Anatomy Commons^™

The Atr-Chek1 Pathway Inhibits Axon Regeneration In Response To Piezo-Dependent Mechanosensation, Feng Li, Tsz Y. Lo, Leann Miles, Qin Wang, Harun N. Noristani, Dan Li, Jingwen Niu, Shannon Trombley, Jessica I. Goldshteyn, Chuxi Wang, Shuchao Wang, Jingyun Qiu, Katarzyna Pogoda, Kalpana Mandal, Megan Brewster, Panteleimon Rompolas, Ye He, Pau A. Janmey, Gareth M. Thomas, Shuxin Li, Yuanquan Song

Advanced Science Research Center

Atr is a serine/threonine kinase, known to sense single-stranded DNA breaks and activate the DNA damage checkpoint by phosphorylating Chek1, which inhibits Cdc25, causing cell cycle arrest. This pathway has not been implicated in neuroregeneration. We show that in Drosophila sensory neurons removing Atr or Chek1, or overexpressing Cdc25 promotes regeneration, whereas Atr or Chek1 overexpression, or Cdc25 knockdown impedes regeneration. Inhibiting the Atr-associated checkpoint complex in neurons promotes regeneration and improves synapse/behavioral recovery after CNS injury. Independent of DNA damage, Atr responds to the mechanical stimulus elicited during regeneration, via the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo and its downstream NO …

Distinct Cellular Profiles Of Hif1a And Vegf Mrna Localization In Microglia, Astrocytes And Neurons During A Period Of Vascular Maturation In The Auditory Brainstem Of Neonate Rats, Daphne Chang, Quetanya Brown, Grace Tsui, Ye He, Jia Liu, Lingyan Shi, Adrián Rodríguez-Contreras

Advanced Science Research Center

Defining the relationship between vascular development and the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (Hifs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) in the auditory brainstem is important to understand how tissue hypoxia caused by oxygen shortage contributes to sensory deficits in neonates. In this study, we used histology, molecular labeling, confocal microscopy and 3D image processing methods to test the hypothesis that significant maturation of the vascular bed in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) occurs during the postnatal period that precedes hearing onset. Isolectin-B4 histochemistry experiments suggested that the MNTB vasculature becomes more elaborate between …

Monopolar Gene Electrotransfer Enhances Plasmid Dna Delivery To Skin, Anna Bulysheva, Loree Heller, Michael Francis, Frency Varghese, Carly Boye, Richard Heller

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

A novel monopolar electroporation system and methodologies were developed for in vivo electroporation intended for potential clinical applications such as gene therapy. We hypothesized that an asymmetric anode/cathode electrode applicator geometry could produce favorable electric fields for electroporation, without the typical drawback associated with traditional needle and parallel plate geometries. Three monopolar electrode applicator prototypes were built and tested for gene delivery of reporter genes to the skin in a guinea pig model. Gene expression was evaluated in terms of kinetics over time and expression distribution within the treatment site. Different pulsing parameters, including pulse amplitude, pulse duration, and pulse …

Deep Neural Network Analysis Of Pathology Images With Integrated Molecular Data For Enhanced Glioma Classification And Grading, Linmin Pei, Karra A. Jones, Zeina A. Shboul, James Y. Chen, Khan M. Iftekharuddin

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Gliomas are primary brain tumors that originate from glial cells. Classification and grading of these tumors is critical to prognosis and treatment planning. The current criteria for glioma classification in central nervous system (CNS) was introduced by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016. This criteria for glioma classification requires the integration of histology with genomics. In 2017, the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy (cIMPACT-NOW) was established to provide up-to-date recommendations for CNS tumor classification, which in turn the WHO is expected to adopt in its upcoming edition. In this work, we propose a novel …

Exploring Anatomy Coursework And Perceptions Of Occupational Therapy Students: A Survey Study, Ashleigh Giles, William Conrad, Dianna Lunsford, Kristin A. Valdes

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Occupational therapy practitioners utilize their knowledge of human anatomy to understand underlying anatomical dysfunction and how it impacts occupational performance. However, anatomy is not a required standalone course within occupational therapy curricula. This may leave students at a disadvantage throughout occupational therapy programs, fieldwork, and as practitioners. The primary purpose of this study was to explore graduate level occupational therapy students’ previous anatomy undergraduate coursework, student perceived preparedness of anatomical knowledge, and their performance in a mandatory Analysis of Human Movement course within our university’s occupational therapy graduate programs. The secondary purpose was to determine student interest in a standalone …

Tick Extracellular Vesicles Enable Arthropod Feeding And Promote Distinct Outcomes Of Bacterial Infection, Adela S. Oliva Chávez, Xiaowei Wang, Liron Marnin, Nathan K. Archer, Holly L. Hammond, Erin E. Mcclure Carroll, Dana K. Shaw, Brenden G. Tully, Amanda D. Buskirk, Shelby L. Ford, L. Rainer Butler, Preeti Shahi, Kateryna Morozova, Cristina C. Clement, Lauren Lawres, Anya J. O'Neal, Choukri Ben Mamoun, Kathleen L. Mason, Brandi E. Hobbs, Glen A. Scoles, Eileen M. Barry, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Utpal Pal, Jesus G. Valenzuela, Marcelo B. Sztein, Marcela F. Pasetti, Michael L. Levin, Michail Kotsyfakis, Steven M. Jay, Jason F. Huntley, Lloyd S. Miller, Laura Santambrogio, Joao H.F. Pedra

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Extracellular vesicles are thought to facilitate pathogen transmission from arthropods to humans and other animals. Here, we reveal that pathogen spreading from arthropods to the mammalian host is multifaceted. Extracellular vesicles from Ixodes scapularis enable tick feeding and promote infection of the mildly virulent rickettsial agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum through the SNARE proteins Vamp33 and Synaptobrevin 2 and dendritic epidermal T cells. However, extracellular vesicles from the tick Dermacentor andersoni mitigate microbial spreading caused by the lethal pathogen Francisella tularensis. Collectively, we establish that tick extracellular vesicles foster distinct outcomes of bacterial infection and assist in vector feeding by acting …

Effects Of Buprenorphine Treatment On Myelin Following Traumatic Brain Injury In A Rat Model, Jane Ryu

Theses and Dissertations

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common phenomenon, accounting for significant cost and adverse health effects. While there is information about focal pathologies following TBI, knowledge of more diffuse processes is lacking, particularly regarding how analgesics affect this pathology. As Buprenorphine (Bup) is the most commonly used analgesic in experimental TBI models, the current study investigated the effects of the opioid analgesic Buprenorphine-sustained release-Lab (Bup-SR-Lab) on physiology and myelin alterations at 1d and 4w following central fluid percussion injury (cFPI) in adult male rats. Microscopic assessments were performed at 1 day and 4w post-injury. Myelin pathology was assessed by evaluating …

Nebulizer-Based Systems To Improve Pharmaceutical Aerosol Delivery To The Lungs, Benjamin M. Spence

Theses and Dissertations

Combining vibrating mesh nebulizers with additional new technologies leads to substantial improvements in pharmaceutical aerosol delivery to the lungs across therapeutic administration methods. In this dissertation, streamlined components, aerosol administration synchronization, and/or Excipient Enhanced Growth (EEG) technologies were utilized to develop and test several novel devices and aerosol delivery systems. The first focus of this work was to improve the poor delivery efficiency, e.g., 3.6% of nominal dose (Dugernier et al. 2017), of aerosolized medication administration to adult human subjects concurrent with high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy, a form of continuous-flow non-invasive ventilation (NIV). The developed Low-Volume Mixer-Heater (LVMH) …

Molecular Basis Of Cross-Sensitization In Colonic Inflammation-Induced Somatic Hypersensitivity, Parshva K. Mehta

Theses and Dissertations

A major portion of pain experienced by patients with an Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) or Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) can be attributed to visceral hypersensitivity. Visceral stimuli transmitted through primary afferent neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) induce a nociceptive response. Notably, a subset of patients has also experienced the development of somatic pain, such as leg pain, after diagnosis of a bowel disorder. The aim of this investigation is to ascertain which biochemical mediators are involved in the development of such viscerosomatic cross-sensitization. Initially, the Von Frey Test was used to find behavioral evidence of somatic referred pain; …

The Impact Of Combined Flexion And Compression On The Mechanical Integrity Of The Annulus Fibrosus, Keaton Briar

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Introduction: Intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation is characterized by an expulsion of nucleus pulposus (NP) material through the annulus fibrosus (AF). The AF contains two major adhesive structures, the intralamellar matrix and the interlamellar matrix, which act to maintain the strength of the AF and prevent NP material migration. As a herniation occurs, clefts form within the intralamellar matrix, pushing the NP between adjacent collagen fibres; meanwhile, delamination of the interlamellar matrix causes the NP to pool between layers of the AF. Further, herniation more readily occurs in a combined loading scenario of both compression and flexion. Flexion, and in particular …

Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis Of Muscle Weakness Identifies 15 Susceptibility Loci In Older Men And Women, Garan Jones, Katerina Trajanoska, Adam J. Santanasto, Najada Stringa, Chia-Ling Kuo, Janice L. Atkins, Joshua R. Lewis, Thuyvy Duong, Shengjun Hong, Mary L. Biggs, Jian’An Luan, Chloe Sarnowski, Kathryn L. Lunetta, Toshiko Tanaka, Mary K. Wojczynski, Ryan Cvejkus, Maria Nethander, Sahar Ghasemi, Jingyun Yang, M. Carola Zillikens, Stefan Walter, Kamil Sicinski, Erika Kague, Cheryl L. Ackert-Bicknell, Dan E. Arking, B. Gwen Windham, Eric Boerwinkle

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2021, The Author(s). Low muscle strength is an important heritable indicator of poor health linked to morbidity and mortality in older people. In a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 256, 523 Europeans aged 60 years and over from 22 cohorts we identify 15 loci associated with muscle weakness (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People definition: n = 48,596 cases, 18.9% of total), including 12 loci not implicated in previous analyses of continuous measures of grip strength. Loci include genes reportedly involved in autoimmune disease (HLA-DQA1p = 4 × 10−17), arthritis (GDF5p = 4 × 10−13), cell cycle …

Effects Of Spaceflight On Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Considerations For Interplanetary Travel, Paul Comfort, John J. Mcmahon, Paul A. Jones, Matthew Cuthbert, Kristina Kendall, Jason P. Lake, G. Gregory Haff

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: If interplanetary travel is to be successful over the coming decades, it is essential that countermeasures to minimize deterioration of the musculoskeletal system are as effective as possible, given the increased duration of spaceflight associated with such missions. The aim of this review, therefore, is to determine the magnitude of deconditioning of the musculoskeletal system during prolonged spaceflight and recommend possible methods to enhance the existing countermeasures. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Ovid and Scopus databases. 5541 studies were identified prior to the removal of duplicates and the application of the following inclusion criteria: (1) group …

Short-Term Fasting And Autonomic Control, Joshua Gonzalez

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests that chronic intermittent fasting improves cardiometabolic health and reduces arterial blood pressure. However, the mechanisms underlying the reductions in blood pressure and improved cardiovascular health observed from chronic fasting studies remain unclear. The autonomic nervous system has a central role in the regulation of blood pressure and is essential for cardiovascular homeostasis. We conducted a study to investigate how acute fasting influences autonomic control of blood pressure at rest and during stress. Twenty-five young, healthy, normal weight, normotensive participants were tested twice, once in the …

Efficacy Of 3d-Pore Sanitary Napkin On Mild-To-Moderate Irritant Contact Dermatitis In The Female Genital Area, Srie Prihianti Gondokaryono, Hanny Nilasari, Inge Ade Krisanti, Tia Febrianti, Herliyani Purba, Haruko Toyoshima, Danang Agung Yunaidi

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Women worldwide have their own strategies to cope with menstruation, and unhygienic menstrual practices often cause vaginal diseases. During menstruation, the skin is irritated by the remaining unabsorbed menstrual flow and sweat on sanitary pads. Irritation of vulvar skin by an external agent could cause contact dermatitis, which is an important contributor to vulvar diseases. Various sanitary napkins available today share similar materials. This study compared commonly used sanitary napkin among Indonesian women with 3D-pore sanitary napkin in terms of efficacy.

Methods: A randomized, controlled, single blind, crossover study of 72 participants who met the inclusion and …

Lucio’S Phenomenon: A Report On Six Patients In A Tertiary Referral Hospital In Indonesia, Melani Marissa, Rahadi Rihatmadja, Denny Surya, Henry W. Lim, Sri Linuwih Menaldi

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Lucio's phenomenon (LP) is a rare variant of leprosy reaction, with the clinical manifestation of “necrotizing erythema.” LP was observed in patients with lepromatous leprosy who have not received or completed the treatment, and it is especially evident in patients with diffuse lepromatous leprosy (DLL), known as Lucio-Latapi’s leprosy. LP occurs due to M. leprae invading the blood vessels, causing endothelial damage that leads to thrombosis, ischemia, infarction, and tissue necrosis. The clinical features of the disease are erythematous lesions that can be accompanied by vesicles or bullae, with ulcers forming scar tissues. Histopathological examination can help establish …

Correlation Between Clinical And Histopathological Findings Of Five Puzzling Cases Of Cutaneous Tuberculosis, Eliza Miranda, Sandra Widaty, Sondang Pandjaitan Sirait, Luddwi Achmad Rizky, Sri Linuwih Menaldi, Henry W. Lim

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Cutaneous tuberculosis refers to the clinical manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis affecting the skin. Determining the type of cutaneous tuberculosis from a patient afflicted with is challenging because clinical and histopathological similarities exist between types. Moreover, confirming a diagnosis of cutaneous tuberculosis is difficult because of its similarity with other diseases. For instance, typical and atypical cutaneous tuberculosis may have similar manifestations, but each disease is managed by completely different approaches. Microbiological examination with polymerase chain reaction and bacterial culture are the gold standard methods used to confirm a diagnosis of cutaneous tuberculosis. However, results often demonstrate negative findings. …

Purpuric Lesion In A Patient With Leprosy: Was It A Lucio’S Phenomenon Or An Epiphenomenon?, Sri Linuwih Menaldi, Melani Marissa, Inadia Putri Chairista, Henry W. Lim, Rahadi Rihatmadja

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Lucio’s phenomenon (LP) is a severe necrotizing cutaneous reaction that occurs in patients with Lucio’s leprosy. The exact pathomechanism is not fully understood, but typically abundant acid-fast bacilli in the walls of blood vessels point to direct perturbation of blood supply to the epidermis. We report a case of LP where epidermal necrosis occurred in the absence of vascular invasion by mycobacteria, raising the question whether this was an epiphenomenon or a true LP.

Case Illustration: A 34-year-old male was referred for an episodic swelling of his hands and feet that persisted for two years. There were …

Cutaneous Candidiasis Mimicking Inverse Psoriasis Lesion In A Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient, Steven Philip Surya, Kardiana Purnama Dewi, Regina Regina

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) condition could affect the skin. The disease is among the greatest risk factors of skin infection such as cutaneous candidiasis and is also associated with autoimmune skin diseases such as psoriasis, which lesion morphologies and predilection areas are quite similar. These similarities are a source of confusion to clinicians.

Case illustration: We present a 60-year-old female patient with uncontrolled T2DM and multiple erythematous plaques in the form of shiny lesions at the intertriginous area that developed 1 week prior to her hyperglycemic state. The lesions had recurred at the same site for …

Prevalence Of Nail Changes In Patients Infected With Hiv - A Cross Sectional Study, Seethalakshmi Ganga Vellaisamy, Priya Jeyaraman, Kannan Gopalan

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Introduction: The spectrum of nail changes is wider and their frequency is higher among HIV patients. These changes magnify the range and multiplicity of AIDS manifestations. Their systematic examination is a non-invasive method of possible diagnostic value.

Objective: The present study was conducted to study the frequency and types of nail changes in  HIV infected individuals and to correlate the severity of nail changes  with CD4 count.

Material and Method: This was a cross sectional study, conducted in Skin & STD Out-Patient department in a tertiary care hospital between March 2018 and April 2019. A total of …

The Management Of Seborrheic Dermatitis 2020, Sandra Widaty, Kusmarinah Bramono, Muhammad Yulianto Listiawan, Ariyati Yosi, Eliza Miranda, Githa Rahmayunita, Herwinda Brahmanti, Henry W. Lim

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic relapsing dermatitis manifesting in the seborrheic area, affecting infants or adults. In Indonesia, the prevalence of SD is 0.99–5.8% of all dermatology cases from 2013 to 2015. SD has been known to be a prominent manifestation among HIV patients, but there is an increasing trend in the general population. Therefore, in 2017, the Indonesian Society for Dermatology and Venereology proposed a consensus for the management of SD in Indonesia based on the discussion from 12 dermatological centers. Concurrent with the development of new drugs, this study aims to evaluate and develop a …