Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons^™

Social Dominance Orientation And Reactions To Affirmative Action Policies And Beneficiaries: A Test Of The Mediating Effects Of Perceptions Of Race-Based Inequities And Attitudes Toward Diversity, Ashanti Edwards

All Dissertations

In the present study, social dominance theory (SDT) was used as a framework for understanding reactions to affirmative action policies and beneficiaries. Specifically, this study examined how social dominance orientation, perceptions of inequities, and attitudes toward diversity impact these reactions. The results of the study provide support for several of the predictions derivable from SDT. Social dominance orientation (SDO) had a direct influence on participants' endorsement of two legitimizing myths: perceptions of race-based inequities and attitudes toward diversity. Moreover, endorsement of these legitimizing myths was directly related to support for affirmative action and reactions to beneficiaries of affirmative action.

Resume Screening: A Policy Capturing Study Of Recruiter Judgments, Melinda Keith

All Theses

Previous research on the practice of rŽsumŽ screening has failed to yield consistent results that generalize to real life recruiting settings. The present study draws from previous research on rŽsumŽ evaluation and identifies the 5 most common variables on rŽsumŽs--Academic Achievement, Extracurricular Activity, Goal Statements, RŽsumŽ Presentation, and Work Experience. The structure comprising each of these 5 important elements was assessed. In this study, real rŽsumŽs submitted for actual entry-level positions posted through a college career center were used to determine which variables recruiters use in judgments of applicant suitability. Policy capturing was used to identify the judgment policies of …

Smile, But Don't Wear Yourself Out Doing So: Emotional Labor, Ego Depletion, Customer Anger, And Performance Over Time, Eric Mckibben

All Theses

The present study examined the motivational and performance consequences of emotional labor by having participants respond to multiple transactions in a simulated banking environment. Type of acting strategy (surface versus deep) and customer anger (high versus low) were manipulated to examine ego depletion and performance over time. Although prior research has examined these independent variables, no research has examined the relationships among the variables of interest over time. Study participants were randomly assigned to either one of four experimental groups (surface acting X angry customer, surface acting X non-angry customer, deep acting X angry customer, deep acting X non-angry customer) …

Antecedents Of Entrepreneurial Orientation: A Contingency Approach, Laurent Stephane Josien

Doctoral Dissertations

This research was created in order to offer a better understanding of the entrepreneurial orientation construct. Based on the literature review several antecedents of the entrepreneurial orientation construct were identified: risk, achievement, innovation, locus of control, self-esteem, opportunity, autonomy, proactiveness, and competitive aggressiveness. Relying on the contingency theory developed by Burns and Stalker (1961), it was decided to use the Carland's trichotomy of entrepreneurs as a moderator variable between the antecedents and the entrepreneurial orientation construct. As a result, three main areas of research were identified. The first area deals with determining which dimensions are underpinning the entrepreneurial orientation construct, …

Proactive Behavior: A Selection Perspective, Laura Elizabeth Marler

Doctoral Dissertations

In the 15 years since Bateman and Crant (1993) formulated the construct of proactive personality, numerous researchers have devoted a significant amount of attention to proactive attributes and behaviors (e.g., Parker, Williams, & Turner, 2006; Crant, 2000; Frese & Fay, 2001; Parker, 2000; Erdogan & Bauer, 2005). Campbell's (1990) model of performance suggests that an organization's selection system may ultimately promote proactive behavior. Consequently, in this dissertation, I advocate a selection approach as the initial building block towards creating a workplace in which proactive behavior is a fundamental outcome.

One of the selection tools yet to be explored by researchers …

Effect Of Household Structure On Family-Friendly Benefit Utilization: Implications For Organizational Attraction And Workplace Withdrawal Behaviors Of Federal Government Employees, Sharyn J. Aufenanger

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study examined the effect of household structure on utilization of family-friendly benefits in organizations, as well as the impact that family-friendly benefit utilization has on organizational attraction and workplace withdrawal behaviors among Federal government employees with children. Results showed that alternative work arrangements (e.g., compressed and flexible schedules) were popular among all employees who have children. Family-friendly benefit utilization rates were highest among single parent employees and lowest among traditional family employees. Single parent employees were more likely to use flexible schedules, part-time, compressed schedules, telework, and sick and annual leave. Dual income employees were more likely to use …

Examination Of A Nomological Network Of Team Leadership: A Construct Validation Study, Kari R. Strobel

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study examined the construct-related validity evidence for team leadership measurement within the United States Navy. Drawing on literature from industrial/organizational, sport, and military psychology, the current research specified one nomological network for officer team leadership appraisal. The proposed model tested the idea that Naval team leaders engaging in transformational behaviors would be more likely to use and encourage the use of teamwork processes, increase cohesion among team members, and maintain superior mission readiness. The hypotheses were tested with performance appraisal data from 900 Commanders, Lieutenant Commanders, and Lieutenants from aviation, surface, and subsurface warfare communities. The relationships between the …

A Closer Look At The Frame-Of-Reference Effect In Personality Scale Scores And Validity, Filip Lievens, Wifiried De Corte, Eveline Schollaert

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This article contributes to the understanding of why the use of a frame-of-reference leads to increased criterion-related validity of personality inventories. Two competing explanations are described and tested. A between-subjects (N = 337) and a within-subject (N = 105) study are conducted to test the hypothesized effects of use of a frame of reference on reliability and validity. Regarding the effects on reliability, use of a frame of reference reduces within-person inconsistency (instead of between-person variability) in responding to generic items. Use of a frame of reference further leads to higher validity as a result of the reduction of between-person …

What Does Exercise-Based Assessment Really Mean?, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

My commentary addresses Lance’s (2008) recommendation to reorient assessment center (AC) practice away from dimensions toward exercise-based assessment. As exercise-based assessment is dealt with only in general terms in Lance’s article, I aim to delineate what exercise-based assessment really means. Two points are made. First, I arguethattakingdimensionsawayfromACs does not mean that assessee behavior is no longer determined by latent traits because behavior is inherently trait determined. Second, I elaborate on the practical and research implications of exercise-based assessment because these implications are underdeveloped in Lance.

The Relative Importance Of Task, Citizenship And Counterproductive Performance To Job Performance Ratings: Do Rater Source And Team-Based Culture Matter?, Filip Lievens, James M. Conway, Wilfried De Corte

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study contributes to our understanding of which factors predict raters' policies for combining performance components into an overall job performance rating. We used a work-roles framework to examine the effects of rater source and team-based culture. The sample consisted of 612 individuals in three job categories (3 17 nurses, 168 personnel recruiters and 127 sales representatives). Respondents rated employee performance profiles that were described on task, citizenship and counterproductive performance. Raters' weights differed by (a) organizational culture (low- vs. high-team-based); (b) rating source (supervisor vs. peer) and (c) job. In a team-based culture, more weight was given to citizenship …

The Relationship Between Job Attitudes And Counterproductive Work Behaviors: The Moderating Role Of Attitude Strength, Gregory David Hammond

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This study investigated the relationship between job attitudes (i.e., job satisfaction and organizational commitment) and counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). The moderating influence of attitude strength on the relationship between job attitudes and CWBs was also examined. Specifically, it was anticipated that stronger attitudes would be more strongly related to CWBs than would weaker attitudes. Finally, it was hypothesized that job attitudes would correlate more strongly with behaviors when the relationships between those variables were correctly specified. Results from a sample of employed undergraduates (N=296) indicated that more CWBs were significantly related to less supervisor satisfaction (r=-.11), less coworker satisfaction (r=-.21), …

Situationist Torts, John D. Hanson, Michael Mccann

Law Faculty Scholarship

This Article calls for a situationist approach to teaching law, particularly tort law. This new approach would begin by rejecting the dominant, common-sense account of human behavior (sometimes called dispositionism) and replacing it with the more accurate account being revealed by the social sciences, such as social psychology, social cognition, cognitive neuroscience, and other mind sciences. At its core, situationism is occupied with identifying and bridging the gap between what actually moves us, on one hand, and what we imagine moves us, on the other. Recognizing that gap is critical for understanding what roles tort law (among other areas of …

The Influence Of Cultural Perspectives And Conflict Resolution On Employee Perceptions Of Leadership Effectiveness, Cynthia Lorraine Owens

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study was to examine how cultural values and conflict resolution influence the perceptions employees form about their managers. The sample for this study included 118 participants representing various organizations from the United States.

Exploring The Components Of Privacy To Predict Satisfaction And Justice In The Workplace, Matthew Patrick Cloney

Theses Digitization Project

This study investigated the existence of a new type of privacy, called e-mail privacy, in order to determine if modern technology has created a new dimension of this construct. It also examined the relationship between factors of privacy- physical, informational, and electronic mail related. Finally, this study examined the relationship between the different aspects of workplace privacy and employee outcomes. It was hypothesized that the construct of privacy would predict procedural justice and job satisfaction, and that the relationship between privacy and job satisfaction is mediated by procedural justice. A model was developed for this study to be tested with …

The Effects Of Age, Computer Self-Efficacy, Comptuer Anxiety, And Computer Experience On Training Method Preference In Employees, Jennifer Lee Cremer

Theses Digitization Project

Employeees and organizations can both benefit from work-related training opportunities. This study focused on variables that have been found to influence training motivation in regards to computer related training, specifically computer self-efficacy, computer anxiety, computer experience and age.

Why Doesn't Social Support Always Work?: Evaluating The Effects Of Support Source, Support Type, And Individual Differences On Workplace Strain, Alyx E'Lan Kahler

Theses Digitization Project

The experience of stress in the workplace is becoming an increasing concern for employees and organizations alike, as research indicates that consistent exposure to stress is associated with negative physical and psychological reactions such as insomnia, depression and high blood pressure. This study seeks to evaluate the effects of social support on the stress-strain relationship and factors that may impact the effectiveness of social support in reducing the workplace strain.

Moderators Of The Relationship Between The Quality Of Leader-Member Exchange Relationship (Lm) And Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (Ocb), Jennifer Anne Lee

Theses Digitization Project

There have been many theories that have examined how leaders can be effective within an organization. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not personality would strengthen or weaken the relationship between the quality of one's relationship with their leader (LMX) and performance outcomes (OCB). Personality did not act as a moderator. In order to test this, 127 participants of both men and women from various organizational and educational backgrounds were surveyed.

Effects Of Organizational Communication On Employee Perceptions During Organizational Change, James Kelly Doran

Theses Digitization Project

This research study examines the effects of organizational communication, a sub-dimensional construct on employee outcomes. It was proposed that organizational communication as indicated by timelines, reliability, and comprehensiveness of communication would predict the employee outcomes of intention to leave, job insecurity, and organizational cynicism in a negative direction. Participants, representing employees from several customer service organizations in Southern California experiencing orgaizational change, completed a questionaire consisting of multiple measurements in the areas of interest.

Predictors Of Sexual Harassment Experiences And Their Cross-Cultural Differences: A Workplace Study Among Women From The United States, Puerto Rico, And Japan, Gustavo Segura

Theses Digitization Project

This study evaluates the influences of individualism, feminism, and extroversion on sexual harassment experiences, as well as the differences of these variables across cultures. Data was collected from 495 female employees located in the United States, Puerto Rico, and Japan.

Networking In The 21st Century: The Influence Of Self-Esteem On Networking Behaviors, Cassaundra Renee Leier

Theses Digitization Project

Networking has been demonstrated as an effective strategy for attaining career success. The present study examined the relationship between self-esteem and media preference for engaging in social networking. The purpose of this study was to examine self-esteem as a predictor of media preferences for engaging in social networking in a work-based content. While networking relationships have the potential to benefit one's social and personal life, the focus of the present study is on developing relationships to build social capital and advance one's career. The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of self-esteem for engaging in social networking activities.

You Scratch My Back And I'Ll Scratch Yours: Mentor-Perceived Costs And Benefits And The Functions They Provide Their Proteges, Julia Fullick

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mentoring relationships can have both costs and benefits for mentors and their proteges. The present research examined the degree to which mentors' perceived costs and benefits affect the functional and dysfunctional mentoring they provide to their proteges. Additionally, I investigated whether mentor-perceived costs and benefits were associated with the mentors' own goal orientation and the goal orientation of their proteges. Data were collected from 86 proteges and their current supervisory mentors. Consistent with expectations, when mentors reported greater costs of embarrassment associated with their relationship, the proteges reported receiving greater dysfunctional mentoring. Proteges who reported receiving greater functional mentoring tended …

Adaptive Performance: An Examination Of Convergent And Predictive Validity, Charlene K. Stokes

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The purpose of the present study was twofold: 1) to examine the convergent validity of the two foremost measurement methods, subjective and objective, used to assess adaptive performance; and 2) to examine the predictive validity of variables across measurement methods using a path model framework. Specifically, various dispositional traits are posited to influence adaptive performance through the mediating mechanisms of stress appraisals and self-efficacy. Beyond examining the potential causal paths associated with predictors, the study included a commensurate focus on adaptability as an outcome and addressed the measurement issues that surround adaptive performance. Participants (N = 275) in teams of …

Police Stress, Dennis J. Stevens

Political Science & Global Affairs Faculty Publications

This entry defines police officer stress and describes its consequences, origins, and the individual and organizational methods to control it. Controlling stress can enhance the delivery of police services and guide officers toward healthy lifestyles. One definition of stress is the wear and tear our bodies and minds experience as we react to physiological, psychological, and environmental changes throughout our lives. It is a nonspecific response of the body to a demand for change. Its centerpiece is the relationship between an external event and an internal response: For every action, there’s a reaction.

Characteristics For Success: Predicting Intervention Effectiveness With The Job Characteristics Model, Sallie Weaver

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The current study examines the effects of the five core job characteristics (skill variety, task significance, task identity, autonomy, and feedback) proposed by Hackman-Oldham (1974) at the team level by investigating whether the model variables are related to the effectiveness of a motivationally-based team-level productivity enhancement intervention. Previous literature has almost exclusively focused on the effects of these job characteristics at the individual level and their direct relationships with employee attitudes and subjective measures of performance. This thesis aims to further the job characteristics literature by exploring the effects of the characteristics at the team level, as well as the …

Benchmarking The Board-Executive Director Relationship Of The Fayette Foundation, Jodie Butler Markey

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

The Fayette Foundation is a young, nonprofit organization in Lexington. Although it has only been incorporated for four years, it has already raised over one million dollars to fulfill the organization’s mission. The executive director has been with the organization for two years and believes that a strong relationship with the board is important for the success of the organization. As a result, the executive director would like to find out how to maximize the effectiveness of the board-executive director relationship.

The research question asks what makes an effective board-executive director relationship, as well as which elements of the organization …

Measuring Configural Spatial Knowledge With Alternative Pointing Judgments, Lisa J. Douglas

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Configural spatial knowledge has been tested by having people point from one object to another or by having them sketch maps from memory. Several different pointing judgments have been used, but these judgments appear to differ both in superficial characteristics and in their implied theoretical mental model of spatial representation. This experiment compares two different pointing judgments: judgments of relative direction, based on a quasi-Euclidean model of spatial representation; and object-based judgments, based on an object reference model of spatial representation. Results supported the object reference model. Object-based judgments were more accurate, were made with more confidence and had shorter …

Personal Characteristics And The Impact Of Transformational Leadership Behaviors On Follower Outcomes, Charles N. Thompson

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Transformational leadership has emerged as the dominant model for understanding how leaders impact affective and behavioral responses of their followers. The current study investigated the extent to which follower core self-evaluation (Judge et al., 1997) and affect-based trust in leadership impact the relationship between transformational leadership behaviors and work outcomes, such as follower job satisfaction, satisfaction with the leader, perceptions of job core characteristics, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Follower core self-evaluation was found to moderate the relationship between transformational leadership behaviors and follower job satisfaction and satisfaction with the leader. Affect-based trust in the leader was found to fully mediate …

In-Car Navigation Systems: The Effects Of Landmark Specificity And Map Rotation On Spatial Knowledge And Route Acquisition, Tiffany N. Saffell

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Current in-car navigation systems do not refer to environmental landmarks when providing directions to drivers. Instead, they provide guidance by presenting drivers with distance-to-turn information. Default displays use track-up map orientations. These display conditions do not facilitate the acquisition of spatial knowledge. As a consequence, drivers using these systems are unlikely to acquire spatial knowledge needed to judge the reasonableness of the directions they are receiving, leaving them susceptible to accepting directions that are grossly incorrect and dangerous (Forbes and Burnett, 2007). Landmarks have been shown to be critical sources of information when people acquire both route and configural spatial …

How Openness To Experience And Prejudicial Attitudes Shape Diversity Training Outcomes, Suzanne L. Dean

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This study investigated the effectiveness of diversity training on a diversity training outcome measure when considering participant levels of Openness to Experience, sexism, and racism. Because past literature has demonstrated a positive relationship between Openness to Experience and training outcomes and a negative relationship between prejudicial attitudes and diversity training outcomes, these variables were treated as main effects in Multiple Regression equations. This study demonstrated that diversity awareness training increases participant understanding of legal issues related to workplace diversity. However, diversity training outcomes were not greatly affected by implicit or explicit prejudicial attitudes or Openness to Experience.

The Moderating Influence Of Stress Appraisals And Affect On Performance Under Fatigue, Regina M. Schmidt

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This study demonstrated that in a group of seventeen active duty soldiers, performance on an attack combat simulation significantly degraded after approximately 30 h of sleep deprivation. In addition, individual differences were identified, as approximately half of the participants maintained performance throughout the sleep deprivation period, while other participants degraded in performance. The main objective of this study was to test the efficacy of micro-level cognitive performance and subject state factors to account for this dichotomy in performance that was particular to the last testing session. Results showed that performance on a decision making test with rapid reaction time constraints …