Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons^™

Ageism In Hiring: The Influence Of Implicit Cues On Perceptions Of Candidate Warmth, Competence, Suitability, And Trainability, Morgan A. Greene, Courtney L. Baker

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Hiring discrimination in the U.S. is an illegal practice for people who are 40 and older (Age Discrimination in Employment Act, 1967). Previous research has shown that not only is discrimination still prevalent (Harris, 2022; Abrams et al., 2016), but as much as 48% of people have experienced some type of ageism (Wilson et al., 2019). Furthermore, 90% of all discriminatory decisions are made before the hiring process even begins, typically during the resume screening process (Harris, 2022). Older age in applicants may signal to recruiters that the candidate has lower technology skills and trainability (VanBorm et al., 2021).The current …

Unlocking Employee Well-Being: The Mediating Effect Of Diversity Climate In An Inclusive Workplace, Ciara Covington, Shahnaz Aziz

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Diversity climate pertains to an employee’s perceptions of how well their organization demonstrates support and promotion to diverse employees (Leveson & Joiner, 2009; Tellur, 2023). The conceptualization of diversity climate is rooted in social identity theory (Stets & Burke, 2000) and organizational justice theory (Yean & Yusof, 2015). Social identity theory suggests that identification and membership within the organization impacts an employee’s perception of inclusivity (Mor Barak et al., 2022; Shore & Chung, 2021; Cole et al., 2016). Organizational justice theory highlights the influence of perceived fairness when organizations create and manage inclusive work policies (Griffith et al., 2005). There …

Investigating Job Attitudes Of Justice-Involved Individuals, Audrey Pennington, Sawyer Robinson

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

The US has one of the highest incarceration rates in the world resulting in one in three Americans having a criminal record (ACLU, 2017). Upon release from prison, securing employment is one of the most important factors to decrease recidivism (Berg & Huebner, 2011; Lundquist et al., 2018). Despite this, 75% of those who were incarcerated are unemployed a year after release. This is due, in part, to stigma and the wide use of background checks during the hiring process (ACLU, 2017). The research literature primarily focuses on effective ways to improve job-readiness for those who are incarcerated, barriers to …

What Makes An Effective Chief Of Pediatric Cardiology: Insights From Chiefs Of North American Pediatric Programs, Michael E. Kim, Wayne Franklin, Anne M. Dubin, Jeffrey J. Kim, Shubhayan Sanatani, R. Krishna Kumar, Shubhika Srivastava, Thomas R. Kimball, Mark Lewin, Joseph Rossano, Colin J. Mcmahon

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Although the position of a pediatric cardiology chief is often seen as the apex of one's academic career, its roles, responsibilities, and qualifications are not well defined in the literature. This study was done to gain further insight of the role and attributes of a pediatric cardiology chief by surveying those who are currently serving the position across North American centers.

METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a mixed-methods study with a survey given to North American pediatric cardiology chiefs at programs with fellowship training programs. The survey was a semistructured questionnaire that was independently reviewed by 3 cardiologists. Smaller …

Forgiveness In The Workplace: Exploring Prosocial Effects On Psychological Safety, Trust, And Interpersonal Citizenship Behaviors, William Thai

Industrial-Organizational Psychology Dissertations

This dissertation investigates the intricate relationships between racial microaggressions, unforgiveness, decisional forgiveness, and workplace outcomes (i.e., psychological safety, trust, and interpersonal citizenship behaviors). Despite organizations' efforts to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), racial microaggressions persist, leading to feelings of injustice and unforgiveness among affected employees. This research posits that forgiveness, particularly through a modified REACH intervention (Worthington, 2001), serves as a vital coping strategy for managing the emotional distress associated with microaggressions, facilitating personal and relational healing.

Using a sample of 238 participants who identified as racial or ethnic minorities, I employed a moderated mediation analysis to assess the …

Youth's Career Adaptability In Untung Jawa Island, Lydia Freyani Hawadi, Gary Collins Brata Winardy, Hasna Hafizhah Salma

Psychological Research on Urban Society

The development of coastal regions is a pivotal aspect of Indonesia's ‘poros maritim dunia’ national agenda. This study focuses on Untung Jawa Island, a designated 'tourism village' off the coast of Jakarta, to investigate how the aspirations and perspectives of its young population align with this developmental drive. This study focuses on the viewpoints of the active Karang Taruna group members on the island, as they represent the youth engaged in community development. Utilizing a qualitative exploratory phenomenology design, this study employs Focused Group Discussions (FGD) to gain insights into how the youth perceive their potential career based on their …

Workplace Psychological Well-Being: An Extension And Validation, Lauren E. Piroutek

Industrial-Organizational Psychology Dissertations

Psychological well-being (PWB), positive human functioning, and flourishing, have primarily been studied in the context of the full life span with limited research within the context of the workplace. The well-being research conducted in the workplace is often limited to constructs such as work engagement, job satisfaction and subjective well-being. Furthermore, the research on PWB that has recently been performed tends to overlook existence needs (e.g., adequate pay and benefits, safety) which play a critical role in the tangible and psychological needs of the modern-day worker. This paper adds to the growing workplace psychological need fulfillment literature by extending and …

The Pulse Of Connection: Trust And Confidentiality In Internal Coaching Dynamics, Mehdi Ebrahimi

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

Internal coaching is growing in popularity across various industries and sectors, either as a standalone resource or in conjunction with external coaching and other relevant programs and initiatives. Despite the growing popularity and reported benefits, there is a substantial dearth of research on the dynamics of “internal coaching” relationships, making it one of the least explored areas in organizational coaching literature. This paper contributes to addressing the research gap by presenting the outcomes of a study that explores the coach–client relationship and captures perspectives from internal coaches, external coaches, managers, and, notably, coachees, also known as coaching clients. Employing a …

Will Assignments Be Perceived As A Waste Of Time? The Impact Of Ai On Perceptions Of Illegitimate Tasks, Michelle Fleig-Palmer, Bruce Johnson, Axton Betz-Hamilton, Monty Bohrer, Ekaterina Koromyslova, Craig Silvernagel, Biying Yang

Mountain Plains Business Conference

Wasted time and effort has been, and continues to be, a long-standing concern not just for managers but also for workers as well. Over one hundred years ago, Frank Gilbreth (1911/1953) argued that, “There is no waste of any kind in the world that equals the waste from needless, illdirected, and ineffective motions” (p. 149). Despite advances in technology over the past century, workers’ perceptions of wasteful effort, i.e., illegitimate tasks, have continued to persist (Ding & Kuvaas, 2023; Semmer et al., 2010). Today, with the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) into different arenas, both academic and work-related, how …

The Changing Nature Of Work And Its Effects On Employee Well-Being, Lauren O'Connell

Student Publications

The nature of work is constantly evolving, shaped by societal shifts and the absence of a universal standard for organizations. Remote work, initially a temporary solution during the COVID-19 pandemic, has emerged as a lasting norm, with flexible work-from-home (WFH) arrangements becoming a defining feature of the modern workplace. Despite the growing prevalence of WFH, limited research remains on its effects on employee well-being. This paper examines the benefits of WFH, like flexibility and autonomy, alongside challenges, such as longer hours, reduced supervisor support, and weakened employee connections. These trade-offs impact roles that depend on a positive and cohesive team …

Does Relationship Conflict Reduce Novel Idea Communication Through Perceived Leader Openness? Power Distance Orientation As A Moderator, Ming-Hong Tsai

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate why followers have low perceptions of leader openness and thus feel reluctant to communicate novel ideas by examining leader–follower relationship conflict (i.e. interpersonal incompatibility) and a follower’s power distance orientation (i.e. an acceptance of uneven power distribution in organizations) as antecedents. Design/methodology/approach: The research administrators conducted a three-wave work behavior survey in Study 1, a laboratory experiment in Study 2, and an online experiment in Study 3. Findings: The results demonstrated that leader–follower relationship conflict reduced followers’ perceptions of leader openness. However, the negative impact of relationship conflict became non-significant when followers have high …

Does Job Satisfaction Take A Hit? The Relationships Between Employee Cannabis Use, Job Satisfaction, And Absenteeism, Caroline Jordan Moughan

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Despite the frequency of cannabis use, limited research has examined how employees’ cannabis use relates to job attitudes and behaviors. This study responds to calls to examine the effects of employee cannabis use on work-relevant outcomes by exploring how employee cannabis use relates to job satisfaction and voluntary absenteeism by analyzing a sample of 526 employed young adults from the most recent three waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) Child and Young Adult Cohort. Through estimating cross-lagged panel models, this study clarifies the direction of relationships between employee cannabis use and job satisfaction, and how these relate …

Lgbtq+ Employees’ Disclosure And Selective Incivility Experiences: Implications For Their Health And Well-Being, Wiston A. Rodriguez

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Workplace incivility refers to low-intensity rude behaviors at work that have an ambiguous intent to harm and also violate workplace norms of mutual respect. Given the negative consequences associated with workplace incivility, researchers have been trying to understand potential antecedents to experienced workplace incivility such as target characteristics or group affiliation. Prior research suggests that uncivil behaviors may not be enacted at random and may manifest in the form of selective incivility (i.e., subtle discrimination). Specifically, selective incivility is a form of targeted mistreatment that is used to oppress and exclude minorities in the workplace and is a unique experience …

Does Voice Endorsement By Supervisors Enhance Or Constrain Voicer's Personal Initiative? Countervailing Effects Via Feeling Pride And Feeling Envied, Mingyun Huai, Xueqi Wen, Zihan Liu, Xingyu Wang, Wen-Dong Li, Mo Wang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

While the previous research has examined antecedents of supervisors’ voice endorsement, it has generally overlooked its effects on voicers’ affective and behavioral reactions, probably because of the underlying assumption that supervisors’ voice endorsement is inherently beneficial and likely to encourage more proactive behaviors in the future. In this research, we offer a theoretical model of the double-edged effects of supervisors’ voice endorsement on voicers’ subsequent personal initiative. Drawing on cognitive appraisal theory and related research, we proposed that supervisors’ voice endorsement prompts two different cognitive appraisal processes in voicers that evoke two distinct emotional experiences—feeling pride and feeling envied—with countervailing …

Cultural Tightness In Organizations: Investigating The Impact Of Formal And Informal Cultural Tightness On Employee Creativity, Roy Y. J. Chua, Na Zhao, Meng Han

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper delineates cultural tightness into formal versus informal aspects to depict the strength of norms and the extent of sanctions emanating from both formal and informal norms. Organizations with high formal cultural tightness regulate behaviors through explicit written norms and official sanctions, whereas those with high informal cultural tightness regulate behaviors through uncodified norms, collective beliefs, and informal social sanctions. Through a field study across 14 diverse companies in two countries (Malaysia and the Philippines) and two experiments involving participants from the United States, we found that perceived informal cultural tightness consistently exerts a more significant impact on stifling …

What's Age Got To Do With It? A Re-Examination Of The Factor Structure Of The Revised Fraboni Scale Of Ageism, Reagan Elizabeth Girardot

Doctoral Dissertations

Individuals in the workforce increasingly achieve higher education, live longer, and remain in the workforce longer than previous generations. At the same time, ageist stereotypes and age discrimination persist, costing companies millions of dollars, generating negative PR, and contributing to harmful physical and mental effects on individuals. There have been calls for more research on ageism and its measurement tools to continuously evaluate the psychometric quality and construct validity of ageism scales. Therefore, the primary purpose of the current research was to replicate previous work related to the construct validity and factorial composition of the Fraboni Scale of Ageism, a …

Optimizing Remote Work Engagement And Performance, Jessica Chackoria

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

Remote work prevalence continues to remain higher than pre-pandemic levels and hybrid structures are increasingly becoming the norm. Therefore, it is important for researchers and organizations to understand how to optimize important employee outcomes, such as engagement and performance, in a remote work context. In this study, I addressed this need by investigating whether factors that have been found to enhance engagement and performance in traditional contexts—specifically, job design characteristics (task identity, task significance, autonomy, skill variety, and feedback) and microbreaks or small breaks during the workday—were positively linked with better remote work engagement and performance (task and contextual). The …

Don't Let It Get To You: The Role Of Internalization Racism In The Organization, Carolyn T. Pham

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

Internalized racism is seldom studied in a workplace context. Extant literature demonstrates its deleterious effects on individuals, but little is known about the mechanisms that affect it in adulthood or how it operates in an organizational context. Using a multi-wave survey design, this study examined the racial composition of one’s coworkers and organizational inclusion climate as potential antecedents of internalized racism and psychological well-being and identity management behaviors as outcomes. Results suggest that organizational inclusion climate significantly affects racial/ethnic minority employees’ levels of internalized racism and subsequent well-being. Additionally, internalized racism predicted engagement in identity concealment behaviors. This suggests the …

Grieving Workers, Leadership Support, And Organizational Commitment, Zachary N. Ngo

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

Grief is a universal experience, yet the industrial-organizational psychology literature is sparse with research on bereavement at work. When individuals do undergo the loss of a loved one, research has shown that support is instrumental in recovery outside of workplace contexts. The present study examined the relationship between an individual’s level of grief and their commitment to their organization while also investigating how the level of supervisor support moderates the aforementioned relationship. I hypothesized that there would be a significant, negative relationship between level of grief and organizational commitment. Further, I also hypothesized that perceived supervisor support would moderate the …

Leadership Coaching In The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Ray Forbes

All Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Today’s world of extraordinary change follows a long history of technology-driven industrial revolutions. Author Alvin Toffler eloquently identified, categorized, and named the first three of them: Agricultural, Industrial, and Informational. Likening these revolutions to major waves of change, Toffler also described their impact on the social, political, economic and environmental ethos of the times in which they occurred. Recently, a number of knowledgeable commentators have suggested that we are now on the cusp of a fourth industrial wave. This large-scale transformational groundswell is being propelled by a dramatic acceleration in the rate of change itself. It is characterized by major …

Understanding Mental Health Provider's Experiences Of Burnout, Vicarious Trauma, And Vicarious Resilience From The Provider Perspective, Lauren Beheler-Romero

Doctoral Dissertations

The physical and psychological impacts on mental health providers as a result of burnout, vicarious trauma, and vicarious resilience have not been researched extensively. This study examined burnout and vicarious trauma among mental health providers in New Mexico given the high need population and low access to resources. This qualitative study, employed individual interviews, examined the lived experiences of seven mental health providers who are currently employed in the state of New Mexico in order to better understand the impact of burnout, vicarious trauma, and vicarious resilience. Inclusion criteria for participants included providing mental health services to children and families …

A Qualitative Study On Workplace Mental Wellbeing In The Singapore Context, Chad C E Yip, M. Anthony Machin, Yong Wah Goh

The Qualitative Report

Workplace wellbeing is essential for the employee as well as the organisation, but it may not adequately capture the way wellbeing is experienced in Singapore due to its diverse multi-ethnic society imbued with Eastern and Western values. The present study explores Singaporean employees’ understanding and perspectives in relation to how they experience wellbeing at the Singapore workplace. With a total of 31 participants consisting of full-time Singaporean employees from 17 industries, we used reflexive thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2013) to interpret the data and develop the themes. These 13 themes are: accomplishment, autonomy, co-worker relationship, employee recognition, fairness, learning …

Investigating The Leaky Pipeline: Gendered Effects Of Caregiving Policies On Academics, Molly Simmons

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Despite implementation of caregiving policies in universities, women remain underrepresented in high faculty ranks in academia, particularly in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) fields. This study investigates the gendered effects of caregiving policies at regional comprehensive universities by integrating the Work-Home Resources (W-HR) Model and feminist economics. Using survey data and interviews, the research examines how caregiving responsibilities relate to work-life conflict and academic responsibilities, revealing nuanced influences on career trajectories. Hypotheses tested include the negative relationship between caregiving demands and research, the moderating effect of institutional support, the association of work-family guilt with research, and variations across faculty …

Silence In Stem? The Impact Of Experienced Social Identity Threats On Women, Madison Brumbaugh

All Theses

Despite making up a similar proportion of the workforce, women are grossly underrepresented in STEM occupations compared to men (65% vs. 35%). Prior research suggests that women’s underrepresentation in STEM results in negative consequences, such as increased psychological burnout and decreased work engagement (Hall et al., 2015; Hall et al., 2018), through the mechanism of social identity threat. Academics have yet to explore how experiencing social identity threat impacts silence behaviors for underrepresented women in STEM. Building off social identity theory and prior research on social identity threat, the current study sought to compare women working in STEM occupations who …

How Far Does The Apple Fall? Intergenerational Processes Underlying The Attainment Of Decent Work And Implications For Occupational Health And Well-Being, Baylor A. Graham

All Dissertations

Despite decades of progress spurred by the Decent Work Agenda (International Labor Organization, 1999), efforts to improve working conditions, ensure fair wages, and establish health and well-being as fundamental standards in employment practices continue to be sorely needed. The burden of inadequate decent work has demonstrated profound effects on individual health and well-being. However, the effects of inadequate decent work are rarely investigated over long periods of time and are entirely unexplored in relation to effects on children as they age and enter the workforce themselves. Accordingly, this dissertation investigated the intergenerational effects of decent work, extending beyond the immediate …

Digitally Connected, Evolutionarily Wired: An Evolutionary Mismatch Perspective On Digital Work, Mark Van Vugt, Stephen M. Colarelli, Norman P. Li

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This paper makes the case for an evolutionary mismatch between digital work and the way human ancestors engaged in work. Psychological adaptations for producing things that early humans needed to survive and thrive, such as cognitive mechanisms for obtaining and processing food, toolmaking, and learning valuable working skills, evolved in the context of small networks of hunter–gatherers. These adaptations are central to understanding the significance of work in human evolution. Evolutionary mismatches operate when novel environments cue ancestral adaptations in ways that no longer provide adaptive benefits. We argue that digital work, although efficient and productive, is misaligned with some …

Firm-Level Ai Ethical Awareness: Measurement And Effects, Yan Ma, Nan Hu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

With rapid integration of AI technologies into business operation, ethical issues associated with AI development, implementation, and deployment, has become increasingly conspicuous. An effective measure of firm-level AI Ethical Awareness (FAIEA) is crucial for both academics and practitioners to assess FAIEA efficiently. In this study, based on qualitative information in earning conference call, we construct and validate a firm specific measure of FAIEA. Upon establishing a reliable measure, we explore the determinants and consequence of FAIEA. We find Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) engagement and the presence of a Chief Information Officer (CIO) as key determinants of higher FAIEA, suggesting the …

Experiences Of Work Meaningfulness Through The Lens Of Work-Family Identity, Rebecca Aliya Steiner

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

In today's growing workforce, there is a need for individuals to feel worthwhile and valuable for the work that they do in an organization, with the experience of meaningfulness at work seen as increasingly important among employees. The purpose of this study was to investigate work-family identity and its role in experiences of work meaningfulness. Specifically, we utilized a cross-sectional survey design to examine the moderating effects of boundary management and FSSB in determining the relationship between identity and experiences of work meaningfulness. We tested our hypotheses using data collected from 196 employees who were categorized as either “work-identified” or …

Examining The Impact Of Transformational Leadership On Employee Development And Performance: The Role Of Inspiration And Trust, Kayla Pham

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Transformational leaders are known to encourage, motivate, and engage followers in ways that enhance organizational outcomes. Researchers like Bernard Bass expanded on transformational leadership after James V. Downton introduced the idea. Bernard Bass was critical since he found ways to measure the success of transformational leadership (Givens, 2008). The four major principles of the transformational leadership theory are idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration (Bass, 1985). This study aims to determine whether transformational leaders increase employee development and performance through their ability to inspire and trust in their followers. Variables such as performance, employee development, inspiration, and …

Professional Development Experiences Aligned To The Ideal Self: A Positive Psychology Perspective On Individual Development, Udayan Dhar

Faculty Journal Articles

The purpose of this study is to use a positive psychology lens to broaden and refine our understanding of professional development experiences, and to construct a practical, but evidence-based framework for a developmental human resource management (HRM) system. Study 1 uses focus group interviews with 18 full-time professionals enrolled in a management education program to explore experiences that are likely to strengthen and clarify one's aspirational future professional identity, or the ideal self. In study 2, two separate professional samples (N = 204, 271) are used for measurement development and hypotheses testing. Overall, the two studies show that 15 …