Fundamentals Of Technique For The Employment Of Formic Acid In Ensiling Of Green Forage,
2026
Institut fiir Futterproduktion Paulinenaue der Akademie.der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
Fundamentals Of Technique For The Employment Of Formic Acid In Ensiling Of Green Forage, O Knabe, E Muller
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A model was used to work out fundamentals of technique for the employment of formic acid in ensiling of wilted green· forage under industry-like conditions of production. From the parameters: result of preservation, extent of dry matter losses, costs, and profit, the optimum length of the wilting phase in the field and the usefulness of combining the ensiling of wilted green forage with the employment of formic acid have been determined. The following practice is recommended for optimum planning of the technique: field curing of green forage for two days followed by preservation either as wilted silage or with admixture …
Decomposition Processes And Effects Of Nitrate In Ensiling Green Forage,
2026
Forschungszentrum fiir Tierprodliktion Dummerstorf/Rostock
Decomposition Processes And Effects Of Nitrate In Ensiling Green Forage, Ehrengard Hein, F Weissbach
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Summary As forage production is increasingly intensified, forage batches with increased nitrate content have to be handled. The forage nitrate may be decomposed during the ensiling process. A major portion of the nitrate, however, is retained in stable lactic acid silage. Only spoilt ilages are free from nitrate. Byfar the greater part of the nitrate is reduced to ammonia. Gaseous nitrate decomposition products are produced to only a small extent. They almost exclusively consist of nitrogen monoxide. The formation of ammonia from nitrate was experimentally demonstrated by means of 15N. The reduction of nitrate involved in anaerobic post-fennentation is associated …
Changes Of The Carbohydrate Fraction In Grasses In The Course Of Vegetation And Effects On Fermentability,
2026
Institut fiir Futterproduktion Paulinenaue der Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik,
Changes Of The Carbohydrate Fraction In Grasses In The Course Of Vegetation And Effects On Fermentability, W Seyfarth, O Knabe, H Arnold
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In experimental ensiling of Dactylis glomerata L., Lolium perenne L., Festuca pratensis Huds., Phleum pratense L., and Lolium multijlorum Lamk., the relations were studied that exist between individual plant carbohydrates and various fermentation products. There was a negative influence of sugars of the galactose group and of pentoses on the formation of silages rich in lactic acid. Growing experiments have shown the beginning of emergence of inflorescences to be the most favourable time of cutting in regard to the fermentability of green forage plants. The experimental results emphasize the necessity of more precisely describing the carbohydrate content of forage plants. …
Investigations Into The Prevention Of The Aerobic DeterioraTion Of Maize Silage,
2026
The Grassland Research Institute
Investigations Into The Prevention Of The Aerobic DeterioraTion Of Maize Silage, Michael K. Woolford, John E. Cook
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Propionic acid and the antibiotic pimancm have been studied as potential agents for increasing the aerobic stability of maize silage. In separate experiments propionic acid at 1.25 % and pimaricin at 0.026 % of the dry matter stabilized silage for 19 and 13 days respectively, the longest storage periods examined. The influence of these agents in preventing increase in temperature was substantiated by data on microbial populations, losses in dry matter and changes in pH.
New Procedures Of Preserving Beet Tops,
2026
Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Praha-Repy, Czechoslovakia
New Procedures Of Preserving Beet Tops, Hedvika Maskova, Jiri Havelik
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The possibility was tested of preserving chopped (homogenized) beet tops in experimental tower silos. The treatments without preservatives were compared with treatments using propionic acid (0.5 %) and allylisothiocyanate (1: 10,000). Silage quality, dry matter losses, and secondary fermentation 24, 72, 168, and 240 hours after unloading were determined. Chopping of beet tops was found to have a positive effect on the utilization of the silo volume and on the mechanization of silage handling, and to avoid the need of supplemental compaction. Allylisothiocyanate and propionic acid had a favourable effect on the preservation process and helped to cut losses caused …
Quality Of Feeding Stuffs From Herbage As Influenced By Ensiling And Other Preservation Methods,
2026
All-Union Williams Forage Research Institute
Quality Of Feeding Stuffs From Herbage As Influenced By Ensiling And Other Preservation Methods, V A. Bondarev
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Artificial drying is at present the most perfect way of preserving cut herbage. It is not only the most nutrient-saving method, but it also secures best quality of feeding stuffs. In regard to the production cost, however, artificial drying is inferior to the making of wilted silage from herbage. The crop to be made into wilted silage should be wilted down to 50-55 p.c. moisture content. Picking up herbage with a moisture content of 60 p.c. and more is nothing more but an emergency step. The ensiling of grasses with admixture of formic acid gives a feeding stuff equivalent in …
Comparison Off Ormic Acid And A Formaldehyde + Formic Acid Mixture As Silage Additives,
2026
Agricultural College of Sweden
Comparison Off Ormic Acid And A Formaldehyde + Formic Acid Mixture As Silage Additives, Per Lingvall
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Clover-grass silages have been made in tower silos using formic acid or a formaldehyde +formic acid mixture (67: 33) as additives. Untreated controls were included. The storage losses were recorded and the feeding values of the different silages compared in experiments with growing heifers. Both additives decreased storage losses and improved the feed efficiency measured as consumption of metabolizable energy per kg weight gain.
The Effect Of Addition Of Formic Acid, With Or Without Formalin, On The Conservation Quality, Digestibility, Nutritive Value, And Nitrogen Balance Of Direct-Cut Silage,
2026
Centre de Recherches Zootechniques et Veterinaires
The Effect Of Addition Of Formic Acid, With Or Without Formalin, On The Conservation Quality, Digestibility, Nutritive Value, And Nitrogen Balance Of Direct-Cut Silage, C Demarquilly, Elisabeth Grenet, J P. Dulphy
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
From 34 standing crops of grasses or legumes, 93 direct-cut silages were prepared: 33 without additive, 37 with formic acid (3.5 or 5 1/t), 10 with formic acid and 1.5 1/t formalin, 15 with formic acid and 3.5 to 5 1/t formalin. The conservation quality of the silages was improved by the addition of formic acid and even further by the mixture of formic acid and formalin. Silage digestibility is similar to that of the corresponding green forage, but the addition of formalin considerably reduces protein digestibility (by 2 to 8 points). The voluntary intake of silage is lower than …
The Influence Of Formalin Addition On The Quality Of Silages Made Of Meadow Grass, Alfalfa Or Red Clover,
2026
Instytut Zootechniczny Akademii Techniczno-Rolniczej
The Influence Of Formalin Addition On The Quality Of Silages Made Of Meadow Grass, Alfalfa Or Red Clover, Witold Podkowka, Janina Janas, Jan Mikolajczak
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
From 1974 to 1976, experiments were carried out on the influence of different doses of formalin and of mixtures of formalin + other preservatives (formalin + sodium benzoate; formalin + sulphuric acid) on the quality of silages made of meadow grass, alfalfa, or red clover, respectively. The digestibility of crude protein in the silages made of alfalfa or red clover was examined and defined on sheep. The investigations revealed that the effect of formalin was dependent on the raw material ensiled. Ensiling meadow grass or red clover yielded good results, but there was almost no effect after ensiling alfalfa. Good …
The Effects Of Mixtures Of Formalin And Acid On Silage Fermentation,
2026
The Grassland Research Institute
The Effects Of Mixtures Of Formalin And Acid On Silage Fermentation, Robert F. Wilson, Roger J. Wilkins
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Three experiments are described in which herbages were ensiled in test-tube silos without additive or after the addition of mixtures containing formalin with formic, sulphuric or phosphoric acid in order to restrict fermentation in the silo. Silages containing less than 5 % of the dry matter as fermentation acids and with low contents of ammonia were produced with mixtures containing either 0.1 % of the fresh crop weight as formaldehyde with 10 meq of formic or sulphuric acid/ 100 g of crop or with 0.2 % of formaldehyde with 5 meq of either acid. Phosphoric acid was less effective than …
Studies Regarding The Effects And The Optimal Do Sis Of Formic Acid In Ensiling High-Protein Forages,
2026
Forschungszentrum fiir Tierproduktion Dummerstorf/Rostock
Studies Regarding The Effects And The Optimal Do Sis Of Formic Acid In Ensiling High-Protein Forages, F Weissbach, Ehrengard Hein, L Schmidt
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The method for wilted silage production along industrial lines should be completed by adding an effective preservative to the green forage when weather conditions do not allow its adequate wilting. Formic acid has proved suitable for that purpose. To obtain reliable preservation effects it is necessary to consider the limits within which formic acid has the desired effect, as well as the dosis required for the prevailing conditions. These figures must be derived for a particular forage crop from its dry matter content (DM %) and sugar/ buffering capacity ratio (S/BC). The range over which formic acid has the desired …
Studies On The Host Plant Range Of Claviceps Purpurea (Fr.) Tul. Influence Of Host Plant On Shape And Size Of Conidia,
2026
Martin Luther Universitat Halle-Wittenberg
Studies On The Host Plant Range Of Claviceps Purpurea (Fr.) Tul. Influence Of Host Plant On Shape And Size Of Conidia, Kate Frauenstein
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In case of Claviceps purpurea(Fr.) Tul. different physiological forms exist that stand out for preferred infestation of certain species of grasses. In the conidia contained in honeydew longish and circular types can be distinguished. The shape of the conidia, however, is determined primarily by the respective host plant and cannot be regarded as characteristic feature of a special form of Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul.
Virus Diseases On Leguminous Forage Crops In The German Democratic Republic,
2026
Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften
Virus Diseases On Leguminous Forage Crops In The German Democratic Republic, H E. Schimdt, H Kleinhempel, H B. Schmidt, V Valenta, M Musil
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Based on serological, electronoptical investigations and using test plants, 13 viruses were detected on leguminous forage crops. Most of the 44 natural virus-host combinations were caused by infections with bean yellow mosaic virus, alfalfa mosaic virus, and pea enation mosaic virus.
On The Importance And Control Of Amaurosoma Armillatum Zett. And A. Flavipes Fall. In Seed Stands Of Phleum Pratense L.,
2026
Pflanzenschutzamt des Bezirkes Karl-Marx-Stadt
On The Importance And Control Of Amaurosoma Armillatum Zett. And A. Flavipes Fall. In Seed Stands Of Phleum Pratense L., Manfred Ahnert
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
On the basis of three-year investigations conducted in the County of Karl-Marx-Stadt, an outline is given of both the economic importance and control of Amaurosoma spp. Special emphasis is laid on the factors that influence abundance and infestation, on the damage from larval eating on the false spikes, on seed losses, and on the results of experiments for chemical control. Furthermore, the possibilities are discussed that exist for limiting infestation levels by tillage and crop husbandry operations on the transition to industrial methods of production in socialist agriculture.
Etiology And Control Of Total White Ears In Grass Stands For Seed Production,
2026
Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle
Etiology And Control Of Total White Ears In Grass Stands For Seed Production, Theo Wetzel
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The total white ears is one of the major diseases of forage grasses grown for seeds. Heavy losses are common in fescue species and in Poa pratensis L. While non-parasital factors can be neglected as a cause of the white ears, the tarsonemid mites, especially the species Siteroptes graminum (Reuter) and Steneotarsonemus spirifex (Marchal), are major animal pests. Limiting the period of use of such seed grass stands to a maximum of 2 years and the application of lindane and oleo-parathion preparations have proved effective control measures.
Some Consequences Of A Prolonged Absence Of Invertebrates From A Perennial Rye Grass Sward,
2026
The Grassland Research Institute
Some Consequences Of A Prolonged Absence Of Invertebrates From A Perennial Rye Grass Sward, R O. Clements, I F. Henderson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In a long-term experiment, substantial increases in herbage yield, of up to 24 %, have been obtained by applying large experimental doses of pesticides to a sward of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Good control of all the invertebrate fauna was achieved. The long-term absence of beneficial species such as earthworms has led to deleterious effects on soil structure with a consequent effect on yield improvements. Other observations show that the layer of leaf litter on the soil surface of pesticide-treated plots has built up considerably and that the bulk density of the soil in these plots has increased. …
Soil Nematodes And Forage Production Of Some Cool Season Grasses,
2026
Auburn University
Soil Nematodes And Forage Production Of Some Cool Season Grasses, C S. Hoveland, R L. Haaland, R Rodriguez-Kabana
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Nematodes in sandy soils of the southeastern U.S.A. are a major factor in reducing forage yields and stands of cool season perennial grasses such as orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.). Soil treatment with methyl bromide or carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) nematicide has resulted in 30 to over 300 % increases in forage yields of these perennial grasses and of cool season annual grasses such as rye (Secale cereale L.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). • Root pruning by the nematodes reduces effective rooting depth in terms of …
Conditions And Possibilities For The Directed Control Of Apion Species In Large Red Clover Seed Stands,
2026
Humboldt-University Berlin
Conditions And Possibilities For The Directed Control Of Apion Species In Large Red Clover Seed Stands, Helmut Bochow, Christian Zchimmer, Helga Delinsky
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
For direction in the control of blossom-damaging Apion species in red clover seed stands, a programme was developed to observe the pests by determining their population density on plants and blossom buds. In dependence on a threshold in the degree of pest attack, applications of insecticides were orientated to the time when the second clover growth developed green blossom buds. Best results were obtained with polychlorcamphen in higher dosages and at high temperatures. Applications of lindane, kelevan, and methoxychlor + lindane were not successful. The most frequent species of Apion were A. trifolii and A. apricans.
Relations Between Lucerne Grown For Forage And Insect Pests. Their Importance For The Control Of These Pests, Rene Bournoville
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The repartition of the main insect pests of lucerne forage production is described: during the sowing year weevils are less abundant than in the following years, the specific composition of the Sitona is also different. Several tables show the repartition of these pests on the different growth cycles: weevils are more abundant on the 1st and 2nd growths, biting insects on the 3rd and 4th. Date of cutting offers some means of control especially in autumn by preventing the populations of the pea aphid and eliminating the larvae of Apion pisi. We compare a North American variety selected for its …
Results Of Herbicide Application In An Integrated System Of Alfalfa/Field Grass Production,
2026
VEB
Results Of Herbicide Application In An Integrated System Of Alfalfa/Field Grass Production, Klaus Sieberhein, Inge Stracke, Fritz Hofmann, Irmgard Meier
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The experimental results so far available reveal that in an integrated system of alfalfa/field grass production the systematic control of certain weed species will help to improve crop yield and crop quality, to facilitate tillage, to save material, and to cut labour expenditure. Likewise, is has been proved that the efficient application of herbicides is likely to gain ground as crop production is being increased through socialist intensification.
