Physiology Commons^™

Covid-19 Lockdowns: Exacerbating The Silent Pandemic, David Gomez, Eric V. Neufeld, James W. Hicks, Brett A. Dolezal

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 1256-1260, 2021. The global medical community has exalted the vaccine as the champion solution to end the violent toll inflicted by COVID-19. While the role of vaccines cannot be undervalued in wide-scale intervention, presenting them as the sole solution exonerates individuals of the importance of taking ownership over their lifestyle choices. This editorial focuses on the importance of physical activity as a crucial component of COVID-19 prevention programs and a long-term investment against chronic diseases.

The Brain Family, Edward Ning '23, Siddharth Tiwari '22, Avery Hedican '23

Human Diseases Graphic Novels

No abstract provided.

Using Exercise As A Stress Management Technique During The Covid-19 Pandemic: The Differences Between Men And Women In College, Lucas D. Elliott, Oliver W. A. Wilson, Kelsey Holland, Melissa Bopp

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(5): 1234-1246, 2021. Psychological stress is a major concern in college students and can lead to negative mental and physical health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased psychological stress. Using exercise as a stress management technique has been shown to have a large effect in preventing and treating psychological stress. This study attempts to understand the gender differences between how using exercise as a stress management technique predicts perceived stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Students completed an online survey to self-report their stress management techniques, perceived stress (PSS-10), grade point average (GPA) and demographics …

Different Barbell Height Positions Affect Maximal Isometric Deadlift Force And Subsequent Squat Jump Performance In Recreationally-Trained Men, Jonathan Montano, Elizabeth Torossian, Vincent G.F. Martinez, Leran Lhanie, Shahan Awakimian, Charles Ricardo Lopes, Priscyla N. Marchetti, Paulo Henrique Marchetti

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 1247-1255, 2021. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the effect of two different deadlift barbell height positions on maximal isometric force and subsequent maximal squat jump performance in recreationally-trained men. Fifteen young, healthy, recreationally-trained men (age: 24.7 ± 3.5years, height: 177.1 ± 7.9cm, and total body mass: 81.2 ± 9.8kg) volunteered to participate. All participants performed maximal squat jumps (MSJ) at 90º of knee flexion before (pre-test) and after 4-min (post-test) performing the deadlift exercise using maximal isometric force (MIF) and MIF normalized by body mass (ratio_MIF) in two …

The Effects Aerobic Fitness Has On Heart Rate Responses For A Custody Assistant Recruit Class Performing A Formation Run, Karly Rodas, Matthew Moreno, Ashley Bloodgood, J. Jay Dawes, Joseph Dulla, Robin Marc Orr, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 1219-1233, 2021. This study measured the heart rate (HR) responses to a formation run (group run completed along a set route) performed by higher fitness (HF), moderate fitness (MF), or lower fitness (LF) custody assistant (CA) recruits. Retrospective data from 26 recruits (12 males, 14 females) were analyzed. Prior to academy training, a YMCA step test was administered. Recruits were divided into three groups based on recovery HR: top 25% were HF; bottom 25% were LF; the rest were MF. Recruit HR was measured during a formation run completed at an ~11-minute mile· pace …

Creating Reel Designs: Reflecting On Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita In The Community, Iris Layadi

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

Because of its extreme rarity, the genetic disease arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) and the needs of individuals with the diagnosis are often overlooked. AMC refers to the development of nonprogressive contractures in disparate areas of the body and is characterized by decreased flexibility in joints, muscle atrophy, and developmental delays. Colton Darst, a seven-year-old boy from Indianapolis, Indiana, was born with the disorder, and since then, he has undergone numerous surgical interventions and continues to receive orthopedic therapy to reduce his physical limitations. His parents, Michael and Amber Darst, have hopes for him to regain his limbic motion and are …

Body Composition Assessment In Masters Level Swimmers, Megan E. Larson, Amy Morgan, Jessica Kiss, Mary-Jon Ludy

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Body composition of collegiate swimmers has been extensively studied; however, there are limited reports of body composition among Masters swimmers. This study compared the accuracy of air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) to the gold standard method of underwater weighing (UWW) in Masters level swimmers. The relationship between percent body fat (%BF) and body mass index (BMI) was also assessed. Recruitment (n = 6 females, 11 males) occurred at two Masters swim clubs. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed no significant differences between ADP, BIA, and UWW (p > 0.05). For both female and male Masters swimmers, the mean %BF …

Diversity And Inclusion In The Stem Classroom, Sowmya Anjur

Faculty Publications & Research

A model of equity and diversity in STEM education has been developed, with applications to classroom pedagogy. This Equity and Excellence Model incorporates culturally responsive classrooms, based on diversity and equity minded practices. The diversity model was successfully implemented into a Science classroom and this model is still evolving to be more widespread to fit other classrooms and districts nationwide.

The Effect Of Rest Interval Length On Upper And Lower Body Exercises In Resistance-Trained Females, Desmond J. Millender, Zachary A. Mang, Jason R. Beam, Rogelio A. Realzola, Leonard Kravitz

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(7): 1178-1191, 2021. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of SHORT (1 min) and LONG (3 min) rest intervals (RI) on total volume lifted (TVL), repetition performance, fatigue index (FI), and blood lactate [La] during upper body (chest press) and lower body (leg press) exercise with low-intensity (75% of a 10-RM) in trained female lifters. Fourteen females (mean ± SD, age = 22.9 ± 5.4 years, training experience = 5.2 ± 2.5 years, height = 166.1 ± 6.9 cm, weight = 61.3 ± 5.1 kg, body fat % = 21.7 ± …

Effects Of Isometric Exercises Versus Static Stretching In Warm-Up Regimens For Running Sport Athletes: A Systematic Review, Zachary Ullman, Michael Fernandez, Matthew Klein

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 1204-1218, 2021. The objective of this review was to identify studies that report the pre-exercise effects of isometric exercise versus static stretching on performance and injury rates of running athletes in comparison to their outcomes. Seven electronic databases were searched: Cochrane, PEDro, CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE, SportDiscus, and GoogleScholar. Data was collected using an established PICO question, and assembled logic grid. The included articles were required to (1) assess running performance or injury prevention and (2) include isometric exercises/muscle activation and/or static stretching. Articles published prior to the year 2000, non-English, and non-human studies were …

Youth-To-Senior Transition In Elite European Club Soccer, Thomas Carpels, Nairn Scobie, Niall G. Macfarlane, Ole J. Kemi

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 1192-1203, 2021. The priority for soccer academies is to develop youth players that graduate and transfer directly to their senior squads. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of this direct youth-to-senior pathway by examining the extent to which club-trained players (CTPs) are currently involved in elite male European soccer. Relevant demographic longitudinal studies between 2009 and 2020 conducted by the International Centre for Sports Studies Football Observatory were analysed. The main findings were that the proportion of CTPs in senior squads has decreased from 23% to 17% over this time …

Physical Activity During Pregnancy May Mitigate Adverse Outcomes Resulting From Covid-19 And Distancing Regulations: Perspectives Of Prenatal Healthcare Providers In The Southern Region Of The United States, Taniya S. Nagpal, Jill Maples, Cathryn Duchette, Elizabeth A. Altizer, Rachel Tinius

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 1138-1150, 2021. Prenatal physical activity (PA) may mitigate adverse outcomes that have increased as a result of the coronavirus pandemic, including poor maternal mental health. This study explored the perspectives of prenatal healthcare providers (PHCP) on maternal PA during the pandemic and identified resources providers would like to have to inform clinical discussions and prescription of PA. Semi-structured interviews were completed with PHCPs following a qualitative description approach. A content analysis coded data to inform three study objectives: 1. Changes to maternal health, 2. The role prenatal PA can have during a pandemic, 3. …

Predictive Accuracy Of The Nelson Equation Via Bodpod Compared To Commonly Used Equations To Estimate Resting Metabolic Rate In Adults, Bryndan Lindsey, Daniel Shookster, Joel Martin, Nelson Cortes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(2): 1166-1177, 2021. Indirect calorimetry (IC) is considered the gold standard for assessing resting metabolic rate (RMR). However, many people do not have access to IC devices and use prediction equations for RMR estimation. Equations using fat free mass (FFM) as a predictor have been developed to estimate RMR, as a strong relationship exists between FFM and RMR. One such equation is the Nelson equation which is used by the BodPod (BP). Yet, there is limited evidence whether the Nelson equation is superior to other common equations to predict RMR. To examine the agreement between …

Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption And Substrate Oxidation Following High-Intensity Interval Training: Effects Of Recovery Manipulation, Márcio Sindorf, Moisés Germano, Wellington Dias, Danilo Batista, Tiago Braz, Marlene Moreno, Charles Lopes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(2): 1151-1165, 2021. The recovery manipulation during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may have the potential to modulate the responses of post-exercise energy metabolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the type (i.e., passive and active) and duration (i.e., short and long) of the recovery between the intervals in HIIT affect the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) and oxidation of fats and carbohydrates during the post-exercise recovery. Eight physically active men performed a maximal incremental test, to determine the peak oxygen consumption (O₂peak) and the first ventilatory …

Mitigation Strategies For Central Nervous System Oxygen Toxicity In Rodents: Ketone Metabolic Therapy And Mitochondrial Antioxidant Therapy, Christopher Manuel Hinojo

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) is a frequently encountered condition in undersea medicine and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). The risk of CNS oxygen toxicity (CNS-OT) seizures limits its use in hyperbaric medicine and limits bottom time for diving operations. In this study, we sought to understand the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in two mitigation strategies for CNS-OT; ketone metabolic therapy (KMT), which is known to delay onset of CNS-OT seizures, and mitochondria targeted antioxidant therapy (MitoTAT), which has never been tested under HBO2 conditions. We specifically focused on superoxide anions, one of the early reduction products of molecular oxygen, and …

Transporters In The Jejunum Of Modern Broilers And Their Ancestor Wild Jungle Fowl, Nedra Abdelli, Alison Ramser, Elizabeth S. Greene, Lesleigh Beer, Travis W. Tabler, Sara K. Orlowski, Jose Francisco Perez, David Sola-Oriol, Nicholas B. Anthony, Sami Dridi

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Heat stress (HS) has been reported to disrupt nutrient digestion and absorption in broilers. These effects may be more prominent in fast-growing chickens due to their high metabolic activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. Hence, the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic HS on jejunal nutrient transport in slow- (Athens Canadian Random Bred, ACRB from 1950), moderate- (The 1995 random bred, 95RAN), rapid- (modern broilers, modern random bred, MRB) growing birds and their ancestor wild jungle fowl (JF). One-day male chicks (n = 150/line) were placed by line in environmentally controlled …

Central Nervous System Associated With Light Perception And Physiological Responses Of Birds, Seong Kang

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Environmental light that animal receives (i.e., photoperiod and light intensity) has recently been shown that it affects avian central nervous system for the physiological responses to the environment by up or downregulation of dopamine and serotonin activities, and this, in turn, affects the reproductive function and stress-related behavior of birds. In this study, the author speculated on the intriguing possibility that one of the proposed avian deep-brain photoreceptors (DBPs), i.e., melanopsin (Opn4), may play roles in the dual sensory-neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus, midbrain, and brain stem for the behavior and physiological responses of birds by light. Specifically, the author …

An Investigation Of The Knowledge And Perceptions Of Arthritis Amongst The Student Population In Ireland., Laura Dunleavy, Máire Mccallion

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Background: Arthritis is a term used to categorise many diseases that primarily affect joints. It is a highly prevalent disease worldwide with approximately 915,000 individuals living with it in Ireland. Support is vital and it is important that individuals in college have a good understanding of disabilities. Previous studies found that there is a lack of knowledge and awareness about rheumatic diseases amongst the general public, however, no studies focused on the student population.

Aim: To investigate students’ knowledge and perception of arthritis and to determine whether education and more awareness about arthritis is needed amongst students.

Methods: This was …

A Literature Review On The Development Of Upper Limbs In Humans, Anh T. Phan

The Cardinal Edge

The development of tetrapod upper limbs shares an evolutionary origin and has been adapted and specialized for different functions for different species, such as flight in birds, swimming and balance in sea mammals, and coordination and grabbing objects in humans. The basis of tetrapod limb development has common developmental patterns, starting with the formation of the limb bud via Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, where later developmental steps are modified for specialized functions. This review covers the basic developmental patterns of mammalian tetrapod development seen in humans, beginning with the formation of the limb bud, to the axis development of the …

Post Pandemic Aquatics: Professionals On Deck, Susan J. Grosse

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

As aquatic programs re-open and/or expand as COVID restrictions lift, avoiding virus transmission is a top health and safety concern. This article presents options for safe social distancing for professionals and participants during teaching of swim lessons, coaching sessions, and aquatic exercise classes. Emphasis is on practical, session-to-session issues. Suggestions are applicable to all ages of participants in aquatic programs. Focus is on information for aquatic professionals providing direct participant service. Guidelines for program management are also included.