Analytical Chemistry Commons^™

Novel Ruthenium Complexes As Photodynamic Therapeutic Agents, Sareen Kumar Kushangari

All Capstone Projects

This project reviews the literature of novel ruthenium c complexes in photodynamic drug therapy. (Abstract by OPUS staff)

Analysis Of Anions In Water Samples From The Holy Land (Israel And Jordan) By Using Ion Chromatography, Ahalya Yalamanchili

All Capstone Projects

Ion chromatography is a form of liquid chromatography, which measures concentration of ionic species by separating them based on their interaction with resins. Ion chromatography is mainly useful for the separation and analysis of ions (cations or anions) in water. Analysis of anions in water is of greater importance because water is very important in daily life, especially in the Holy Land, where water is the very essence of life. If variety of chemicals, such as organic and inorganic salts enter into the water system, they make water toxic and poisonous to drink. In this project water samples from different …

Synthesis Of A Folate Receptor Mass Spectrometry Probe, Audrea Rhymes

All Capstone Projects

Drug delivery is one of the most important concepts for cancer patients because it is oftentimes very difficult or nearly impossible to exclusively target cancerous cells. In this study, the aim was to target receptors on cancerous cells, specifically the Folate Receptor (FR). This specific receptor was targeted because it has been proven to enhance intracellular delivery being that folic acid is an integral species in normal cell function and also that cancerous cells tend to exhibit an abnormally high concentration of Folic Acid on cell surfaces.

The application of dyes is a very common practice used to link folic …

Encapsulated Antibiotic Nanoparticles For Cranial Transplantation, Adusumilli Naga Anusha

All Capstone Projects

The purpose of this research is to develop a unique nanoparticulate system that is capable of delivering antibiotics in a locally applied and extended-release manner for patients receiving cranial replacement implants and bone grafting. This study involves three major components: first, encapsulate both hydrophobic antibiotics (chloramphenicol and rifampicine) and hydrophilic antibiotics (vancomycine and acyclovir) into nanoparticles. Second, incorporate antibiotic nanoparticles in a polymeric coating material (nitrocellulose plus 7.0% (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone) with a volatile carrier solvent (ethyl acetate or ethanol). Third, directly apply the resulting product from component 1 and 2 to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cranial implants and hydroxylapatite (HA) bone …

Application Of Raman Spectroscopy To Lubricants, Lubricated Surfaces And Lubrication Phenomena, David W. Johnson

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Recent advances in lasers and detector technologies and the development of low-cost instruments and fiber-optic probes have brought about an explosion in the lubrication systems being studied by Raman spectroscopy. This article provides examples of the use of Raman spectroscopy in the study of lubrication phenomena, including the characterization of liquid lubricants, lubricant additives, and solid lubricants; the study of vapor-phase lubrication; and the use of coated nanoparticles as lubricants.

Development And Applications Of Ionic Liquids And Near-Infrared Multispectral Imaging Techniques, Irena Mejac

Dissertations (1934 -)

In this work, we explore novel analytical applications of Ionic Liquids and Near-infrared multispectral imaging microscopy.

Ionic liquids (ILs) belong to a group of organic salts that are liquid at room temperature and can be, due to their unique chemical and physical properties, successfully used for a variety of applications. The main goal of this study was to explore the synergistic use of ILs in chemical separations. Specifically, chiral ILs were used as novel chiral selectors for Capillary Electrophoresis and as solvents for stationary phase in Gas Chromatography. As chiral selectors IL provides baseline-separation as well as enantiomeric separation of …

The Nature, Origin And Preservation Of Amide Organic Nitrogen In Organic Matter, Georgina Anne Mckee

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Past studies have found much of nonliving sedimentary/aqueous nitrogen-containing organic matter (NCOM) is composed of amides, assumed to be peptides/proteins. Their lability calls into question their survival, and several hypotheses have been suggested to explain this. Using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy I investigated the molecular amide composition in sedimentary/aqueous systems while reassessing their preservation and formation routes.

Development of a suitable methodology is essential for successful NCOM study due to electrospray ionisation source requirements: sediment samples need to be rendered into solution. Based on NMR and FT-ICR-MS analysis, I determined …

Development Of Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Procedures For Analysis Of Cupriavidus Necator H16 Subcellular Proteomes, Smita Joshi

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Smita Joshi on June 17, 2011.

The Flip-Flop Behavior Of Acetonitrile At Au Electrode Surface Investigated By Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy, Zhi Huang, Xin Tang, Gang-Hua Deng, En-Cai Zhou, Hong-Fei Wang, Yuan Guo

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochemical interface between liquid acetonitrile and polycrystal gold electrode is investigated by in situ infrared visible sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG-VS). The structure of acetonitrile adsorbed at polycrystal gold electrode surface is studied as a function of electrode potential. The SFG spectra of CH₃ group indicate acetonitrile orients in response to the electrode potential. The SFG signal of CH₃ group turns lower as the electrode potential changes from -700mV to 300mV, and vanishes around the 300mV(pzc), then becomes a negative signal above 500mV, which indicates that the orientation is predominately with the CH₃ group toward the …

Hairpin Locked Nucleic Acids Probe Based Electrochemical Biosensor For Detection Of Bcr/Abl Fusion Gene, Hong-Mei Wang, Li-Qing Lin, Shao-Huang Weng, Li-Man Wang, Yin-Huan Liu, Xin-Hua Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this article, a new kind of structure hairpin LNA probe was designed to detect BCR/ABL fusion gene in Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia. The LNA probe was immobilized on the gold electrode(AuE) through sulfur–Au interaction to construct specific electrochemical biosensor. The electrochemical response of the sensor to hybridization of the LNA probe with the target DNA was studied using [Cu(R)₂]²⁺ as an electrochemical indicator. The optimal condition was discussed. The experimental results indicated that in pH 7.4 PBS buffer solution, this new method has excellent specificity for single base mismatch and complementary after hybridization. The relationship between the …

Detection Of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Pml/Rarî± Fusion Gene Using Graphene Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode, Zhi-Xian Lian, Guang-Xian Zhong, Kun Wang, Ai-Lin Liu, Xin-Hua Lin, Yuan-Zhong Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

A graphene modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared by electrochemical reduction of graphite oxide fixed on the surface of GCE. Then, the amino-group modified probe of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) PML/RARα fusion gene fragment was immobilized onto surface of the graphene modified GCE by coupling activating agent. With methylene blue (MB) as a novel electrochemical indicator, artificial APL PML/RARα fusion gene fragment was measured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The result indicated graphene nanomaterial showed good sensitization on the signal of MB. The relationship between the reduction peak current of MB and the concentration of complementary strand was linear …

Electroless Silver Plating On The Cotton Fiber Modified With 3-Mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, Li-Li Li, Wei Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

This paper studies on the characteristics of the electroless silver plating cotton fiber modified with 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane.The effects of each factors on surface resistance and rate of weight gain was tested by the method of orthogonal test. It is concluded that the optimal technology for preparing the silver plating cotton fiber:concentration of the 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane 1%, modification time 120min, the bath ratio of modification 1:60,dosage of AgNO₃ 3.5g, dosage of C₆H₁₂O₆ 3.5g, plating temperature 50℃, plating time 60min. SEM and XRD analysis shows that the silver plating on the cotton fiber modified with mercapto is uniform …

Desorption Of Volatiles From Solid Phase Micro-Extraction Using A Nd:Yag Laser, Bret Allen Yount

Student Theses and Dissertations

This work investigates the use of a Q-switched neodymium doped yttrium aluminum garnet type laser (Nd:YAG) to rapidly desorb carbowax/poly-ethylene glycol coated Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME) and introduce volatile samples to a GC-MS. Specifically, effort is made to reduce desorption cycle time from an order of minutes to seconds, enhance SPME lifetime by minimizing degradation of coating material during desorption, and reduce overall desorption energy and size requirements while also minimizing the concern for SPME oxidation in air. Experiments with a 1064 nm laser pulse, utilizing both toluene and DNT as the compound of interest, demonstrate that laser pulses can …

Adsorbents With Chemically Bonded Saccharide Surfaces: Synthesis And Application For Stereoisomer Separation And The Synthesis Of Chiral Porous Silicas Using Templates Chiral Surfactant, Edwin Vega

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Characterization Of Novel Macrocyclic Polyether Modified Pseudostationary Phases For Use In Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography And Development Of A Chemiluminescence Presumptive Assay For Peroxide-Based Explosives, Raychelle Burks

Department of Chemistry: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This work describes the first use and characterization of macrocyclic polyether (MP) modified sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) pseudostationary phases (PSPs) for use in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), as well as the development of a presumptive chemiluminescence assay for peroxide-based explosives. In MEKC separation and detection, resolution is optimized by using various PSPs or by altering the properties of a single PSP using different class I or II modifiers. Class I modifiers target the PSP through direct interaction with micelles, while class II organic modifiers operate by altering the BGE. The of MPs 18-crown-6, 15-crown-5, and 12-crown-4 were used to modify …

Extraction Chromatographic Studies Of Rutherfordium And Dubnium Homologs, Megan E. Bennett

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Studying the chemistry of transactinide elements does not only allow for these elements to be properly placed in the Periodic Table, but it also permits for the extrapolation of the electronic structure based upon the position of the element in the Periodic Table. In addition it enable for the assessment of the role that relativistic effects play in the chemical behavior of the heaviest elements. An improved understanding of the role of relativistic effects in chemistry of the heaviest elements allows for a better understanding of the fundamentals principles that govern the Periodic Table. In order to investigate the chemistry …

Optimization And Implementation Of Entrapment: A Novel Immobilization Technique For High-Performance Affinity Chromatography, Abby J. Jackson

Department of Chemistry: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The proper use of high performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) in the study of biologically-related systems requires that careful attention be paid to the nature in which the affinity ligand is incorporated into the stationary phase.  Ideally, the behavior of the immobilized ligand should mimic the behavior of the ligand in its natural environment.  Retaining the soluble form of the ligand, by avoiding covalent immobilization completely, is one effective way to retain the activity of the ligand.  Previously, noncovalent immobilization techniques that do not modify the ligand of interest have included physical entrapment onto low performance supports.

This dissertation introduces an …

Synthesis And Analytical Evaluation Of Folate Conjugates For Use In Cancer Cell Detection, Rakeshkumar V. Desai

All Capstone Projects

Folate receptors have two glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchored isomers, alpha and beta. Folate receptor alpha binds with high affinity for folic acid and act as a receptor for mediated transport of folate into the cells. Folate is necessary for DNA metabolism and thus it is speculated that rapidly dividing cancer cells have an increased necessity for folic acid. Folate receptor alpha levels eminent in specific malignant diseases (like solid tumors and leukemia) and thus folate receptors serve in the detection of FR+ (Folate receptor positive) and diagnosis of cancers.

In general, liposomes have the capacity intake the most imaging and toxic …

Determination Of 237np In Bioassay Fecal Samples, Bettylou M. Wahl

All Capstone Projects

²³⁷Np, a long-lived alpha-emitting actinide, is present in the environment due to releases from atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, reactor accidents, and nuclear reprocessing plants. The determination of long-lived actinides, such as neptunium, is essential for worker monitoring and environmental control. In bioassay and environmental samples, a radiochemical separation is necessary before measurement in order to eliminate any inferences that may occur in a mixture of actinides. In this paper, a method for determining ²³⁷Np in fecal samples using TEVA resin is investigated. Using ²³⁹Pu as a tracer, tetravalent plutonium and neptunium were successfully separated from other actinides. …

Improved Analytical Analysis Of A Pressurized Water Reactor Secondary Loop, Megan J. Holba

All Capstone Projects

In the nuclear industry, the addition of poly-acrylic acid (PAA) as a dispersant to the secondary cooling loop in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) has been found beneficial in keeping the corroded Fe in solution. The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of the addition of PAA to Braidwood Nuclear Power Station and other plants, to show the benefits of PAA implementation and to evaluate the current method for Fe detection. The current analytical method for the X-Ray Fluorescence Detector has an upper detection limit of 5,000 μg Fe, however, the results frequently exceed the upper limit. In …