Anatomy Commons^™

Motor And Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning And Reference Memory Assessment In A Transgenic Rat Model Of Alzheimer's Disease With Stroke, Jennifer L. Au, Nina Weishaupt, Hayley J. Nell, Shawn N. Whitehead, David F. Cechetto

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that results in neurodegeneration and memory loss. While age is a major risk factor for AD, stroke has also been implicated as a risk factor and an exacerbating factor. The co-morbidity of stroke and AD results in worsened stroke-related motor control and AD-related cognitive deficits when compared to each condition alone. To model the combined condition of stroke and AD, a novel transgenic rat model of AD, with a mutated form of amyloid precursor protein (a key protein involved in the development of AD) incorporated into its DNA, is given a small …

Spectral Changes Caused By Radiofrequency Ablation Of Cardiac Tissue, Mohammed Aljishi, Huda Asfour, Luther Swift, Narine Muselimyan, Marco A. Mercader, Narine Sarvazyan

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

New diagnostic catheters can be developed by delivering and acquiring light through a small fiberoptic bundle. This can provide a useful real time feedback guidance to observe tissue damage caused by thermal injury used to treat cardiac arrhythmias. Yet, little is known about the exact spectral changes caused by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in different types of cardiac tissue. We hypothesized that the most sensitive optical ranges for characterizing thermal injury can be revealed by comparing spectral information from different areas of the heart before and after RF ablation. Freshly excised porcine hearts were used to acquire and analyze excitation emission …

Myonuclear Transcription Is Responsive To Mechanical Load And Dna Content But Uncoupled From Cell Size During Hypertrophy, Tyler J. Kirby, Rooshil M. Patel, Timothy S. Mcclintock, Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden, Charlotte A. Peterson, John J. Mccarthy

Physiology Faculty Publications

Myofibers increase size and DNA content in response to a hypertrophic stimulus, thus providing a physiological model with which to study how these factors affect global transcription. Using 5-ethynyl uridine (EU) to metabolically label nascent RNA, we measured a sevenfold increase in myofiber transcription during early hypertrophy before a change in cell size and DNA content. The typical increase in myofiber DNA content observed at the later stage of hypertrophy was associated with a significant decrease in the percentage of EU-positive myonuclei; however, when DNA content was held constant by preventing myonuclear accretion via satellite cell depletion, both the number …

Medical Help-Seeking For Sexual Concerns In Prostate Cancer Survivors, Melissa K. Hyde, Leah Zajdlewicz, Addie C. Wootten, Christian J. Nelson, Anthony Lowe, Jeff Dunn, Suzanne K. Chambers

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Introduction: Although sexual dysfunction is common after prostate cancer, men's decisions to seek help for sexual concerns are not well understood.

Aim: Describe predictors of actual prior help-seeking and intended future medical help-seeking for sexual dysfunction in prostate cancer survivors.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 510 prostate cancer survivors assessed masculine beliefs, attitudes, support/approval from partner/peer networks (subjective norm), and perceived control as predictors of medical help-seeking for sexual concerns. A theory of planned behavior (TPB) perspective was used to examine actual prior and planned future behavior and contributing factors. Statistical analyses included multiple and logistic regressions.

Main Outcome Measures: …

Associations Between Domestic-Dog Morphology And Behaviour Scores In The Dog Mentality Assessment, Holly R. Stone, Paul D. Mcgreevy, Melissa J. Starling, Bjorn Forkman

Morphology Collection

The domestic dog shows a wide range of morphologies, that humans have selected for in the process of creating unique breeds. Recent studies have revealed correlations between changes in morphology and behaviour as reported by owners. For example, as height and weight decrease, many undesirable behaviours (non-social fear, hyperactivity and attention seeking) become more apparent. The current study aimed to explore more of these correlations, but this time used reports from trained observers. Phenotypic measurements were recorded from a range of common dog breeds (n = 45) and included cephalic index (CI: the ratio of skull width to skull length), …

Incidence And Risk Factors Of Thromboembolism With Multiple Myeloma In The Presence Of Death As A Competing Risk: An Empirical Comparison Of Statistical Methodologies, Joshua D. Brown, Val R. Adams

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

Multiple myeloma (MM) has an inherent high risk of thromboembolic events associated with patient as well as disease- and treatment-related factors. Previous studies have assessed the association of MM-related thromboembolism using “traditional” Kaplan–Meier (KM) and/or Cox proportional hazard (PH) regression. In the presence of high incidence of death, as would be the case in cancer patients with advanced age, these statistical models will produce bias estimates. Instead, a competing risk framework should be used. This study assessed the baseline patient demographic and clinical characteristics associated with MM-related thromboembolism and compared the cumulative incidence and the measures of association obtained using …

Elucidation Of The Anatomy Of A Satiety Network: Focus On Connectivity Of The Parabrachial Nucleus In The Adult Rat, Györgyi Zséli, Barbara Vida, Anais Martinez, Ronald Lechan, Arshad Khan, Csaba Fekete

Selected Works Temporary Series

We hypothesized that brain regions showing neuronal activation after refeeding comprise major nodes in a satiety network, and tested this hypothesis with two sets of experiments. Detailed c-Fos mapping comparing fasted and refed rats was performed to identify candidate nodes of the satiety network. In addition to well-known feeding-related brain regions such as the arcuate, dorsomedial, and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, lateral hypothalamic area, parabrachial nucleus (PB), nucleus of the solitary tract and central amygdalar nucleus, other referring activated regions were also identified, such as the parastrial and parasubthalamic nuclei. To begin to understand the connectivity of the satiety network, the …

Elucidation Of The Anatomy Of A Satiety Network: Focus On Connectivity Of The Parabrachial Nucleus In The Adult Rat, Zséli, Barbara Vida, Anais Martinez, Ronald Lechan, Arshad Khan, Csaba Fekete

Departmental Papers (Biology)

We hypothesized that brain regions showing neuronal activation after refeeding comprise major nodes in a satiety network, and tested this hypothesis with two sets of experiments. Detailed c-Fos mapping comparing fasted and refed rats was performed to identify candidate nodes of the satiety network. In addition to well-known feeding-related brain regions such as the arcuate, dorsomedial, and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, lateral hypothalamic area, parabrachial nucleus (PB), nucleus of the solitary tract and central amygdalar nucleus, other referring activated regions were also identified, such as the parastrial and parasubthalamic nuclei. To begin to understand the connectivity of the satiety network, the …

Development And Validation Of A Sensitive Uplc-Ms/Ms Method For The Quantitation Of [13c]Sucrose In Rat Plasma, Blood, And Brain: Its Application To The Measurement Of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability, Mohammad K. Miah, Ulrich Bickel, Reza Mehvar

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Accurate and reproducible measurement of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is critical in the assessment of the pathophysiology of the central nervous system disorders and in monitoring therapeutic effects. The widely-used low molecular weight marker [14C]sucrose is non-specific in the absence of chromatographic separation. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive and reproducible LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of stable isotopemodified [13C12]sucrose in brain, plasma, and blood to determine BBB permeability to sucrose. After addition of internal standard (IS, [13C6]sucrose), the marker and IS were recovered from diluted rat blood, plasma, and brain homogenate by protein …

Inhibition Of Human Α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors By Cyclic Monoterpene Carveol, Yusra Lozon, Ahmed Sultan, Stuart J. Lansdell, Tatiana Prytkova, Bassem Sadek, Keun-Hang Susan Yang, Frank Christopher Howarth, Neil S. Millar, Murat Oz

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Cyclic monoterpenes are a group of phytochemicals with antinociceptive, local anesthetic, and anti-inflammatory actions. Effects of cyclic monoterpenes including vanilin, pulegone, eugenole, carvone, carvacrol, carveol, thymol, thymoquinone, menthone, and limonene were investigated on the functional properties of the cloned α₇ subunit of the human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Monoterpenes inhibited the α₇ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the order carveol>thymoquinone>carvacrol>menthone>thymol>limonene>eugenole>pulegone≥carvone≥vanilin. Among the monoterpenes, carveol showed the highest potency on acetylcholine-induced responses, with IC₅₀ of 8.3 µM. Carveol-induced inhibition was independent of the membrane potential and could not be …

K14+ Compound Niches Are Present On The Mouse Cornea Early After Birth And Expand After Debridement Wounds., Ahdeah Pajoohesh-Ganji, Sonali Pal-Ghosh, Gauri Tadvalkar, Mary Ann Stepp

Anatomy and Regenerative Biology Faculty Publications

Background: We previously identified compound niches (CNs) at the limbal:corneal border of the mouse cornea that contain corneal epithelial progenitor cells, express Keratin 8 (K8), and goblet cell mucin Muc5AC. During re-epithelialization after 2.5 mm epithelial debridement wounds, CNs migrate onto the cornea and expand in number mimicking conjunctivalization. When CNs form during development and whether they express corneal epithelial progenitor cell enriched K14 was not known.

Results: To provide insight into corneal epithelial homeostasis, we quantify changes in expression of simple (K8, K18, K19) and stratified squamous epithelial keratins (K5, K12, K14, and K15) during postnatal development and in …

Task-Oriented Ankle And Foot Training For Improving Gait, Balance, And Strength In Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study, Cizelle Rodriques, Kurt Jackson, Joaquin Alberto Barrios, Lloyd L. Laubach, Kimberly Edginton Bigelow

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects and feasibility of a task-oriented ankle and foot exercise program on gait, balance, and strength in 6 adults with mild to moderate disability from multiple sclerosis (MS). The subjects participated in an 8-wk task-specific home-based ankle and foot exercise program. Outcome measures included stance phase ankle joint torque and power, limits of stability, isometric and isokinetic ankle strength, gait speed, and the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12). Five subjects completed the 8- wk intervention. Following training, there were significant increases in ankle power during early (38.1%) and late …

The Relationship Between Foot Arch Measurements And Walking Parameters In Children, Simone V. Gill, Sara Keimig, Damian Kelty-Stephen, Ya-Ching Hung, Jeremy M. Desilva

Dartmouth Scholarship

Walking mechanics are influenced by body morphology. Foot arch height is one aspect of body morphology central to walking. However, generalizations about the relationship between arch height and walking are limited due to previous methodologies used for measuring the arch and the populations that have been studied. To gain the knowledge needed to support healthy gait in children and adults, we need to understand this relationship in unimpaired, typically developing children and adults using dynamic measures. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between arch height and gait in a sample of healthy children and adults …

Effect Of Green Tea On Interaction Of Lipid Oxidation Products With Sarcoplasmic And Myofibrillar Protein Homogenates Extracted From Bovine Top Round Muscle, Nahathai Stapornkul, Tatiana Prytkova, Lilian Were

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

The interaction between lipid oxidation products and bovine sarcoplasmic (SP) and myofibrillar protein (MP) homogenates in the presence of green tea was investigated. To monitor the effect of green tea on lipid oxidation, aldehydes were measured while effect on protein was monitored via changes in myoglobin, thiols, and tryptophan fluorescence over nine days of refrigerated storage. The presence of SP and MP decreased free aldehydes in the buffers. The SP bound more aldehydes than MP. The tea compounds exhibited more favorable binding energies than aldehydes near histidine 64 close to the heme moiety of myoglobin. Addition of tea lowered tryptophan …

Group-Based Exercise And Cognitive-Physical Training In Older Adults With Self-Reported Cognitive Complaints: The Multiple-Modality, Mind-Motor (M4) Study Protocol, Michael A. Gregory, Dawn P. Gill, Erin M. Shellington, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Ryosuke Shigematsu, Guangyong Zou, Kevin Shoemaker, Adrian M. Owen, Vladimir Hachinski, Melanie Stuckey, Robert J. Petrella

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Background: Dementia is associated with cognitive and functional deficits, and poses a significant personal, societal, and economic burden. Directing interventions towards older adults with self-reported cognitive complaints may provide the greatest impact on dementia incidence and prevalence. Risk factors for cognitive and functional deficits are multifactorial in nature; many are cardiovascular disease risk factors and are lifestyle-mediated. Evidence suggests that multiple-modality exercise programs can provide cognitive and functional benefits that extend beyond what can be achieved from cognitive, aerobic, or resistance training alone, and preliminary evidence suggests that novel mind-motor interventions (i.e., Square Stepping Exercise; SSE) can benefit cognition and …

Better Cognitive Control Of Emotional Information Is Associated With Reduced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Reactivity To Emotional Stress, Grant S. Shields, Shari Young Kuchenbecker, Sarah D. Pressman, Ken D. Sumida, George M. Slavich

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Stress is strongly associated with several mental and physical health problems that involve inflammation, including asthma, cardiovascular disease, certain types of cancer, and depression. It has been hypothesized that better cognitive control of emotional information may lead to reduced inflammatory reactivity to stress and thus better health, but to date no studies have examined whether differences in cognitive control predict pro-inflammatory cytokine responses to stress. To address this issue, we conducted a laboratory-based experimental study in which we randomly assigned healthy young-adult females to either an acute emotional stress (emotionally evocative video) or no-stress (control video) condition. Salivary levels of …

Bilayered, Non-Cross-Linked Collagen Matrix For Regeneration Of Facial Defects After Skin Cancer Removal: A New Perspective For Biomaterial-Based Tissue Reconstruction, Shahram Ghanaat, Adorjan Kovacs, Mike Barbeck, Jonas Lorenz, Anna Teiler, Nader Sadeghi, Charles Kirkpatrick, Robert Sader

Surgery Faculty Publications

Classically skin defects are covered by split thickness skin grafts or by means of local or regional skin flaps. In the presented case series for the first time a bilayered, non-crossed-linked collagen matrix has been used in an off-label fashion in order to reconstruct facial skin defects following different types of skin cancer resection. The material is of porcine origin and consists of a spongy and a compact layer. The ratio of the two layers is 1:3 in favour of the spongy layer. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of this matrix for skin regeneration as …

Single-Cell Mass Spectrometry For Discovery Proteomics: Quantifying Translational Cell Heterogeneity In The 16-Cell Frog (Xenopus) Embryo, Camille Lombard-Banek, Sally Ann Moody, Peter Nemes

Anatomy and Regenerative Biology Faculty Publications

We advance mass spectrometry from a cell population-averaging tool to one capable of quantifying the expression of diverse proteins in single embryonic cells. Our instrument combines capillary electrophoresis (CE), electrospray ionization, and a tribrid ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) to enable untargeted (discovery) proteomics with ca. 25 amol lower limit of detection. CE-μESI-HRMS enabled the identification of 500–800 nonredundant protein groups by measuring 20 ng, or <0.2% of the total protein content in single blastomeres that were isolated from the 16-cell frog (Xenopus laevis) embryo, amounting to a total of 1709 protein groups identified between n=3 biological replicates. By quantifying ≈150 nonredundant protein groups between all blastomeres and replicate measurements, we found significant translational cell heterogeneity along multiple axes of the embryo at this very early stage of development when the transcriptional program of the embryo has yet to begin.

Euphoria From Drinking Alcoholic Beverages May Be Due To Reversible Constriction Of Cerebral Blood Vessels: Potential Roles Of Unrecognized Ionized Hypomagnesemia, And Release Of Ceramides And Platelet-Activating Factor, Burton M. Altura, Aimin Zhang, Nilank C. Shah, Gatha J. Shah, Asefa Gebrewold, Bella T. Altura

Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine (Middletown) Publications and Research

The authors discuss the feeling of euphoria when drinking alcohol. They summarize studies that suggest this feeling is due to blood vessel constriction, and explain why they believe that the specific mechanism that results in euphoria is the rapid, reversible release o free magnesium ions ([Mg2+]) coupled to the release of ceramides and platelet-activating factor (PAF).

The Influence Of Age At Menarche And Hamstrings Fatigue On Knee Biomechanics, Stephanie Eileen Field

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is 4-8 times more likely to occur in females than in males and is associated with significant morbidity. The mechanism underlying the gender disparity in non-contact ACL injuries is likely multifactorial, and may be influenced by a variety of risk factors. This study examines the influence of age at menarche and neuromuscular fatigue of the hamstrings muscles on knee biomechanics. Twelve female athletes performed drop vertical jump (DVJ) tasks before and after a fatiguing protocol utilizing a glute-ham bench. Knee kinematics and kinetics were recorded during the contact phase of the DVJ. The results of …