Public Policy Commons^™

Latinos In Massachusetts Selected Areas: Watertown, Phillip Granberry, Michelle Borges, Florita Coto Tristán

Gastón Institute Publications

This is a publication of the Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy.

Latinos In Massachusetts Selected Areas: Taunton, Phillip Granberry, Michelle Borges, Florita Coto Tristán

Gastón Institute Publications

This is a publication of the Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy.

Latinos In Massachusetts Selected Areas: Leominster, Phillip Granberry, Michelle Borges, Florita Coto Tristán

Gastón Institute Publications

This is a publication of the Mauricio Gastón Institute for Latino Community Development and Public Policy.

Commercial Truck Drivers' Perceptions About The Influences Of Safety Regulations On Retention, Akeisha Arnett

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The persistent shortage of commercial truck drivers remains a prominent concern in the industry. There is a potential for the shortage to exacerbate, possibly reaching an estimated 50,000 drivers, due to the need for more adequately qualified candidates. The purpose of this qualitative study was to improve the understanding of how commercial truck drivers who have worked in the industry for at least 1 year perceived the relevance of the U.S. Department of Transportation’s (DoT) safety regulation 49 CFR Part 395 on the number of allowed active driving hours potentially impacts their retention decisions. The research questions focused on the …

New Local Government It Employees’ Onboarding Perception Of Barriers, Solutions, And Expected Outcomes For Service Delivery Engagement, Ursula White-Oliver

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Employee onboarding and socialization experienced by local government information technology (IT) employees is an industry issue among those without prior public sector employment. This study entailed an evaluation of the onboarding process by gathering perspectives from a local government IT department to help an organization understand onboarding and socialization needs and desires of new employees. The purpose was to address public IT employees’ experiences and what they thought needed to change about their experiences. Surveys of employees and personal individual interviews with thirty-one managers and subject matter experts from across the organization were used to provide data about transitioning to …

Co-Producing Learning Space In A Prison-University Partnership, Ross E. Little

Journal of Prison Education Research

This article explores a classroom co-produced by learners serving prison sentences, undergraduate criminology students and a pair of lecturer-facilitators. This space, in a high security prison for men serving life sentences (‘HMP Lifer’), provides a good example of ethical praxis and moral sight working in combination to mitigate against moral and ethical blindness. It is a mechanism by which pedagogical concerns, and some human-centred ones, can be realised in an unconventional context.

There are two areas to the discussion. Firstly, the effects of incorporating students from outside the prison into the classroom space, such as enhanced proximity, the reduction of …

Estimating The Economic Impact Of A Natural Disaster On The Workforce Resiliency: An Analysis Of The Virginia Beach - Chesapeake - Norfolk Metropolitan Statistical Area, Robert M. Mcnab, Yin-Hsuen Chen, George Mcleod

Presentations, Lectures, Posters, Reports

In this paper, we explore the potential economic impacts associated with a major hurricane making landfall in Hampton Roads. We estimate the direct damages from a Florence-like Category 3 hurricane with a 3.6 feet tidal offset are estimated at $15.6 billion, equivalent to 10% of the 2022 regional GDP. If we apply existing flood insurance rates to these projected damages, we estimate that the total economic impact would exceed $12 billion with a short-term loss of more than 76,000 jobs. The job losses are concentrated in sectors that provide services to households which would bear the brunt of damages during …

How Can We Improve Educational Experiences For Refugee Students In Poland?, Iwona B. Franczak, Amy C. Lutz

Center for Policy Research

Schools play an important role in safety and stability for refugee students, including the Ukrainian school-age children who fled the war after Russia’s invasion in 2022. This brief summarizes findings from a study that used data from 24 interviews conducted in 2022 with teachers and mothers of Ukrainian refugee children attending elementary schools in Poland to examine the impact of forced migration on academic progress and socio-emotional well-being of refugee students. The authors find war and forced migration disrupt children’s school routines, but that schools can foster positive outcomes by teaching in the children’s native language, using cultural assistants, and …

Gender Ideology And Gender Equality Policy Adoption, Wendell Christopher Lewis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Gender-based violence threatens the social and economic security of countries. Gender equality policies, which address the ideological and material relations of gender equality that support gender-based violence, are being stymied by antigender coalitions. Little is known of the concept called gender ideology used by this coalition to facilitate policy intractability of gender equality policies. This mixed-method study was intended to fill the theoretical and methodological gaps in the literature using the narrative policy framework to explore the concept of gender ideology and policy intractability during the National Gender Policy debate in Trinidad and Tobago between 2010-2018. The research questions focused …

Giving Our “Paper Tiger” Real Teeth: Fixing The U.S. Military’S Plans For Contested Logistics Against China, Zachary S. Hughes

Joint Force Quarterly

This article argues that the U.S. military’s emerging concepts for dispersed operations in the Western Pacific risk becoming unsustainable because logistics has not been fully integrated into force design and campaign planning. Focusing on a potential conflict with China, the author contends that logistics would likely be a decisive factor, particularly in scenarios involving a blockade or invasion of Taiwan and operations inside China’s antiaccess/area-denial network. The article reviews the logistical demands of Marine Corps Expeditionary Advanced Base Operations, Army multidomain task forces, and Air Force Agile Combat Employment, finding that each concept creates significant sustainment challenges and often shifts …

Exploring Determinants Of Transit Recovery After The Covid-19 Pandemic, Udit Khandelwal

Dissertations and Theses

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted public transit systems across the US, resulting in substantial declines in ridership and revenue. At the same time, ridership has increased to different levels in cities. This thesis explores the determinants of transit recovery in American cities post-pandemic. It analyzes data from the National Transit Database (NTD) and employs a two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression model first laid out by Taylor et al. (2008) for data from 2000. Similar to the results of that paper, the thesis finds strong correlation between transit ridership and variables for transit supply and urban and demographic characteristics for 2019 …

The Joint Functions: Theory, Doctrine, And Practice, Matthew J. Tackett

Joint Force Quarterly

This article analyzes the joint functions as a framework for organizing, planning, and conducting joint operations and argues that commanders should understand them through the combined lenses of military theory, doctrine, and practice. The author traces the development of the joint functions from earlier concepts of command, maneuver, fires, protection, intelligence, sustainment, and staff organization, emphasizing their role in providing a common language across the joint force. Drawing particularly on Milan Vego’s theory of operational functions, the article questions whether current doctrine adequately addresses the distinct requirements of operational-level warfare. It highlights command and control, information, movement and maneuver, and …

The Fragile Balance Of Terror: Deterrence In The New Nuclear Age, John William Sutcliffe Iv

Joint Force Quarterly

This book review assesses The Fragile Balance of Terror: Deterrence in the New Nuclear Age, edited by Vipin Narang and Scott D. Sagan, which reconsiders nuclear deterrence in a strategic environment that differs substantially from the Cold War. The volume addresses both new and enduring challenges, including multipolar nuclear competition, personalist regimes, social media, open-source intelligence, evolving definitions of nuclear sufficiency, advances in counterforce capabilities, regional command-and-control practices, and assumptions about nuclear learning. The reviewer highlights the book’s use of diverse historical and contemporary case studies to show how deterrence can be undermined by miscalculation, political context, information dynamics, and …

The Military Legacy Of Alexander The Great: Lessons For The Information Age, Robert D. Spessert

Joint Force Quarterly

This book review assesses Michael P. Ferguson and Ian Worthington’s The Military Legacy of Alexander the Great: Lessons for the Information Age, which connects Alexander’s campaigns and leadership to contemporary military and national security challenges. The authors organize the book around themes including the operational environment, military organization, campaign design, strategic overreach, and the human dimension of war. The review highlights how Alexander’s decisions offer lessons on mission command, logistics, political objectives, leadership, and the limits of military success. Particular attention is given to the joint function of information, including Alexander’s use of deception, narrative, symbolism, and audience-specific messaging …

Don’T Let’S Be Beastly To The Germans: The British Occupation Of Germany, 1945–49, Michael C. Davies

Joint Force Quarterly

This book review assesses Daniel Cowling’s Don’t Let’s Be Beastly to the Germans: The British Occupation of Germany, 1945–49, a study of British efforts to govern and reconstruct Germany after World War II. Drawing on archival research and personal accounts, the book traces the British occupation from early planning and ideological debates through implementation, near collapse, recovery, and the eventual restoration of German sovereignty. The reviewer highlights Cowling’s attention to the tension between punishment and reconciliation, the difficulties of working with former Nazis, and the ways personal relationships and individual judgment influenced policy. Particular emphasis is placed on the …

From Sparta To Hostomel: The Enduring Role Of Joint Forcible Entry Operations, Jonathan Maxwell Cohen

Joint Force Quarterly

This article argues that joint forcible entry operations remain relevant despite the growing threat posed by antiaccess/area-denial networks. Using the Russian assault on Hostomel Airport during the opening phase of the 2022 invasion of Ukraine as a case study, the author contends that the operation failed not because forcible entry had become obsolete, but because Russian forces were unable to isolate and expand the lodgment, protect access for follow-on forces, and integrate maneuver and supporting fires effectively. The article traces the historical development of forcible entry from ancient amphibious operations through airborne and air assault doctrine, then applies lessons from …

Better In Pairs: Divide The Indo-Pacific Theater In Half, Tim Devine

Joint Force Quarterly

This article argues that the Department of Defense should reconsider the current geographic organization of U.S. Indo-Pacific Command and create a second geographic combatant command in the region. The author contends that USINDOPACOM’s vast area of responsibility, expanding subordinate structure, growing operational demands, and increasing strategic competition with China are placing excessive strain on a single theater headquarters. Drawing on the U.S. experience in the Pacific during World War II, when separate commands under Admiral Chester Nimitz and General Douglas MacArthur divided responsibilities across the theater, the article presents a dual-command model as a historically proven way to improve span …

The Need For U.S. Stability Policing, John F. Hussey

Joint Force Quarterly

This article argues that the U.S. military needs a dedicated stability policing capability to establish public order, protect civilians, uphold the rule of law, and consolidate gains during the transition from combat operations to postconflict stability. Drawing on U.S. experiences in Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan, the author contends that military forces have often been ill prepared to perform civilian policing or train indigenous police forces, leading to overly militarized approaches that can undermine legitimacy and public trust. The article emphasizes that stability policing requires personnel with civilian law enforcement expertise, particularly during the critical period immediately following major combat operations. …

The Profession Of Arms: What Scholars, Practitioners, And Others Of Note Have Had To Say, Gregory D. Foster

Joint Force Quarterly

This article brings together foundational and contemporary perspectives on the profession of arms to consider what defines military professionalism and whether that concept remains sufficient for today’s security environment. Beginning with the officer’s commission, oath of office, and joint doctrine, the author emphasizes that military service rests on constitutional loyalty, character, competence, expertise, responsibility, ethical conduct, and public trust. The article then presents influential views from figures such as George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, Alexis de Tocqueville, Samuel Huntington, Morris Janowitz, Sir John Winthrop Hackett, Charles Moskos, Douglas MacArthur, and Martin Dempsey, highlighting recurring themes of civilian control, selfless service, professional …

Ethical Leadership Development: Highlights From The Past And A Glimpse Of The Future, Elias Ursitti, Eric J. Weis, Donald P. Loren

Joint Force Quarterly

This article traces the development of ethical leadership in the U.S. military over the past century and argues that character, integrity, and ethical judgment remain essential to the profession of arms. Using the Eisenhower School’s centennial as a framework, the authors review how military ethics have adapted to changing forms of warfare, technology, law, civil-military relations, and social expectations from the interwar period through the post–Cold War era. They highlight recurring challenges involving civilian protection, command responsibility, nuclear weapons, counterinsurgency, autonomous systems, private military contractors, diversity and inclusion, toxic leadership, and the psychological effects of war. Looking ahead, the article …

One Hundredth Anniversary Of The Eisenhower School For National Security And Resource Strategy: A Tribute In Three Verses, Gregory D. Foster

Joint Force Quarterly

This article commemorates the 100th anniversary of the Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy and places the school’s development within the broader history of U.S. national security, professional military education, and the profession of arms. Founded in 1924 as the Army Industrial College in response to mobilization challenges revealed by World War I, the institution later became the Industrial College of the Armed Forces before adopting its current name in 2012. The article traces this evolution alongside major changes in U.S. defense organization, strategy, civil-military relations, and the international security environment. It also introduces a Joint …

Stop Talking To Yourself: Military Recruiting In The Modern Age, Richard R. Bell, Elizabeth Goldsmith, Robert Martinez, Donghyun Lee

Joint Force Quarterly

This article explores the Department of Defense’s military recruiting challenges and argues that outdated communication strategies are limiting its ability to connect with Generation Z. The authors contend that young people’s perceptions of military service are shaped by concerns about physical and psychological risk, separation from family and friends, career opportunities, and the military lifestyle, as well as by misinformation and selective information-sharing on digital platforms. At the same time, DOD has struggled to adapt its recruiting efforts to the new media environment and to communicate the benefits of service in ways that are relevant and credible to younger audiences. …

Considering The Utility Of Modern Blockade In A Protracted Conflict With China, Thomas A. Krasnicki

Joint Force Quarterly

This article evaluates the potential use of maritime blockade as part of a U.S. strategy for ending a protracted conflict with China. Drawing on historical examples from the American Civil War, World War I, and World War II, the author argues that blockade remains relevant because China depends heavily on seaborne energy imports and maritime trade. The article proposes a modernized approach that combines close and distant blockade operations to pressure China’s economy while reducing risk to U.S. and allied forces. Close blockade elements would focus on neutralizing Chinese shipping near contested waters, while distant blockade forces would help identify …

Winners Of The 2024 Essay Competitions, National Defense University Press

Joint Force Quarterly

This article announces the winners of the 2024 National Defense University Press essay competitions and highlights the role of joint professional military education in advancing national security research and strategic thought. Twenty-eight faculty judges from 17 professional military education institutions evaluated 97 submissions across three categories: the Secretary of Defense National Security Essay Competition, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Strategic Research Paper Competition, and the Chairman’s Strategy Article Competition. Winning papers addressed contested logistics in a potential conflict with China, changes in the character of war, defense industrial base resilience, blockade strategy, Arctic and European security, nuclear-powered …

Cbrn Defense Readiness Reporting, Jeffrey A. French-Lujan, Taylor Harrington, Ron Fizer, Domah Diggs

Joint Force Quarterly

This article argues that the Department of Defense lacks a sufficiently standardized system for assessing and reporting chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense readiness across the joint force. Although the Defense Readiness Reporting System provides common measures for personnel, equipment, materiel condition, and training, current CBRN reporting requirements rely too heavily on subjective assessments and can overstate a unit’s actual ability to operate in a contaminated environment. Using the Marine Corps as a case study, the authors show how standardized training and equipment metrics can provide commanders with a more accurate picture of CBRN preparedness and operational risk. They contend …

The Implications Of The New Security Environment On The National Health Systems Enterprise, Martin Charles Bricknell, Derek Licina

Joint Force Quarterly

This article argues that the changing global security environment requires the United States to treat the military health system and the broader national health systems enterprise as strategic national capabilities rather than primarily as peacetime healthcare services. Drawing on lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and growing risks of large-scale conflict, the authors contend that future crises could produce military and civilian casualty levels that exceed the capacity of existing military medical systems. They emphasize the need for military health services to operate as part of an integrated civil-military health system capable of supporting deployed forces, receiving …

The Key To Arctic Dominance: Establishing An Arctic-Focused Subordinate Unified Command, Joseph R. Blume, Nathan L. Golike, Geoffrey R. Latimer, Michael Stanski

Joint Force Quarterly

This article argues that the United States should establish an Arctic-focused subordinate unified command under U.S. Northern Command to improve unity of command, resource management, and coordination in a region of growing strategic importance. The authors contend that current responsibility for Arctic operations, divided among U.S. Northern Command, U.S. European Command, and U.S. Indo-Pacific Command, complicates command and control and weakens unity of effort. They trace how reduced sea ice, expanding shipping and resource access, Russia’s military modernization, and China’s growing Arctic activity are increasing competition and security demands in the region. After comparing subordinate unified commands, joint task forces, …

Executive Summary, William T. Eliason

Joint Force Quarterly

This executive summary introduces Joint Force Quarterly 115 against a backdrop of ongoing global conflict, strategic competition, and an approaching U.S. presidential election. William T. Eliason emphasizes the importance of aligning national interests, strategy, policy, and the instruments of national power while recognizing the difficulty of deterring war, ending conflict, and adapting to changing security conditions. The issue features articles on Arctic security, military health systems, chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear readiness, contested logistics in the Pacific, blockade strategy in a potential conflict with China, and military recruiting. It also highlights joint professional military education, including the annual Secretary of …

Joint Force Quarterly, Issue 115, 4th Quarter 2024, National Defense University Press

Joint Force Quarterly

This JFQ issue highlights a range of military and security issues, including Arctic defense, health system impacts, and military readiness, while celebrating the achievements of joint professional military education and student essays on national security topics.

Failure To Implement Decentralization In Haiti As A Constitution Mandate, Alann Fils-Aime

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

As of 2023, after 36 years, Haiti has yet to implement decentralization successfully per its 1987 Constitution mandate. The situation that prompted this research literature is to fill the literature gap to investigate the elites' responsibilities and their neglectfulness to implement decentralization as mandated by the Constitution. The generic qualitative methodology was the selected design to better understand the reasons for Haiti, as of 2023, and after 36 years, to remain unable to implement decentralization per its 1987 Constitution mandate successfully. Policy feedback theory served as the theoretical foundation for this study. Data were collected from semistructured Zoom or telephone …