Anatomy Commons^™

The Rise And Fall Of Human Dissection In Hellenistic Alexandria, Ellie H. Barany

Young Historians Conference

Classical and Hellenistic Greece were known to be a hub of scientific research. However, the potential for scientific discovery was limited by dominating religious beliefs. Advancements in the study of human anatomy were inhibited by religious taboos that prevented the practice of human dissection. These taboos took hold of Greek society, with a consequence of exile to anyone who violated them. The exception however, is in Hellenistic Alexandria under the rule of the Ptolemaic Kings, Soter and Philadelphus. This paper examines the factors under which the Greek scientist Herophilus was allowed to practice systematic human dissection, as well as the …

Evaluation Of Ct Perfusion Biomarkers Of Tumor Hypoxia, Qi Qi, Timothy Pok Chi Yeung, Ting-Yim Lee, Glenn Bauman, Cathie Crukley, Laura Morrison, Lisa Hoffman, Slav Yartsev

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Background Tumor hypoxia is associated with treatment resistance to cancer therapies. Hypoxia can be investigated by immunohistopathologic methods but such procedure is invasive. A non-invasive method to interrogate tumor hypoxia is an attractive option as such method can provide information before, during, and after treatment for personalized therapies. Our study evaluated the correlations between computed tomography (CT) perfusion parameters and immunohistopathologic measurement of tumor hypoxia. Methods Wistar rats, 18 controls and 19 treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), implanted with the C6 glioma tumor were imaged using CT perfusion on average every five days to monitor tumor growth. A final CT …

Athlete And Team Responses To Injury, Laura Heron

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

The Utilization Of Exogenous Surfactant In The Neonate, Katherine Thorkildsen

Senior Honors Theses

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common consequence of pulmonary immaturity in the lungs of neonates. RDS is the result of the deficient secretion of endogenous surfactant, causing increased surface tension in the alveolar sacs leading to respiratory compromise. RDS is more common in the preterm neonate but can be experienced by neonates at any gestational age. Treatment for RDS formerly consisted of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy to treat and relieve symptoms but not the cause. A new treatment method, developed largely in the 1980s and 90s is the use of exogenous surfactant to treat the deficiency exhibited in …

Proceedings Of The Third Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: A Review Of Emerging Issues And Technologies, P. Justin Rossi, Aysegul Gunduz, Jack Judy, Linda Wilson, Andre Machado, James J Giordano, W. Jeff Elias, Marvin A. Rossi, Christopher L. Butson, Michael D. Fox, Cameron C. Mcintyre, Nader Pouratian, Nicole C. Swann, Coralie De Hemptinne, Robert E. Gross, Howard J. Chizeck, Michele Tagliati, Andres M. Lozano, Wayne Goodman, Jean-Philippe Langevin, Ron L. Alterman, Umer Akbar, Greg A. Gerhardt, Warren M. Grill, Mark Hallett, Todd Herrington, Jeffrey Herron, Craig Van Horne, Brian H. Kopell, Anthony E. Lang

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

The proceedings of the 3rd Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank summarize the most contemporary clinical, electrophysiological, imaging, and computational work on DBS for the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disease. Significant innovations of the past year are emphasized. The Think Tank's contributors represent a unique multidisciplinary ensemble of expert neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, scientists, engineers, and members of industry. Presentations and discussions covered a broad range of topics, including policy and advocacy considerations for the future of DBS, connectomic approaches to DBS targeting, developments in electrophysiology and related strides toward responsive DBS systems, and recent developments in sensor and …

Musculoskeletal Disorders In The Nursing Profession: A Case Study, Kaitlin A. Kee-Dayton

Human Factors and Applied Psychology Student Conference

Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Nursing Profession: A Case Study

Kaitlin Kee-Dayton

Beth Blickensderfer, Ph.D.

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Daytona Beach, FL

This ergonomics assessment focused on a female Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) and her life inside and outside of her job. In particular, this case study assessed how working as a nurse may affect the human body in terms of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). The researcher first conducted an in-depth interview with the nurse about her workplace layout, typical daily work schedule, work habits, physical challenges, MSD injuries she has sustained, and the workplace environment/organizational culture. Next, the researcher conducted three MSD …

Oxytocin Receptor (Oxtr) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Indirectly Predict Prosocial Behavior Through Perspective Taking And Empathic Concern, Christa C. Christ, Gustavo Carlo, Scott F. Stoltenberg

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Engaging in prosocial behavior can provide positive outcomes for self and others. Prosocial tendencies contribute to the propensity to engage in prosocial behavior.The oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) has also been associated with prosocial tendencies and behaviors. There has been little research, however, investigating whether the relationship between OXTR and prosocial behaviors is mediated by prosocial tendencies.This relationship may also vary among different types of prosocial behavior. The current study examines the relationship between OXTR, gender, prosocial tendencies, and both altruistic and public prosocial behavior endorsement. Students at a midwestern university (N = 398; 89.2% Caucasian; M …

Membrane Channel Gene Expression In Human Costal And Articular Chondrocytes, A. Asmar, R. Barrett-Jolley, A. Werner, R. Kelly Jr., M. Stacey

Bioelectrics Publications

Chondrocytes are the uniquely resident cells found in all types of cartilage and key to their function is the ability to respond to mechanical loads with changes of metabolic activity. This mechanotransduction property is, in part, mediated through the activity of a range of expressed transmembrane channels; ion channels, gap junction proteins, and porins. Appropriate expression of ion channels has been shown essential for production of extracellular matrix and differential expression of transmembrane channels is correlated to musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoarthritis and Albers-Sch€onberg. In this study we analyzed the consistency of gene expression between channelomes of chondrocytes from human …

Current And Past Menstrual Status Is An Important Determinant Of Femoral Neck Geometry In Exercising Women, Rebecca J. Mallinson, Nancy I. Williams, Jenna C. Gibbs, Karsten Koehler, Heather C.M. Allaway, Emily Southmayd, M. J. De Souza

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Menstrual status, both past and current, has been established as an important determinant of bone mineral density (BMD) in young exercising women. However, little is known regarding the association between the cumulative effect of menstrual status and indices of bone health beyond BMD, such as bone geometry and estimated bone strength.

Purpose: This study explores the association between cumulative menstrual status and indices of bone health assessed using dualenergy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), including femoral neck geometry and strength and areal BMD (aBMD), in exercising women.

Methods: 101 exercising women (22.0 ± 0.4 years, BMI 21.0 ± 0.2 kg/m2, 520±40 min/week …

“My Logic Is Undeniable”: Replicating The Brain For Ideal Artificial Intelligence, Samuel C. Adams

Senior Honors Theses

Alan Turing asked if machines can think, but intelligence is more than logic and reason. I ask if a machine can feel pain or joy, have visions and dreams, or paint a masterpiece. The human brain sets the bar high, and despite our progress, artificial intelligence has a long way to go. Studying neurology from a software engineer’s perspective reveals numerous uncanny similarities between the functionality of the brain and that of a computer. If the brain is a biological computer, then it is the embodiment of artificial intelligence beyond anything we have yet achieved, and its architecture is advanced …

Medial Prefrontal And Anterior Insular Connectivity In Early Schizophrenia And Major Depressive Disorder: A Resting Functional Mri Evaluation Of Large-Scale Brain Network Models, Jacob Penner, Kristen A. Ford, Reggie Taylor, Betsy Schaefer, Jean Theberge, Richard W. J. Neufeld, Elizabeth A. Osuch, Ravi S. Menon, Nagalingam Rajakumar, John M. Allman, Peter C. Williamson

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Anomalies in the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior insulae, and large-scale brain networks associated with them have been proposed to underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD). In this study, we examined the connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortices and anterior insulae in 24 healthy controls, 24 patients with schizophrenia, and 24 patients with MDD early in illness with seed based resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis using Statistical Probability Mapping. As hypothesized, reduced connectivity was found between the medial prefrontal cortex and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and other nodes associated with directed effort in patients …

Muscle-Specific Loss Of Bmal1 Leads To Disrupted Tissue Glucose Metabolism And Systemic Glucose Homeostasis, Brianna D. Harfmann, Elizabeth Schroder, Maureen T. Kachman, Brian A. Hodge, Xiping Zhang, Karyn Esser

Center for Muscle Biology Faculty Publications

Background: Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the USA, and disruption of circadian rhythms is gaining recognition as a contributing factor to disease prevalence. This disease is characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance and symptoms caused by failure to produce and/or respond to insulin. The skeletal muscle is a key insulin-sensitive metabolic tissue, taking up ~80 % of postprandial glucose. To address the role of the skeletal muscle molecular clock to insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, we generated an inducible skeletal muscle-specific Bmal1 ^−/− mouse (iMSBmal1 ^−/−).

Results: Progressive changes in body composition (decreases in …

Correlation Of Maximal Inspiratory Pressure To Transdiaphragmatic Twitch Pressure In Intensive Care Unit Patients, Gerald S. Supinski, Philip M. Westgate, Leigh Ann Callahan

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Respiratory muscle weakness contributes to respiratory failure in ICU patients. Unfortunately, assessment of weakness is difficult since the most objective test, transdiaphragmatic pressure in response to phrenic nerve stimulation (PdiTw), is difficult to perform. While most clinicians utilize maximum inspiratory pressure (Pimax) to assess strength, the relationship of this index to PdiTw has not been evaluated in a large ICU population. The purpose of the present study was to assess both PdiTw and Pimax in ICU patients to determine how these indices correlate with each other, what factors influence these indices, and how well these indices predict outcomes.

Methods: …

Image-Based 3d Morphometric Analysis Of The Clavicle Intramedullary (Im) Canal, Jazmine Aira

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Midshaft clavicle fractures are very common. Current treatment of choice involves internal fixation with superior or anterior clavicle plating, however their clinical success and patient satisfaction are slowly decreasing. The design of intramedullary (IM) devices is on the rise, but data describing the IM canal parameters is lacking. The aim of this study is to quantify morphometry of the clavicle and its IM canal, and to evaluate the effect of gender and anatomical side. This study used 3-dimensional (3D) image-based models with novel and automated methods of standardization, normalization and bone cross-section evaluation. The data obtained in this thesis presents …

Altered Multifidus Recruitment During Walking In Young Asymptomatic Individuals With A History Of Low Back Pain, Jo Armour Smith, Kornelia Kulig

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Study Design

Cross sectional, laboratory study.

Background

Individuals with low back pain have impaired activation of multifidus during postural adjustments and increased activity of the erector spinae musculature during walking. However, it is unclear if these alterations in muscle activity are evident during locomotion in individuals with a history of low back pain when they are between symptomatic episodes.

Objectives

To compare paraspinal muscle activity in young healthy individuals and young individuals with a history of low back pain during walking turns.

Methods

14 asymptomatic individuals with a history of low back pain and 14 controls performed 90° walking turns …

Localized Jnk Signaling Regulates Organ Size During Development., Helen Rankin Willsey, Xiaoyan Zheng, José Carlos Pastor-Pareja, A Jeremy Willsey, Philip A Beachy, Tian Xu

Anatomy and Regenerative Biology Faculty Publications

A fundamental question of biology is what determines organ size. Despite demonstrations that factors within organs determine their sizes, intrinsic size control mechanisms remain elusive. Here we show that Drosophila wing size is regulated by JNK signaling during development. JNK is active in a stripe along the center of developing wings, and modulating JNK signaling within this stripe changes organ size. This JNK stripe influences proliferation in a non-canonical, Jun-independent manner by inhibiting the Hippo pathway. Localized JNK activity is established by Hedgehog signaling, where Ci elevates dTRAF1 expression. As the dTRAF1 homolog, TRAF4, is amplified in numerous cancers, these …

Manual Unloading Of The Lumbar Spine: Can It Identify Immediate Responders To Mechanical Traction In A Low Back Pain Population? A Study Of Reliability And Criterion Referenced Predictive Validity, John Carlos Jr., Brian T. Swanson, Sean P. Riley, Mark P. Cote, Robin L. Leger, Isaac L. Moss

Faculty Publications

Background:: To date, no research has examined the reliability or predictive validity of manual unloading tests of the lumbar spine to identify potential responders to lumbar mechanical traction.

Purpose:: To determine: (1) the intra and inter-rater reliability of a manual unloading test of the lumbar spine and (2) the criterion referenced predictive validity for the manual unloading test.

Methods:: Ten volunteers with low back pain (LBP) underwent a manual unloading test to establish reliability. In a separate procedure, 30 consecutive patients with LBP (age 50·86±11·51) were assessed for pain in their most provocative standing position (visual analog scale (VAS) 49·53±25·52 …

Design, Synthesis, And Evaluation Of Chitosan Conjugated Ggrgdsk Peptides As A Cancer Cell-Targeting Molecular Transporter, Naglaa Salem El-Sayed, Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi, Magda Goda El-Meligy, Ahmed Kamel El-Ziaty, Zenat A. Nagieb, Keykavous Parang, Rakesh Tiwari

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Targeting cancer cells using integrin receptor is one of the promising targeting strategies in drug delivery. In this study, we conjugated an integrin-binding ligand (GGRGDSK) peptide to chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) using (sulfo-SMCC) bifunctional linker affording COS-SMCC-GGRGDSK. The conjugated polymer was characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and SEM. COS-SMCC-GGRGDSK did not show cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 1 mg/mL in the human leukemia cell line (CCRF-CEM). The conjugate was evaluated for its ability to enhance the cellular uptake of cell-impermeable cargoes (e.g., FAM and F′-G(pY)EEI phosphopeptide) in CCRF-CEM, and human ovarian carcinoma (SK-OV-3) cancer …

Oscillatory Neural Responses Evoked By Natural Vestibular Stimuli In Humans, Steven Gale, Mario Prsa, Aaron Schurger, Annietta Gay, Aurore Paillard, Bruno Herbelin, Jean-Philippe Guyot, Christophe Lopez, Olaf Blanke

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

While there have been numerous studies of the vestibular system in mammals, less is known about the brain mechanisms of vestibular processing in humans. In particular, of the studies that have been carried out in humans over the last 30 years, none has investigated how vestibular stimulation (VS) affects cortical oscillations. Here we recorded high-density electroencephalography (EEG) in healthy human subjects and a group of bilateral vestibular loss patients (BVPs) undergoing transient and constant-velocity passive whole body yaw rotations, focusing our analyses on the modulation of cortical oscillations in response to natural VS. The present approach overcame significant technical challenges …

Theoretical Investigation Of Interaction Between The Set Of Ligands And Α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor, O. E. Glukhova, Tatiana Prytkova, D. S. Shmygin

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are neuron receptor proteins that provide a transmission of nerve impulse through the synapses. They are composed of a pentametric assembly of five homologous subunits (5 α7 subunits for α7nAChR, for example), oriented around the central pore. These receptors might be found in the chemical synapses of central and peripheral nervous system, and also in the neuromuscular synapses. Transmembrane domain of the one of such receptors constitutes ion channel. The conductive properties of ion channel strongly depend on the receptor conformation changes in the response of binding with some molecule, f.e. acetylcholine. Investigation of interaction between …