Behaviour And Efficiency Of Animals On Intensively And Extensively Managed Pastures,
2026
Vyskumnf Ostav Luk a Pasienkov, Banska Bystrica, Czechoslovakia
Behaviour And Efficiency Of Animals On Intensively And Extensively Managed Pastures, Jan Sinkovic, Frantisek Bures
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Results of investigations conducted from 1971 to 1973 have shown that the cattle in the mountainous regions of Czechoslovakia graze mainly from between 4.00 and 5.00 to between 9.00 and 10.00 a.m. and from between 5.00 and 8.00 to 9.00 p.m. On intensive pastures the dairy cows gave 25. 95 % of their time to grazing in the same place and 5.5 % to grazing in walking. For this the young cattle needed 24.32 and 12.19 %, respectively. On extensive pastures the respective values were 16.1 and 15. 5 % for dairy cows and 19.56 and 23.74 % for young …
Comparison Between Free Grazing With Artificial Shade And Controlled Grazing With Natural Shade On Milk Production,
2026
lnstituto de Ciencia Animal, San Jose de las Lajas, La Habana, Cuba
Comparison Between Free Grazing With Artificial Shade And Controlled Grazing With Natural Shade On Milk Production, J Ugarte, I Dominguez
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
One hundred sixty crossbred Holstein cows were used in the middle of their lactation during the hot season. A completely randomized design was employed to compare: (A) free grazing with artificial shade ( open stables with concrete floors), and (B) controlled grazing with natural shade (trees). Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens Stent.) was fertilized with 120 and 35 kg/ha of N and P2O5 , respectively. Stocking rate was 5 cows/ha without additional supplementation. There were no significant differences in pasture availability or live weight changes. Milk production was higher with controlled grazing (6.0 vs. 5.2 kg/day) and number of cows in …
The Herding Efficiency Of Electric Fences In Cattle Pastures As Influenced By The Operating Principle,
2026
Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, GDR
The Herding Efficiency Of Electric Fences In Cattle Pastures As Influenced By The Operating Principle, Erhard Geithner, Wolfgang Lange
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An interdisciplinary team studied the herding efficiency of electric fences as influenced by the operating principle. As a result of this work, an electric fence implement with direct discharge of capacitors was developed. This implement supplies fence wires, up to 40 km in length, with adequate current impulses. The demands on the herding efficiency of electric fences are increasing with the concentration of both crop production and animal production. As a result of the transition to industry-like methods of production, successfully accomplished by way of cooperation, in our socialist agriculture grazing herds consist of about 250 to 300 cows or …
Intensive Pasture Management With Large Herds Of Dairy Cows,
2026
LPG ,,Freundschaft" Neustadt/Dosse, GDR
Intensive Pasture Management With Large Herds Of Dairy Cows, Joachim Fritz
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
At a concentration of 1,000 dairy cows in one farm, pasture management is done with herds of 200 to 300 cows each, with 60 to 90 ha of pasture ground being available· for each of these herds. Each two herds are milked and handled in one pasture centre. Under the given conditions, over several years a mean green matter yield of 39 t/ha has been reached at a cost of 19.60 M/t. In the pasture centre which is equipped with a herringbone milking parlour, 0.95 man-hours were needed to produce 100 kg of milk. The concentration of 400 to 600 …
Effectiveness Of Irrigated Pastures,
2026
Timiryazev Academy of Agriculture, Moscow, Soviet Union
Effectiveness Of Irrigated Pastures, Nikolai Gavrilovich Andreev
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Irrigated pastures are of greatest relevance to stabilizing the general fodder situation, for reasons of the high yield and low cost of pasture forage. If irrigation and fertilization are provided, best yields may be expected from forage plant mixtures which consist of five species: three grasses and two legumes. Fertilizer application must be quantified, depending on the soil nutrient status and in conformity with agrochemical test results and soil maps. The use of slurry obtained from livestock farms is useful not only for higher pasture forage yields but also for better protection of ground water and surface water. Irrigated pastures …
Aspects Of Efficient Grassland Utilization By Concentrated Sheep Flocks,
2026
Wissenschaftlich-Technisches Zentrum fiir Schafproduktion Klockow, GDR
Aspects Of Efficient Grassland Utilization By Concentrated Sheep Flocks, Hans-Joachim Gutsche
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pasture utilization by sheep and its adaptation to crop production along industrial lines is a main point of sheep farming and implies the concentration of sheep flocks. Electric fencing is increasingly employed in grassland utilization. Whole-day ration grazing with daily rotation is finding general acceptance. Avoiding unproductive driftways and utilizing natural activity periods for feed intake are major features that make this procedure so effective. Working-time expenditure of 0.19 man-minutes per sheep at a flock size of 1500 head was found to be the optimum value. Combination of three flocks provides the conditions necessary for work in groups and for …
Intensive Use Of Pasture By Sheep In Southland, New Zealand,
2026
Grassland Division, NZ
Intensive Use Of Pasture By Sheep In Southland, New Zealand, A J. Harris, M J. Hickey
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Production from pastures containing white clover is described for the southern region of New Zealand. An outline is given of a selfcontained grazing experiment in which district practice at a high ewe stocking rate is compared with a moderate rate with an induced high lambing percentage. Yields of animal products and pasture utilisation patterns are presented and these demonstrate advantages of fitting animal requirements as closely as possible to pasture production. Yield increases are possible from improved plant varieties and it is suggested that the incorporation of these into efficient animal systems will lead to further productivity increases.
Lamb Production From Temperate Grassland - A Systems Approach,
2026
Grassland Research Institute
Lamb Production From Temperate Grassland - A Systems Approach, N E. Young, J E. Newton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Centres of industrial-scale production of young cattle have been, and are being, systematically developed by way of the specialization, concentration, and regional distribution of productive forces in order to make the most effective use of absolute permanent grassland areas in foothill and medium-altitude mountain areas. Optimization calculations carried out in a number of locations allow to determine the demands on the size and quality of grassland used for cattle grazing, on land improvement, use, grazing management, the proportion of grassland suitable for mechanized farming, the share of grassland in the available farmland, the grazing area available for one head of …
Efficient Use Of Absolute Permanent Grassland In Foothill And Medium-Altitude Mountain Areas Through The Develop Ment Of Young-Cattle Raising Centres,
2026
Ingenieurbiiro fiir Investitionsvorbereitung und Rationalisierung beim Rat des Bezirkes Erfurt
Efficient Use Of Absolute Permanent Grassland In Foothill And Medium-Altitude Mountain Areas Through The Develop Ment Of Young-Cattle Raising Centres, Joachim Ilgner, Waldemar Endter
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Centres of industrial-scale production of young cattle have been, and are being, systematically developed by way of the specialization, concentration, and regional distribution of productive forces in order to make the most effective use of absolute permanent grassland areas in foothill and medium-altitude mountain areas. Optimization calculations carried out in a number of locations allow to determine the demands on the size and quality of grassland used for cattle grazing, on land improvement, use, grazing management, the proportion of grassland suitable for mechanized farming, the share of grassland in the available farmland, the grazing area available for one head of …
Interrelationships Of Pasture Production, Pasture UtilizaTion And Animal Production From Grazed Pastures On Kangaroo Island, South Australia,
2026
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries
Interrelationships Of Pasture Production, Pasture UtilizaTion And Animal Production From Grazed Pastures On Kangaroo Island, South Australia, P R. Gibson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pasture dry matter production, crude utilization and availability data are presented for two treatments (annual- and perennial-based pasture) in a larger stocking rate experiment carried out on the Kangaroo Island Research Centre, South Australia. There was no significant effect of stocking rate on mean annual pasture production for the four-year experimental period although some within-season correlations (both positive and negative) were observed. The mean efficiency of wool production in relation to pasture production and rainfall increased with stocking rate up to 17 sheep/ ha highlighting the biological efficiency of high stocking rates on these pastures.
Stocking Rate And The Ecosystem: Some Soil-Plant-Animal Interrelationships On Annual Pastures In South Australia,
2026
University of Adelaide
Stocking Rate And The Ecosystem: Some Soil-Plant-Animal Interrelationships On Annual Pastures In South Australia, Edward D. Carter
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Merino wethers were grazed continuously for five years on an annual pasture at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute in the Mediterranean environment of South Australia to assess the soil, plant and animal responses to, and financial returns from, five stocking rate treatments ranging from 7.4 to 22.2 sheep per hectare. The experiment highlighted the biological and economic inefficiency of low stocking rates. Not only was pasture production increased by increasing the stocking rate but production of wool per head of sheep was not significantly affected except at the highest stocking rate. Wool production and wool value increased almost linearly with …
Possibilities Of Raising Grassland Yields And Sheep Production By Means Of Intensive Nitrogen Fertilization,
2026
Vyskumny Ustav Luk a Pasienkov
Possibilities Of Raising Grassland Yields And Sheep Production By Means Of Intensive Nitrogen Fertilization, Jozef Kvietok
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Application, after every grazing cycle, of 40 and 80 kg of nitrogen per hectare of sheep pasture, respectively, raised pasture yields to several times the level achieved in the unfertilized control. The fertilized herbage contained larger quantities of nitrogen compounds, with a trend to further increase in the following years. In variant A (40 kg N/ha) conversion of fertilizer nitrogen into plant matter was more efficient. In variant B (80 kg N/ha) we found a better balance of herbage regrowth over the whole grazing season. The amount of animal products produced in the individual variants correlated with the quantity and …
Dynamics Of Botanical And Chemical Compositions Of Plants In Pasture Mixture,
2026
University of Kentucky
Dynamics Of Botanical And Chemical Compositions Of Plants In Pasture Mixture, Y A. Yakimova, N Petrovski, R Stoilova
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Studies were conducted over five years into the dynamics relating to the botanical and chemical composition of the plant stand on an irrigated pasture run by the Institut po furazite, Pleven. The seed mixture consisted of20 % white clover, 60 % cocksfoot, and 20 % perennial rye grass and received annual phosphorus-potassium fertilization. The pasture was located on a plain 130 m a.s.l. and based on slightly leached chernozem of pH 7 .2. The climate is continental, with an annual mean temperature of 11. 7 °C and a long-term annual precipitation rate of 591 mm. The site was irrigated, which …
Cutting Riverside Meadows Under High-Intensity Management,
2026
All-Union Williams Forage Research Institute
Cutting Riverside Meadows Under High-Intensity Management, Klavdiya Terekhova, Viktor Pavlov, Petr Komakhin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The cutting regime applied to a natural grass stand is of great impact upon productivity and persistence as well as upon composition by groups and species. The date of cutting has effects on the ratio of age groups within populations of species as well as on generative and vegetative renewal, plant vitality, and morphogenesis. The following yields may be obtained from a three-cut or four-cut regime of natural stands accompanied by application of 180 kg N + 60kgP + 60kgK/ha or240kgN + 60kgP + 60 kg K/ha: 6-10 tons of air-dry matter per hectare and 1-2 tons of crude protein …
Productivity Of A Natural Grass Stand At Different Cutting Frequency,
2026
Vyskumny Ustav Luk a Pasienkov
Productivity Of A Natural Grass Stand At Different Cutting Frequency, Jan Tomasik, Ondrei Tomka
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
At adequate moisture supply from the soil, the productive potential of a natural grass stand can be considerably increased within a very short time even in the warmer regions of Czechoslovakia. Under the given ecological conditions, under three•cut use dry matter yields were 7 .2 t/ha when fertilized with 50 kg N/ha, and I 1.7 t/ha after application of 400 kg N/ha; that is a 2. l-3.5fold increase. The crude protein yield increased 2. If old under two-cut use and 5fold under six-cut use, as compared to the unfertilized control plot. The increase in cutting frequency decreased • the dry …
Yield And Nutritive Value Of Forage Plants As Influenced By Stage Of Plant Development At Harvest,
2026
Estonian Agricultural University
Yield And Nutritive Value Of Forage Plants As Influenced By Stage Of Plant Development At Harvest, Khindrek Older, Ants Linnutaya, Yulo Oll
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Field experiments were conducted for the purpose of studying yield formation in six singlecrop sown grass species and two clover/grass mixtures, as well as the. chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of the forage as influenced by the stage of plant development at the time of harvest. Highest dry matter yields were obtained from two-cut use with harvesting in flower. Highest digestible dry matter levels were obtained from three-cut use in the stage of shooting. Highest protein levels were recorded in the context of four-cut use in the heading stage. Digestible nutrients were high in the tillering and shooting stages. …
Use Of Legume/ Grass Pastures In The Central District Of The Ussr Forest Zone,
2026
All-Union Williams Forage Research Institute
Use Of Legume/ Grass Pastures In The Central District Of The Ussr Forest Zone, Anelya Kutuzova, Kira Privalova
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Permissible grazing frequency was elucidated by comparing forage plant mixtures for their response to different regimes of use, with reference being made to variation in yields and in the percentage of sown legume components in the stand. In the absence of nitrogen-fertilized grass stands in the pasture, a mixture with white clover is recommended for five uses. For four uses it is more suitable to take mixtures with red clover or alsike clover, or with white clover as well, provided the availability of grass stands for early pasture use. Only three uses per season are permissible of alfalfa/ grass mixtures, …
Continuous Supply Of Fresh Forage To Factory-Like Dairy Farms As Demonstrated By The Example Of Eibau,
2026
Hochschule fiir Landwirtschaftliche Produktionsgenossenschaften MeiBen
Continuous Supply Of Fresh Forage To Factory-Like Dairy Farms As Demonstrated By The Example Of Eibau, Horst Neubert, Christiane Ruppert
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Investigations conducted in a factory-like dairy farm and in a crop production cooperative farm specialized in forage have proved that the use of fresh forage is very efficient from the economic point of view and that under the conditions of crop production along industrial lines fresh forage can be supplied according to demand and with great effectiveness. This depends, however, on the following conditions: site-specific cropping organization above all with regard to the choice of species and varieties; efficient organization of the harvesting process as well as of transport and storage; sciencebased organization and management of work. Great importance in …
Coronilla Varia L. As Forage Plant And For Prevention Of Soil Erosion,
2026
Vyzkumna Stanice Picninafska
Coronilla Varia L. As Forage Plant And For Prevention Of Soil Erosion, Jan Hofbauer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
From 1973 to 1975, the following parameters were studied in crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.), variety 'Chemung': contents of crude protein, crude fibre, digestible protein, fixed essential amino acids, and NO3-N, as well as the matter and seed yields. The matter and seed yields were analogous to data stated in foreign citations, but the nutrient contents were lower. The optimum time of the first cutting (in terms of nutrient content) is from the end of May to mid-June in the first harvest year, and from mid-June to the end of June in the second. Good seed yields were obtained only from …
New Cultivation Method And Mode Of Utilization Off Orage Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.),
2026
Instytut Uprawy Nawoienia i Gleboznawstwa
New Cultivation Method And Mode Of Utilization Off Orage Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.), Zdzislaw Gonet
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A new method of sunflower cultivation was tested in a field experiment over one year. At 70 cm row spacing it is possible to use the harvester-chopper without crop yield going down. Spring seeding for a density of 200,000 plants/ha is the most favourable approach. The proper plant density at other seeding times (catch cropping) has to be ascertained in further experiments. Because of the remarkable increase of dry matter and nutrient contents from the beginning of flower to the stage of yellow pollen basket, sunflower grown for silage should be harvested only at this later date. Further investigations into …
