Analytical Chemistry Commons^™

Synthesis Of A Folate Receptor Mass Spectrometry Probe, Audrea Rhymes

All Capstone Projects

Drug delivery is one of the most important concepts for cancer patients because it is oftentimes very difficult or nearly impossible to exclusively target cancerous cells. In this study, the aim was to target receptors on cancerous cells, specifically the Folate Receptor (FR). This specific receptor was targeted because it has been proven to enhance intracellular delivery being that folic acid is an integral species in normal cell function and also that cancerous cells tend to exhibit an abnormally high concentration of Folic Acid on cell surfaces.

The application of dyes is a very common practice used to link folic …

Analysis Of Anions In Water Samples From The Holy Land (Israel And Jordan) By Using Ion Chromatography, Ahalya Yalamanchili

All Capstone Projects

Ion chromatography is a form of liquid chromatography, which measures concentration of ionic species by separating them based on their interaction with resins. Ion chromatography is mainly useful for the separation and analysis of ions (cations or anions) in water. Analysis of anions in water is of greater importance because water is very important in daily life, especially in the Holy Land, where water is the very essence of life. If variety of chemicals, such as organic and inorganic salts enter into the water system, they make water toxic and poisonous to drink. In this project water samples from different …

Development Of Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Procedures For Analysis Of Cupriavidus Necator H16 Subcellular Proteomes, Smita Joshi

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Smita Joshi on June 17, 2011.

Detection Of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Pml/Rarî± Fusion Gene Using Graphene Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode, Zhi-Xian Lian, Guang-Xian Zhong, Kun Wang, Ai-Lin Liu, Xin-Hua Lin, Yuan-Zhong Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

A graphene modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared by electrochemical reduction of graphite oxide fixed on the surface of GCE. Then, the amino-group modified probe of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) PML/RARα fusion gene fragment was immobilized onto surface of the graphene modified GCE by coupling activating agent. With methylene blue (MB) as a novel electrochemical indicator, artificial APL PML/RARα fusion gene fragment was measured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The result indicated graphene nanomaterial showed good sensitization on the signal of MB. The relationship between the reduction peak current of MB and the concentration of complementary strand was linear …

Electroless Silver Plating On The Cotton Fiber Modified With 3-Mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, Li-Li Li, Wei Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

This paper studies on the characteristics of the electroless silver plating cotton fiber modified with 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane.The effects of each factors on surface resistance and rate of weight gain was tested by the method of orthogonal test. It is concluded that the optimal technology for preparing the silver plating cotton fiber:concentration of the 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane 1%, modification time 120min, the bath ratio of modification 1:60,dosage of AgNO₃ 3.5g, dosage of C₆H₁₂O₆ 3.5g, plating temperature 50℃, plating time 60min. SEM and XRD analysis shows that the silver plating on the cotton fiber modified with mercapto is uniform …

The Flip-Flop Behavior Of Acetonitrile At Au Electrode Surface Investigated By Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy, Zhi Huang, Xin Tang, Gang-Hua Deng, En-Cai Zhou, Hong-Fei Wang, Yuan Guo

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochemical interface between liquid acetonitrile and polycrystal gold electrode is investigated by in situ infrared visible sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG-VS). The structure of acetonitrile adsorbed at polycrystal gold electrode surface is studied as a function of electrode potential. The SFG spectra of CH₃ group indicate acetonitrile orients in response to the electrode potential. The SFG signal of CH₃ group turns lower as the electrode potential changes from -700mV to 300mV, and vanishes around the 300mV(pzc), then becomes a negative signal above 500mV, which indicates that the orientation is predominately with the CH₃ group toward the …

Hairpin Locked Nucleic Acids Probe Based Electrochemical Biosensor For Detection Of Bcr/Abl Fusion Gene, Hong-Mei Wang, Li-Qing Lin, Shao-Huang Weng, Li-Man Wang, Yin-Huan Liu, Xin-Hua Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this article, a new kind of structure hairpin LNA probe was designed to detect BCR/ABL fusion gene in Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia. The LNA probe was immobilized on the gold electrode(AuE) through sulfur–Au interaction to construct specific electrochemical biosensor. The electrochemical response of the sensor to hybridization of the LNA probe with the target DNA was studied using [Cu(R)₂]²⁺ as an electrochemical indicator. The optimal condition was discussed. The experimental results indicated that in pH 7.4 PBS buffer solution, this new method has excellent specificity for single base mismatch and complementary after hybridization. The relationship between the …

Desorption Of Volatiles From Solid Phase Micro-Extraction Using A Nd:Yag Laser, Bret Allen Yount

Student Theses and Dissertations

This work investigates the use of a Q-switched neodymium doped yttrium aluminum garnet type laser (Nd:YAG) to rapidly desorb carbowax/poly-ethylene glycol coated Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME) and introduce volatile samples to a GC-MS. Specifically, effort is made to reduce desorption cycle time from an order of minutes to seconds, enhance SPME lifetime by minimizing degradation of coating material during desorption, and reduce overall desorption energy and size requirements while also minimizing the concern for SPME oxidation in air. Experiments with a 1064 nm laser pulse, utilizing both toluene and DNT as the compound of interest, demonstrate that laser pulses can …

Characterization Of Novel Macrocyclic Polyether Modified Pseudostationary Phases For Use In Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography And Development Of A Chemiluminescence Presumptive Assay For Peroxide-Based Explosives, Raychelle Burks

Department of Chemistry: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This work describes the first use and characterization of macrocyclic polyether (MP) modified sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) pseudostationary phases (PSPs) for use in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), as well as the development of a presumptive chemiluminescence assay for peroxide-based explosives. In MEKC separation and detection, resolution is optimized by using various PSPs or by altering the properties of a single PSP using different class I or II modifiers. Class I modifiers target the PSP through direct interaction with micelles, while class II organic modifiers operate by altering the BGE. The of MPs 18-crown-6, 15-crown-5, and 12-crown-4 were used to modify …

Adsorbents With Chemically Bonded Saccharide Surfaces: Synthesis And Application For Stereoisomer Separation And The Synthesis Of Chiral Porous Silicas Using Templates Chiral Surfactant, Edwin Vega

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Extraction Chromatographic Studies Of Rutherfordium And Dubnium Homologs, Megan E. Bennett

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Studying the chemistry of transactinide elements does not only allow for these elements to be properly placed in the Periodic Table, but it also permits for the extrapolation of the electronic structure based upon the position of the element in the Periodic Table. In addition it enable for the assessment of the role that relativistic effects play in the chemical behavior of the heaviest elements. An improved understanding of the role of relativistic effects in chemistry of the heaviest elements allows for a better understanding of the fundamentals principles that govern the Periodic Table. In order to investigate the chemistry …

Optimization And Implementation Of Entrapment: A Novel Immobilization Technique For High-Performance Affinity Chromatography, Abby J. Jackson

Department of Chemistry: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The proper use of high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) in the study of biologically-related systems requires that careful attention be paid to the nature in which the affinity ligand is incorporated into the stationary phase.  Ideally, the behavior of the immobilized ligand should mimic the behavior of the ligand in its natural environment.  Retaining the soluble form of the ligand, by avoiding covalent immobilization completely, is one effective way to retain the activity of the ligand.  Previously, noncovalent immobilization techniques that do not modify the ligand of interest have included physical entrapment onto low performance supports.

This dissertation introduces an …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Nanoparticulated Rifampicin, Lakshmi Sai Priyanka Guttikonda

All Capstone Projects

Rifampicin is a naturally made, non-peptide antibiotic. It is bactericidal, killing by disabling the protein expression system universally conserved by all bacteria. Specifically, it inhibits the RNA polymerase protein, which is responsible for binding to a strand of DNA as a template and using it to construct a strand of mRNA. The reason rifampicin works so well is that it is a rigid molecule, and sits tightly in the pocket where it binds, allowing the bonds to be very strong. However, this also means if an amino acid with the edge of the channel with a small side chain is …

A Sodium Salt Of The Dimer Of Boronoterephthalic Acid Anhydride, Scott Simmons, Albert Fratini, Vladimir Benin

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The title compound, sodium bis­(6-carb­oxy-1-hy­droxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2,1-benzoxaborol-1-yl)oxidanium, Na+·C16H15B2O13-, was prepared in two steps from 2-bromo-p-xylene. Its crystal structure was determined at 140 K and has triclinic (P) symmetry. The compound presents a unique structural motif, including two units of the cyclic anhydride of boronoterephthalic acid, joined by a protonated, and thereby trivalent, oxonium center. Association in the crystal is realized by complementary hydrogen bonding of the carboxyl groups, as well as by coordination of the sodium cations to the oxygen centers on the five-membered rings.

Theoretical Investigation Of A Reported Antibiotic From The 'Miracle Tree' Moringa Oleifera, Michael Horwath, Vladimir Benin

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Moringa oleifera, sometimes called the “Miracle Tree,” has received international attention for its potential to improve health in impoverished tropical areas. In addition to high vitamin content in the leaves and pods, the tree contains compounds with antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This study focused on the theoretical investigation of the suggested structure of one antibacterial compound, “pterygospermin,” whose existence was proposed after some studies of the roots of M. oleifera. The structure of pterygospermin was first proposed by a research group working in the 1950s, but later studies have not found evidence of this compound and have instead …

Developing Novel Nanoparticulated Imaging System Using Luminescence Enhancement Of Eu(Iii) And Tb(Iii) By Single-Strand Dna Encapsulation, David A. Corcoran, Diana L. Harms (Galindo)

All Student Theses and Dissertations

Non-toxic biosensors are encountering an increase in attention for use in understanding the fate of cells and as a diagnostic tool. Development and incorporation of suitable fluorophores into biological molecules is the key for monitoring proteins in vivo research. This study investigated the enhanced emission of Eu (III) and Tb (III) upon binding to the four DNA bases and their respective nucleotides, found the best ratio for effective energy transfer, and developing nanoparticles to deliver the biosensor into the cells.

It is well known that Eu (III) and Tb (III) exhibit very distinctive photo-characteristics. The luminescence of these two lanthanides …

Synthesis And Analytical Evaluation Of Folate Conjugates For Use In Cancer Cell Detection, Rakeshkumar V. Desai

All Capstone Projects

Folate receptors have two glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchored isomers, alpha and beta. Folate receptor alpha binds with high affinity for folic acid and act as a receptor for mediated transport of folate into the cells. Folate is necessary for DNA metabolism and thus it is speculated that rapidly dividing cancer cells have an increased necessity for folic acid. Folate receptor alpha levels eminent in specific malignant diseases (like solid tumors and leukemia) and thus folate receptors serve in the detection of FR+ (Folate receptor positive) and diagnosis of cancers.

In general, liposomes have the capacity intake the most imaging and toxic …

Purification And Analysis Of Folate Dye Conjugates, Anisha Hari Ganji

All Capstone Projects

Folate receptors play an important role in drug delivery systems as they are known to increase the potency and reduce toxicity of many cancer therapies. Folate receptors are present in abundance on cancerous tissues more so than on non-cancerous tissues. Folate binds to a variety of drugs that include chemotherapeutic agents, liposomes, radio-imaging agents, immunotherapeutic drugs and the like. Folate has been researched and used over the past decade as it is inexpensive and binds to the folate receptors with high affinity when compared to monoclonal antibodies. Nuclear imaging by SPECT and PET has interested many researchers. Other processes include …

Synthesis And Analytical Evaluation Of Folate Conjugates For Use In Cancer Cell Detection, Pradipkumar Koshiya

All Capstone Projects

Folate-targeted dyes have been used for the detection of tumor tissue and isolated cancer cells in both the animal tumor models as well as in human cancer patients. Folate receptors (FR) are abundantly present on several cancerous cell types but they are found less in normal human cells. There are several imaging agents that can be linked with folic acid and used for the detection of tumor. These imaging agents could be protein toxins, chemotherapeutic agents, gene therapy vectors, oligonucleotides, radioimaging agents, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and liposomes with entrapped drugs, radiotherapeutic agents and/or immunotherapeutic agents. This research showed …

Determination Of Protein Using Microdrop Assay, Hardik Khared

All Capstone Projects

After purification of protein, it is important to know the concentration of protein in our samples. Concentration or amount of protein in the sample is determined by different assay as BCA (bicinchoninic acid) Assay, Bradford Assay, and Lowery Assay. There are different methods available to perform these assays, which have some limitations, restrictions, advantages and disadvantages. These methods require large amounts of costly reagents, proteins and most importantly, valuable time. To overcome these problems a new method is developed called Microdrop Protein Analysis. This new method required a very small amount of reagents and protein mixtures (2-5 µʅ volume) and …