Histological Analysis And Gene Expression Of Satellite Cell Markers In The Pectoralis Major Muscle In Broiler Lines Divergently Selected For Percent 4-Day Breast Yield,
2021
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Histological Analysis And Gene Expression Of Satellite Cell Markers In The Pectoralis Major Muscle In Broiler Lines Divergently Selected For Percent 4-Day Breast Yield, Sara K. Orlowski, Sami Dridi, Elizabeth S. Greene, Cynthia S. Coy, Sandra G. Velleman, Nicholas B. Anthony
Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations
Muscle development during embryonic and early post-hatch growth is primarily through hyperplastic growth and accumulation of nuclei through satellite cell contribution. Post-hatch, muscle development transitions from hyperplasia to hypertrophic growth of muscle fibers. Commercial selection for breast yield traditionally occurs at ages targeting hypertrophic rather than hyperplastic growth. This has resulted in the production of giant fibers and concomitant challenges with regard to muscle myopathies. The current study investigates the impact of selection during the period of hyperplastic growth. It is hypothesized that selection for percentage breast yield during hyperplasia will result in an increased number of muscle cells at …
Physical Performance Assessments Of Strength And Power In Women Collegiate Athletes,
2021
George Mason University
Physical Performance Assessments Of Strength And Power In Women Collegiate Athletes, Brian Guthrie, Jennifer B. Fields, Brian Thompson, Margaret T. Jones
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 984-993, 2021. Limited research exists on physical performance assessments for women collegiate athletes. The current cross-sectional study compared field-based tests of muscular strength and power and investigated their relationship. Sports included field hockey, volleyball, soccer, and softball. Tests of one repetition maximum (1-RM) back squat, 1-RM bench press, vertical jump, and standing long jump were administered. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) assessed differences across sports. Bivariate Pearson correlation coefficients examined relationships among tests. It was hypothesized sports with a higher anaerobic nature (volleyball, softball) would outperform those with higher aerobic nature (field hockey, …
Nontraumatic Injuries In The Ncaa: Collegiate Football Strength Coaches Should Exercise Caution This Off-Season,
2021
SUNY Plattsburgh
Nontraumatic Injuries In The Ncaa: Collegiate Football Strength Coaches Should Exercise Caution This Off-Season, Andreas Stamatis, Marshall Magnusen
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 980-983, 2021. Strength and conditioning coaches were allegedly involved in pre-COVID-19 nontraumatic injuries/deaths (e.g., exertional heat illness, exertional rhabdomyolysis, cardiorespiratory failure) of NCAA (mainly football) student-athletes during off-season training sessions. During the COVID-19 health crisis, non-pharmaceutical interventions against the SARS-CoV-2 virus included suspension of NCAA seasons, which led to student-athletes exhibiting lower levels of mental health. All NCAA championships have now been reinstated. This summer the off-season is unique, because as several programs had stopped practicing/competing for several months, it may foster additional threats to the wellbeing of the student-athletes. Immediate supplementary action may …
Combined Physical Training Increases Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Levels, But Not Irisin In People Living With Hiv/Aids,
2021
University of Campinas
Combined Physical Training Increases Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Levels, But Not Irisin In People Living With Hiv/Aids, Joice Cristina Dos Santos Trombeta, Roberto Carlos Vieira Junior, Cláudia Regina Cavaglieri, Ivan Luiz Padilha Bonfante, Jonato Prestes, Ramirez Alsamir Tibana, Morteza Ghayomzadeh, Vinicius Carolino Souza, Seyedahmad Seyedalinaghi, James Wilfred Navalta, Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 1004-1017, 2021. This study evaluated plasma levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), irisin, and lactate in people living with HIV/AIDS who completed a combined physical training program. Nineteen HIV+ participants (age: 39.60 ± 10.96 years; carrier time: 7.75 ± 7.88 years; time of ART: 6.41 ± 5.93 years) performed strength/aerobic training (combined physical training) in the same session for 8 weeks and levels of BDNF, irisin, and lactate were assessed. BDNF (pg/mL) was higher post-CPT (Pre: 1258.73 ± 372.30; Post: 1504.17 ± 322.30; p < 0.001). Irisin (ng/mL) showed no change (Pre: 115.61 ± 72.41; Post: 125.87 ± 81.14; p = 0.973). There was positive correlation between irisin …
Beta-Alanine Supplementation For Four Weeks Increases Volume Index And Reduces Perceived Effort Of Resistance-Trained Men: A Pilot Study.,
2021
Methodist University of Piracicaba, Sao Paulo
Beta-Alanine Supplementation For Four Weeks Increases Volume Index And Reduces Perceived Effort Of Resistance-Trained Men: A Pilot Study., Julio Benvenutti Bueno De Camargo, Felipe Brigatto, Rafael Zaroni, Moises Germano, Raphael Conceicao, Alexandre Martins, Marcelo Aoki, Tiago Braz, Charles Lopes
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(2): 994-1003, 2021. The aim of the present study was to assess the short-term effects of four weeks of beta-alanine supplementation (BA) (6.4 g/day) on the total volume performed and perceived effort of resistance-trained individuals. Sixteen trained men (age: 27.3 ± 5.0 years, height: 1.78 ± 0.1 cm, total body mass: 84.3 ± 8.4 kg, RT experience: 5.9 ± 3.3 years) were allocated in one of the following groups: BA or Placebo (PLA). In addition, during the same period, participants were submitted to a resistance training program. Volume index (VI) and the rate of perceived …
A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis On The Efficacy Of Stem Cell Therapy On Bone Brittleness In Mouse Models Of Osteogenesis Imperfecta,
2021
CUNY City College
A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis On The Efficacy Of Stem Cell Therapy On Bone Brittleness In Mouse Models Of Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Lauren Battle, Shoshana Yakar, Alessandra Carriero
Publications and Research
There is no cure for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), and current treatments can only partially correct the bone phenotype. Stem cell therapy holds potential to improve bone quality and quantity in OI. Here, we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies to investigate the efficacy of stem cell therapy to rescue bone brittleness in mouse models of OI. Identified studies included bone marrow, mesenchymal stem cells, and human fetal stem cells. Effect size of fracture incidence, maximum load, stiffness, cortical thickness, bone volume fraction, and raw engraftment rates were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis. Cell type, cell number, injection …
Evaluation Of Load Velocity Profiles With Varying Warm-Up Sets And Relative Intensities,
2021
Texas A&M International University
Evaluation Of Load Velocity Profiles With Varying Warm-Up Sets And Relative Intensities, Gabriel L. Perez, Samantha V. Narvaez, Joshua Carrillo, Misael Duque, Noel F. Medrano, Brett S. Nickerson
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 971-979, 2021. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the number of warm-up sets and relative intensity impacts the prediction of velocity-based one-repetition maximum (1RM) values. Twenty resistance-trained individuals (males: n = 10, females: n = 10) participated in this study. Warm-up sets consisted of subject’s bench-pressing loads at 50 (five-repetitions), 70 (three-repetitions), and 90% (one-repetition) of estimated 1RM. A maximum of four attempts were performed to determine 1RM, while recording mean concentric velocity (MCV)using a linear position transducer during warm-up and 1RM trials in order to develop load-velocity profiles. Specifically, four …
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation With The Halo Sport Does Not Improve Performance On A Three-Minute High Intensity Cycling Test,
2021
Western Michigan University
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation With The Halo Sport Does Not Improve Performance On A Three-Minute High Intensity Cycling Test, Collin Garner, Rachel Dykstra, Nicholas J. Hanson, Michael G. Miller
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 962-970, 2021. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) uses a weak electrical current that is sent through the cerebral cortex. The Halo Sport headphones are a user-friendly form of tDCS that is implemented by many athletes purportedly to improve performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tDCS, using the Halo Sport, on performance variables associated with a high-intensity three-minute cycling test. Eighteen healthy, active individuals (ten men, eight women) volunteered for this study. The Halo Sport headphones were worn during a 20-minute warmup before completing a high-intensity three-minute cycling test. …
Notch Signaling Represses Cone Photoreceptor Formation Through The Regulation Of Retinal Progenitor Cell States,
2021
CUNY City College
Notch Signaling Represses Cone Photoreceptor Formation Through The Regulation Of Retinal Progenitor Cell States, Xueqing Chen, Mark M. Emerson
Publications and Research
Notch signaling is required to repress the formation of vertebrate cone photoreceptors and to maintain the proliferative potential of multipotent retinal progenitor cells. However, the mechanism by which Notch signaling controls these processes is unknown. Recently, restricted retinal progenitor cells with limited proliferation capacity and that preferentially generate cone photoreceptors have been identified. Thus, there are several potential steps during cone genesis that Notch signaling could act. Here we use cell type specific cis-regulatory elements to localize the primary role of Notch signaling in cone genesis to the formation of restricted retinal progenitor cells from multipotent retinal progenitor cells. Localized …
Late Embryogenesis Abundant Proteins And Mitochondrial Membranes From An Animal Extremophile: Insights Into Severe Water Stress,
2021
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Late Embryogenesis Abundant Proteins And Mitochondrial Membranes From An Animal Extremophile: Insights Into Severe Water Stress, John Marcus Anderson
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation focuses on two major topics germane to mechanisms by which animals tolerate extreme water stress. First, the impact of transgenic expression of late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEA) on water stress tolerance of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster was investigated. The overall aim was to extend current understanding of the protective properties of LEA proteins documented with isolated cells to a desiccation-sensitive organism during exposure to drying and hyperosmotic stress. Four lines of D. melanogaster were created that expressed transgenes encoding selected LEA proteins originally identified in embryos of the extremophile Artemia franciscana. After 80% tissue water loss, …
Temperature-Induced Activation Of The Reproductive Axis Through Melatonin-Mediated Changes In Thyrotropin,
2021
Portland State University
Temperature-Induced Activation Of The Reproductive Axis Through Melatonin-Mediated Changes In Thyrotropin, Treven J. Winters
Dissertations and Theses
An animal's ability to synchronize life-history events or stages with optimal environmental conditions is paramount to successfully reproducing and maximizing fitness. Additional events including migration, foraging, rearing of young, and emergence from hibernation are all examples of processes under environmental control in one species or another. An exciting new mechanism involving neural thyroid hormone metabolism has been elucidated that links environmental control to the neuroendocrine reproductive axis. In birds and mammals with seasonal breeding cycles, this neuroendocrine pathway is activated by photoperiod-induced changes in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH, also known as thyrotropin) production within the pars tuberalis region of the …
Black And White Health Disparities: Racial Bias In American Healthcare,
2021
Wilfrid Laurier University
Black And White Health Disparities: Racial Bias In American Healthcare, Yasmeen Almomani
Bridges: An Undergraduate Journal of Contemporary Connections
This paper explores the historical implications of race in American society that have led to implicit racism in the healthcare system. Racial bias in healthcare against Black people is a factor in the health disparities between Black and white people in America, such as the gap in life expectancy, infant death, and maternal mortality. Black people are more likely to report racial discrimination from healthcare providers, which is a reason for the decreased quality of care received. The past justifications of slavery, the Tuskegee syphilis study, and the medical experimentations on Black women are horrifying but were considered acceptable in …
Prediction And Cross-Validation Of An Energy Expenditure Equation In Walking Or Running In Asian Adults,
2021
University of Mississippi, University, MS
Prediction And Cross-Validation Of An Energy Expenditure Equation In Walking Or Running In Asian Adults, Xi Jin, Teresa Carithers, Mark Loftin
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(7): 932-940, 2021. The prevalence of obesity is increasing across the world. Knowledge of the actual energy expenditure (EE) of walking and running can lead to a more precise exercise prescription which may contribute to obesity reduction or avoidance. Limited research has focused on EE prediction during walking or running in Asian adults. So, the aims of this study included developing an EE prediction equation and cross-validating the equation for Asian adults. Methods: A total of 85 Asians participated to test EE through indirect calorimetry. Linear regression analysis was employed for EE prediction, and a …
Developing A Comprehensive Testing Battery For Mixed Martial Arts,
2021
Edith Cowan University
Developing A Comprehensive Testing Battery For Mixed Martial Arts, Matthew G. Plush, Stuart N. Guppy, Kazunori Nosaka, Oliver R. Barley
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 941-961, 2021. Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a combat sport that employs techniques from different combat disciplines. There are a multitude of technical and physiological characteristics that contribute to competitive success. Developing a single scientific assessment that can predict competitive outcomes poses great difficulty due to the complexity of MMA. While previous research has investigated some important physiological characteristics, there is no accepted best-practice for a comprehensive testing battery. As such, this study aimed to design and utilize a battery of physiological assessments to cover aerobic and anaerobic function, strength measures including explosive and …
Anthropometric And Leg Power Factors Affect Offensive Kinetic Patterns In Fencing,
2021
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Anthropometric And Leg Power Factors Affect Offensive Kinetic Patterns In Fencing, Anastasia Ntai, Charilaos Tsolakis, Athanasia Smirniotou, Giorgos Paradisis
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 919-931, 2021. This study aimed to identify potential factors that may influence specific fencing offensive kinetic patterns in a large group of well-trained fencers having different ages, gender level, and training specialization. One-hundred-thirty fencers (males: n = 72) and (females: n = 58), participating in three different fencing weapons (epee, foil, and sabre), having considerable experience of national and international competitions. All members of seven national fencing teams were measured for basic anthropometric parameters, leg power performance and velocity values for three specific kinetic offensive patterns during an International Fencing camp. A multivariate analysis …
The Effect Of Freeze-Thaw Events On Dna Integrity In The Gray Treefrog (Hyla Versicolor),
2021
Western Kentucky University
The Effect Of Freeze-Thaw Events On Dna Integrity In The Gray Treefrog (Hyla Versicolor), Georgia Ficarra
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Freeze-tolerant gray treefrogs survive winter by producing natural cryoprotectants and accommodating ice formation within extracellular spaces. While frozen, gray treefrogs endure hyperglycemia, dehydration, and anoxia due to the halt of all bodily functions. Upon thawing, the frogs’ anoxic cells receive a rapid influx of oxygen, which can cause oxidative damage to vital macromolecules including DNA. Previous studies have suggested freeze-tolerant frogs avoid oxidative damage after freeze-thaw events by elevating antioxidant activity, but recent work has shown upregulated DNA repair encoding genes in post-freeze frogs. The objective of this thesis is to assess the cellular costs of freezing by measuring oxidative …
Effect Of A 2-Week Relaxing Music Intervention On Anxiety, Stress, And Gut Symptoms In Aerobic Exercisers,
2021
Old Dominion University
Effect Of A 2-Week Relaxing Music Intervention On Anxiety, Stress, And Gut Symptoms In Aerobic Exercisers, Halie Marisa Maass
Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a two-week relaxing music intervention on stress, anxiety, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in exercisers with at least mild anxiety and exercise-related GI symptoms. Block randomization was used to allocate 15 women and two men into control (n = 8) or intervention (n = 9) groups following a one-week baseline. During the baseline period, participants recorded details of their aerobic exercise sessions and discomfort with GI symptoms (nausea, regurgitation/reflux, stomach fullness, bloating, abdominal cramps, gas, the urge to defecate). Following randomization, both groups tracked these same details for two additional …
Heat Stress And Feed Restriction Distinctly Affect Performance, Carcass And Meat Yield, Intestinal Integrity, And Inflammatory (Chemo)Cytokines In Broiler Chickens,
2021
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Heat Stress And Feed Restriction Distinctly Affect Performance, Carcass And Meat Yield, Intestinal Integrity, And Inflammatory (Chemo)Cytokines In Broiler Chickens, Nima K. Emami, Elizabeth S. Greene, Michael H. Kogut, Sami Dridi
Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations
This study was conducted to distinguish the effects of heat stress (HS) and feed intake (FI) on broiler chicken’s physiological responses. Day-old male Cobb 500 broilers (n = 672) were allocated to three treatments: (1) control (CTL): birds raised under normal temperature (23°C) from day 29 to 42; (2) cyclic heat stress (CHS): birds exposed to high temperatures (8 h/day at 35°C; from 9:30 am to 5:30 pm) from day 29 to 42; (3) pair-fed (PF): birds raised under thermoneutral condition but fed the same amount of feed as CHS from day 29 to 42. On day 42, 15 …
Role Of Nhe3 In The Intestine And Thick Ascending Limb Of The Kidneys,
2021
University of South Florida
Role Of Nhe3 In The Intestine And Thick Ascending Limb Of The Kidneys, Jianxiang Xue
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3, SLC9A3) mediates most Na+/H+ exchange in the gastrointestinal tract and the kidney, where it plays crucial roles in Na+ and fluid absorption as well as acid-base homeostasis. Whole body NHE3 knockout (NHE3-/-) mice show overt absorptive defects in both the intestine and kidneys. Genetic mutations of NHE3 gene in humans are associated with congenital sodium diarrhea (CSD). In the kidneys, NHE3 is expressed in the proximal tubule (PT) and the thick ascending limb (TAL). Whole kidney-specific (PT and TAL) NHE3 knockout (NHE3Pax8cre) mice and PT-specific NHE3 knockout (PT-NHE3-/-) mice have shown the importance of …
Blood Plasma Biomarkers For Woody Breast Disease In Commercial Broilers,
2021
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Blood Plasma Biomarkers For Woody Breast Disease In Commercial Broilers, Byungwhi C. Kong, Bhuwan Khatri, Seong Kang, Stephanie Shouse, Hakeem J. Kadhim, Michael Thomas Kidd Jr., Kentu Lassiter, Joseph Hiltz, Barbara Mallmann, Sara Orlowski, Nicholas Anthony, Walter G. Bottje, Wayne Kuenzel, Casey Owens
Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations
Woody breast (WB) myopathy results in poor muscle quality. The increasing incidence of WB over the last several years indicates a need for improved prediction or early diagnosis. We hypothesized that the use of body fluids, including blood, may be more suitable than breast muscle tissue in developing a minimally invasive diagnostic tool for WB detection. To identify potential early-age-biomarkers that may represent the potential onset of WB, blood samples were collected from 100, 4 wks old commercial male broilers. At 8 wks of age, WB conditions were scored by manual palpation. A total of 32 blood plasma samples (eight …
