical analysis and biological assay performed by our collaborators at Colorado State University and the University of Sydney, Australia, respectively. In the future, we plan …

Apigenin Alleviates Autistic-Like Stereotyped Repetitive Behaviors And Mitigates Brain Oxidative Stress In Mice, Petrilla Jayaprakash, Dmytro Isaev, Keun-Hang Susan Yang, Rami Beiram, Murat Oz, Bassem Sadek

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Studying the involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), specifically α7-nAChRs, in neuropsychiatric brain disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has gained a growing interest. The flavonoid apigenin (APG) has been confirmed in its pharmacological action as a positive allosteric modulator of α7-nAChRs. However, there is no research describing the pharmacological potential of APG in ASD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the subchronic systemic treatment of APG (10–30 mg/kg) on ASD-like repetitive and compulsive-like behaviors and oxidative stress status in the hippocampus and cerebellum in BTBR mice, utilizing the reference drug aripiprazole (ARP, 1 …

Unlocking The Secret To Weight Loss: Discovering The Most Effective Green Tea Products, Seoyeon Kim

SACAD: John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days

To find the most effective green tea product that can replace

weight loss drugs, we compared the amount of catechin in six

different green tea products. The result was green tea latte

powder contained a significantly small amount of catechin

compared to other products, and the dried pearl green tea leaves

had the highest amount of catechin. Also, the unexpected result

was that green tea supplements had less amount of catechin

compared to dried leaves or even tea bags that are commonly

sold in markets.

Synthesis, Molecular Characteristics, And Antibacterial Assessment Of Marine Hydroid Aqueous Extract-Based Silver Bio-Nanoparticles, Fredryk Mandey, Aulia Rhamdani Arfan, Rugaiyah Andi Arfah

Makara Journal of Science

This investigation aims to synthesize, analyze the molecularity, and test the ability of bacterial inhibition capability of silver nanoparticles that have been synthesized by simply mixing silver nitrate and aqueous extracts of marine natural products with and without the addition of amylum as a stabilizing agent. This research, with and without the addition of amylum as a stabilizing agent, obtained 39.0 and 55.2 mg of solids of round-shaped morphology silver nanoparticles with diameters of 87.9 and 103.0 nm., respectively. In addition, the antibacterial testing assay against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli showed some considerably good results. S. aureus with the …

Study Of Solvent-Free, Microwave-Assisted Ring-Opening Reactions Of Phenyl Glycidyl Ether With Azoles, Marygrace Mcafee, Joshua Pack, Brian Walker

Arkansas Women in STEM Conference

Literature precedent supports that microwave-assisted organic synthesis can afford fast, high-yield, and efficient synthetic pathways, often comparable to or better than traditional heating methods. Building on this, our work utilizes microwave-assisted synthesis for the epoxide ring opening of phenyl glycidyl ether through nucleophilic addition, aiming to create both pyrazole and imidazole derivatives. These heterocyclic azole compounds have been shown to be important due to their presence in many natural products, as well as their anti-fungal and other pharmacological activities. We are exploring the use of microwave irradiation under neat (solvent-free) conditions, focused on a streamlined approach to minimize time, energy …

Mechanistic Investigation Of C—C Bond Activation Of Phosphaalkynes With Pt(0) Complexes, Roberto M. Escobar, Abdurrahman C. Ateşin, Christian Müller, William D. Jones, Tülay Ateşin

Research Symposium

Carbon–carbon (C–C) bond activation has gained increased attention as a direct method for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. Due to the thermodynamic stability and kinetic inaccessibility of the C–C bonds, however, activation of C–C bonds by homogeneous transition-metal catalysts under mild homogeneous conditions is still a challenge. Most of the systems in which the activation occurs either have aromatization or relief of ring strain as the primary driving force. The activation of unstrained C–C bonds of phosphaalkynes does not have this advantage. This study employs Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate Pt(0)-mediated C–CP bond activation mechanisms in phosphaalkynes. Investigating the …

Purification And Isolation Of Α-Chloro-Β-Lactone Precursor Molecules, Matthew Ellis

ASPIRE 2024

This research investigates the synthesis of α-chloro-β-lactone molecules, focusing on the production, isolation, and purification of two precursor compounds from chloroacetic acid and substituted benzaldehydes. While multiple methods were explored, including EDC, DIC, and DCC catalysis, DCC proved to be most effective in producing higher yields. However, challenges in purification arose due to the formation of byproducts, particularly with DCC, prompting further investigation for efficient extraction and purification techniques. DCC, however, shows a promising route for α-chloro-β-lactone synthesis, despite purification complexities.

Pisa Printing Microneedles With Controllable Aqueous Dissolution Kinetics, Aaron Priester, Jimmy Yeng, Yuwei Zhang, Krista Hilmas, Risheng Wang, Anthony J. Convertine

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study focused on the development of high-resolution polymeric structures using polymer-induced self-assembly (PISA) printing with commercially available digital light-processing (DLP) printers. Significantly, soluble solids could be 3D-printed using this methodology with controllable aqueous dissolution rates. This was achieved using a highly branched macrochain transfer agent (macro-CTA) containing multiple covalently attached CTA groups. In this work, the use of acrylamide as the self-assembling monomer in isopropyl alcohol was explored with the addition of N-(butoxymethyl)acrylamide to modulate the aqueous dissolution kinetics. PISA-printed microneedles were observed to have feature sizes as small as 27 μm, which was close to the resolution limit …