Environmental Chemistry Commons^™

Competitive Sorption And Transport Of Heavy Metals In Soil And Mn Oxide-Coated Sand, Joshua Tyler Padilla

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study investigated the competitive sorption of Ni, Pb, and Zn as well as synergistic interactions between Ni and phosphate (P) in soils and Mn oxide-coated sand. During stirred-flow experiments, the sorption of heavy metal cations by Olivier soil was mutually reduced when applied simultaneously. When applied consecutively, the cation of higher affinity was able to displace the cation of lower affinity from the soil surface, however, no evidence for the reverse case was observed. A novel general exchange kinetics model was able to correctly describe such displacement. Competition between Ni and Zn mutually increased mobility in Olivier and Windsor …

The Analysis Of Microplastics Found In The Flowers Of Rhode Island, Hailey Hendricks, Matthew Kiesewetter

Senior Honors Projects

No abstract provided.

Odu’S Peter Bernath Participates In Study That Reveals Damage To Ozone Layer From Extreme Wildfires, Tiffany Whitfield

News Items

No abstract provided.

Arsenic In Groundwater Sources From Selected Communities Surrounding Taal Volcano, Philippines: An Exploratory Study, Geminn Louis C. Apostol, Sary Valenzuela, Xerxes Seposo

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic, carcinogenic trace metal that can potentially contaminate groundwater sources in volcanic regions. This study provides the first comparative documentation of As concentrations in groundwater in a volcano-sedimentary region in the Philippines. Matched, repeated As measurements and physico-chemical analyses were performed in 26 individual wells from 11 municipalities and city in Batangas province from July 2020 to November 2021. Using the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method, analysis of the wells revealed that in 2020, 23 out of 26 (88.46%) had As levels above the WHO limit of >10 ppb while 20 out of 26 wells …

Reno, Carson City And Las Vegas - 1994, University Of Denver

United States Data - Nevada

Relevant Publications

Science Total Environment Publication

Utah Wintertime Measurements Of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Nitrogen Oxide Emission Factors, Gary A. Bishop, Molly J. Haugen, Brian C. Mcdonald, Adam M. Boies

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

There have only been a few wintertime studies of heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) NO_x emissions in the U.S., and while they have observed increased emissions, fleet characterization to identify the cause has been lacking. We have collected wintertime measurements of NO_x emission factors from 1,591 HDV at a Utah Port of Entry in December 2020 that includes individual vehicle identification. In general, the NO_x emission factors for 2011 & newer chassis model year HDV are significantly higher than 2017 spring measurements from California. The newest chassis model year HDV (2017 - 2021) NO_x emission factors are similar …

Methanol Decomposition On Ni(111) And O/Ni(111), Henrik Öström, Bingjie Zhang, Tiffany Vallejo, Bryn Merrill, Jeremy Huang, Jerry Larue

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Methanol decomposition on Ni(111) surfaces has been studied in the presence and absence of oxygen using temperature-programmed desorption and temperature-dependent sum frequency generation spectroscopy. Under both conditions the C–H and O–H bonds break, forming carbon monoxide and atomic hydrogen on the surface. No C–O bond scission was observed, limiting the number of reaction pathways. The O–H bonds break first (>150 K), forming surface methoxy, followed by C–H bond breakage (>250 K). All atomic hydrogen desorbs from the surface as H2 through H+H recombinative desorption. H2 desorbs at a higher temperature in the presence of oxygen (>300 K) …

Wastewater-Based Estimation Of Substances Discharged At The Rest Areas Along The State Highways In Kentucky, Katherine E. Gray, Eugene Shin, Tyler Whitt, Andrew Windhorst, Houston Hampton, Chris Delcher, Bikram Subedi

Posters-at-the-Capitol

The availability of licit and illicit stimulants and its adverse consequences on public health has emerged as a major drug threat to communities in the United States. Despite several drug-involved traffic incidents along the interstate highways, this report represents the first comprehensive and quantitative report of drugs discharged at the rest areas along the interstate highways. In this National Institute of Justice-funded study, the amount of several discharged drugs focusing on stimulants but also including opioids and prescription antipsychotics are being measured in raw wastewater collected from five rest areas and a truck servicing facility using a state-of-the-art mass …

Measurements Of Atmospheric Radicals, Heather L. Runberg

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is a global health concern. PM_2.5 is formed primarily through combustion processes such as automobile use and industrial activity. Natural sources of PM_2.5 result from events like volcanos and wildfires. Upon inhalation, PM_2.5 is small enough to travel deep into the lungs where it can form reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radical (OH), causing oxidative damage to pulmonary tissues. PM_2.5 has been linked to cardiopulmonary diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and high blood pressure.

PM_2.5 is small enough to remain aloft and travel many hundreds …

Soil Project, Gabriella Hopkins

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

What are soil-borne diseases?

- Soil-borne diseases are diseases that can infect plants, animals, and human via soil.

- There are multiple different pathogens that contaminate soil and cause disease including bacteria, fungi, and helminths (parasitic worms). Most of these lay dormant (inactive) in the soil until they come in contact with a host.

- A host such as an animal can become infected by inhaling dormant spores or eggs in the case of helminths or by the pathogen coming in contact with an open wound. These situations are also the case for humans, but humans can also become infected …

Soil Health And The Effects Of Nanoparticles, Elijah Mock

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

I researched the effects of soil on human health. Specifically, I was interested in nanoparticles that reside in soil and how they affect humans as well as crops that are planted in the soil. This topic is relevant because nanoparticles can be used to deliver drugs for doctors, create specific properties for material scientists, sensors for the military, and in a plethora of other fields (“What Are Nanoparticles? Definition, Size, Uses and Properties.”).

A Kinetic Analysis Of Bleaching Synthetic Indigo In Solution, Emily Fry

[Archive] Belmont University Research Symposium (BURS)

Indigo's ability to dye a wide variety of fabric types gives it a prominent place in the textile industry. As a vat dye, indigo must be reduced to leuco-indigo to dissolve in water and dye fabric. It is common practice in the textile industry to bleach indigo-dyed denim to alter the final appearance of the garment. This research aims to determine the kinetic order of this bleaching process, using hydrogen peroxide as a bleaching agent for synthetic indigo. Vat solutions of synthetic indigo were made using fructose as the reducing agent and sodium hydroxide to create a reducing environment. Four …

Oakland

United States Data - California

Relevant Publications

2022 Data Summary

Indoor Air Quality Through The Lens Of Outdoor Atmospheric Chemistry, Jonathan P.D. Abbatt, Douglas B. Collins

Faculty Contributions to Books

Outdoor atmospheric chemistry and air quality have been the topic of research that intensified in earnest around the mid-20^th century, while indoor air quality research has only been a key focus of chemical researchers over the last 30 years. Examining practices and approaches employed in the outdoor atmospheric chemistry research enterprise provides an additional viewpoint from which we can chart new paths to increase scientific understanding of indoor chemistry. This chapter explores our understanding of primary chemical sources, homogeneous and multiphase reactivity, gas-surface partitioning, and the coupling between the chemistry and dynamics of indoor air through the lens of …

Insights Into The Deglacial Variability Of Phytoplankton Community Structure In The Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean Using [231Pa/230Th]Xs And Opal-Carbonate Fluxes, Danielle Schimmenti, Franco Marcantonio, Christopher T. Hayes, Jennifer Hertzberg, Matthew Schmidt, John Sarao

OES Faculty Publications

Fully and accurately reconstructing changes in oceanic productivity and carbon export and their controls is critical to determining the efficiency of the biological pump and its role in the global carbon cycle through time, particularly in modern CO₂ source regions like the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP). Here we present new high-resolution records of sedimentary ²³⁰Th-normalized opal and nannofossil carbonate fluxes and [²³¹Pa/²³⁰Th]xs ratios from site MV1014-02-17JC in the Panama Basin. We find that, across the last deglaciation, phytoplankton community structure is driven by changing patterns of nutrient (nitrate, iron, and silica) availability which, in …

Calcification, Dissolution And Test Properties Of Modern Planktonic Foraminifera From The Central Atlantic Ocean, Stergios D. Zarkogiannis, Shinya Iwasaki, James William Buchanan Rae, Matthew W. Schmidt, P. Graham Mortyn, George Kontakiotis, Jennifer E. Hertzberg, Rosalind E.M. Rickaby

OES Faculty Publications

The mass of well-preserved calcite in planktonic foraminifera shells provides an indication of the calcification potential of the surface ocean. Here we report the shell weight of 8 different abundant planktonic foraminifera species from a set of core-top sediments along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The analyses showed that near the equator, foraminifera shells of equivalent size weigh on average 1/3 less than those from the middle latitudes. The carbonate preservation state of the samples was assessed by high resolution X-ray microcomputed tomographic analyses of Globigerinoides ruber and Globorotalia truncatulinoides specimens. The specimen preservation was deemed good and does not overall explain …

Marcadores Moleculares Subrogados A La Repelencia Al Agua En Suelos Afectados Por El Fuego, Nicasio T. Jiménez-Morillo, Gonzalo Almendros, Nuno Guiomar, Ana Z. Miller, Cristina Barrocas-Dias, José M. De La Rosa, Patrick G. Hatcher, José A. González-Pérez

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Soil water repellency (SWR) is often attributed to the accumulation of hydrophobic organic compounds, mainly lipids. Nonetheless, lipid extraction not always suppress SWR and unextractable soil constituents may be related with residual SWR. Burnt (B) and unburnt (UB) soils (Doñana National Park, Huelva) under two vegetations (cork oak and heather) and two soil fractions, coarse (1–2 mm) and fine (

The Significance Of A New 11,000-Year Volcanic Record From The South Pole And Inferences From Comparisons With Other Volcanic Records, Derek Lee Brandis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Snow accumulation at the polar regions of the planet preserves chemical substances from the atmosphere creating natural archives. Records of the atmospheric environment including atmospheric chemical composition and the climate can be reconstructed from ice cores from the polar ice sheets. Sulfur emitted by explosive volcanic eruptions is preserved as sulfate in polar snow and can be used to reconstruct the record of volcanic eruptions. Since large volcanic eruptions impact the environment and climate, records of volcanic eruptions from ice cores can help us to study and understand climate change and model the future climate environment. A 1750-m ice core …

The Photo-Transformation Of Free Methionine In The Presence Of Surrogate And Standard Isolate Dissolved Organic Matter Under Sunlit Irradiation, Benjamin J. Mohrhardt

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Sulfur (S)-containing amino acids are key sources of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur involved in protein synthesis, protein function, and providing energy for microbial growth. Dissolved free and combined methionine is one of two S-containing amino acids incorporated into proteins and has been attributed to their stability and function. The oxidation of methionine has received considerable attention given its ubiquitous presence in most biological systems and has been associated with losses in protein function and pathological disorders. In natural waters, methionine is rapidly and selectively taken up by microorganisms to achieve cellular requirements of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. The abiotic transformation …

Spatial Geochemical Changes In Central And East Texas Soils Over Time Resulting From Human Decomposition, Isabela Marisol Overturf

CMC Senior Theses

Human decomposition is studied to aid forensic investigations and better understand the impact of cemeteries on urban resources like soil and groundwater. The purpose of this study was to identify changes in soil geochemistry at and around a human grave to search for lateral nutrient movement and possibly identify new patterns in elemental concentrations that could be used in estimating post-mortem intervals (PMIs). At the Forensic Anthropology Research Facility (FARF) at Texas State San Marcos, soil samples were collected from a shallow grave over the course of 54 days to conduct analysis for organic matter content, texture, pH, and bulk …