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Articles 3211 - 3240 of 4145

Full-Text Articles in Industrial and Organizational Psychology

The Impact Of Entrepreneurial Personality Traits On Perception Of New Venture Opportunity, Jun Yan Jan 2010

The Impact Of Entrepreneurial Personality Traits On Perception Of New Venture Opportunity, Jun Yan

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

This empirical study examined links between entrepreneurial personality traits and perception of new venture opportunity in a sample of 207 respondents. Four entrepreneurial personality traits were included to predict respondents’ perception of new venture opportunity. They are (1) achievement motivation, (2) locus of control, (3) risk propensity, and (4) proactivity.The results of multiple regression analysis show that three of the four entrepreneurial personality traits—locus of control, risk propensity, and proactivity—related significantly to perception of new venture opportunity in expected directions. Among the three personality traits, proactivity was found to have the strongest influence over entrepreneurial perception. No significant relationship was …

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The Effects Of Stereotype Threat On Job Anxiety, Job Satisfaction, Work Specific Self-Efficacy, And Turnover Intent, Ciara Cascharelle Paige Jan 2010

The Effects Of Stereotype Threat On Job Anxiety, Job Satisfaction, Work Specific Self-Efficacy, And Turnover Intent, Ciara Cascharelle Paige

Theses Digitization Project

While an abundance of literature on stereotypes exists with regards to the workplace, less research exists that assesses how stereotypes could affect an employee and motivate him or her to leave the organization. The present study addressed the relationship among job identification, gender identification, stereotype threat perception at work, anxiety, work specific efficacy, job satisfaction, and turnover intent. A hypothesized model that connected the possible relations among stereotype threat, gender identification, job identification, job anxiety, work specific self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and turnover intent was tested using data from 267 working women.

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Engaging An Older Workforce: The Relationship Between Employee Engagement, Intrinsic Motivation, And Meaningfulness, Negin Kordbacheh Jan 2010

Engaging An Older Workforce: The Relationship Between Employee Engagement, Intrinsic Motivation, And Meaningfulness, Negin Kordbacheh

Theses Digitization Project

The aim of this study was to better understand employee engagement levels in light of the recent downsizing and restructuring practices. The relationship between intrinsic motivation, meaningfulness and employee engagement were examined.

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The Effectiveness And Ethics Of Immediate And Top Leaders: Relationships To Organizational Climate, Organizational Commitment, And Size Of Organization, Johnny Joseph Parker Jan 2010

The Effectiveness And Ethics Of Immediate And Top Leaders: Relationships To Organizational Climate, Organizational Commitment, And Size Of Organization, Johnny Joseph Parker

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationships that exist between effective leaders in an organization and ethical leaders, the climate of the organization, and the level of commitment to the organization.

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The Relationship Between Self-Monitoring, Self-Promotion, And Agentic Traits In Leadership, Sabrina Regina Wilhelm Jan 2010

The Relationship Between Self-Monitoring, Self-Promotion, And Agentic Traits In Leadership, Sabrina Regina Wilhelm

Theses Digitization Project

Three underlying behavioral traits of self-preservation, which may be related to leadership are self-monitoring, self-promotion, and agentic traits. These are important to leadership because managers desire to select employees that have the image and the presentation that high self-monitors and self-promoters emulate. This study revealed that self-promotion is associated with leader behaviors that are likely to assist female employees obtain leadership positions in the workplace.

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Emotional Intelligence And Cognitive Moral Development In Undergraduate Business Students, Elizabeth Pluskwik Jan 2010

Emotional Intelligence And Cognitive Moral Development In Undergraduate Business Students, Elizabeth Pluskwik

Integrated Engineering Department Publications

This study examines relationships between emotional intelligence (EI) and cognitive moral development (CMD) in undergraduate business students. The ability model of emotional intelligence was used in this study, which evaluated possible relationships between EI and CMD in a sample of 82 undergraduate business students. The sample population was approximately 700 students in a private university in the Midwest United States. A weak, positive relationship was found between overall emotional intelligence and moral development, but the strength of this relationship failed to reach statistical significance. However, one branch of EI, Understanding Emotions, did have a positive correlation with moral development at …

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Good Teams, Bad Teams: Under What Conditions Do Missionary Teams Function Effectively?, David R. Dunaetz Jan 2010

Good Teams, Bad Teams: Under What Conditions Do Missionary Teams Function Effectively?, David R. Dunaetz

Selected Faculty Publications

Missionary teams are popular, but not always effective. Five conditions contributing to healthy team functioning are examined in light of empirical evidence: trust, task conflict, commitment to decisions, accountability, and group goals.

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Organizational Justice: Perceptions Of Being Fairly Treated, David R. Dunaetz Jan 2010

Organizational Justice: Perceptions Of Being Fairly Treated, David R. Dunaetz

Selected Faculty Publications

When members of mission organizations perceive injustice within their organization, they work less effectively and attrition is more likely. This paper examines various types of organizational justice (distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational) which need to be monitored and maximized to help mission organizations accomplish their goals.

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Psychographic Segmentation Of The Self-Employed: An Exploratory Study, Matthew G. Kenney, Art Weinstein Jan 2010

Psychographic Segmentation Of The Self-Employed: An Exploratory Study, Matthew G. Kenney, Art Weinstein

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Although it is well established in the academic literature that entrepreneurs share common traits, there has been limited research dedicated to evaluating psychographic profiles of the self-employed. Using the Nominal Group Technique, the authors gleaned insight from a panel of experts in an effort to segment the self-employed based on personality traits and the benefits they receive from an entrepreneurial career. The findings show that self-employed individuals can be classified into four distinct segments: Exemplars, Generals, Moms and Dads, and Altruists. Each group derives different benefits from self-employment. Understanding these benefits can greatly assist entrepreneurship educators and marketers of small …

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Assessing Interventions For Reducing Gender-Based Occupational Stereotypes : A Multi-Method Study Comparing The Implicit Association Test To Indirect And Explicit Measures Of Stereotypes, And An Examination Of Sex Roles And Entity Versus Incremental Lay Theories Of Social Perception, Carolyn C. Matheus Jan 2010

Assessing Interventions For Reducing Gender-Based Occupational Stereotypes : A Multi-Method Study Comparing The Implicit Association Test To Indirect And Explicit Measures Of Stereotypes, And An Examination Of Sex Roles And Entity Versus Incremental Lay Theories Of Social Perception, Carolyn C. Matheus

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Certain occupations are often stereotyped as feminine (e.g., elementary school teacher) while others are stereotyped as masculine (e.g., engineer) (White, Kruczek, Brown, & White, 1989; White & White, 2006). This study proposed using multiple methods to assess stereotypical judgments about the masculinity and femininity of five occupations: engineer, law enforcement officer, accountant, fashion designer, and elementary school teacher. Implicit, indirect, and explicit assessments were used to measure gender based stereotypes of occupations to examine similarities or differences between the different methods. Implicit assessments involve measuring automatic evaluations to stimuli, while indirect assessments involve gender ratings of attributes associated with occupations. …

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Reflecting On Experience For Leadership Development, Adrian Chan Jan 2010

Reflecting On Experience For Leadership Development, Adrian Chan

College of Business: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This study proposes that being reflective or ruminative about one's leadership experience can have differential effects on one's leadership efficacy, implicit leadership theories and psychological capital. Specifically, through the aid of an event history calendar, conscript military trainees of high and low military experience from a SE Asian military organization were randomly assigned to recall and reflect or ruminate on his past leadership experience. Results show that type of reflection interacts with level of military leadership experience to differentially affect one's leadership efficacy, implicit leadership theories and leadership self-awareness. Reflection triggers produced significantly higher levels of implicit leadership theories under …

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Coworker Informal Accommodations As A Solution To Work Interfering With Family And Family Interfering With Work In Team-Based Jo, Miliani Jimenez Jan 2010

Coworker Informal Accommodations As A Solution To Work Interfering With Family And Family Interfering With Work In Team-Based Jo, Miliani Jimenez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The current study builds on prior research that has identified informal work accommodations to family as a valuable means for balancing competing work and family responsibilities. As organizations increasingly capitalize on team-based work designs, it is important to consider the informal ways in which interdependent coworkers constructively assist one another in the management of work interfering with family (WIF) and family interfering with work (FIW). The intent of this thesis is to develop a better understanding of the effects of the coping mechanisms employees in team-based jobs utilize to reduce work interfering with family. Thus, this thesis examined (a) the …

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Development And Validation Of The Cross-Cultural Competence Inventory, Carol Ann Thornson Jan 2010

Development And Validation Of The Cross-Cultural Competence Inventory, Carol Ann Thornson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Understanding the factors responsible for successful interactions between cultures has been an ongoing investigation among anthropologists, social workers, and organizational psychologists. The need for employees who are able to function effectively across cultures has resulted in a great deal of research examining which factors enable expatriate effectiveness. Despite the necessity of a workforce that is able to function across cultures in today’s global economy, an even greater case can be made for cross-cultural competence (3C) in the U.S. military. The potential for loss of life and international-level consequences is high if our military forces are not adequately prepared. This is …

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The Effects Of Ethnic Diversity, Perceived Similarity, And Trust On Collaborative Behavior And Performance, Jessica Wildman Jan 2010

The Effects Of Ethnic Diversity, Perceived Similarity, And Trust On Collaborative Behavior And Performance, Jessica Wildman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recent issues such as global economic crises, terrorism, and conservation efforts are making international collaboration a critical topic. While cultural diversity often brings with it new perspectives and innovative solutions, diversity in collaborative settings can also lead to misunderstandings and interaction problems. Therefore, there is a pressing need to understand the processes and influences of intercultural collaboration and how to manage the collaborative process to result in the most effective outcomes possible. In order to address this need, the current study examines the effect of ethnic diversity, perceived deep-level similarity, trust, and distrust on collaborative behavior and performance in decision-making …

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Motivation Behind Volunteerism, Emmeline Widjaja Jan 2010

Motivation Behind Volunteerism, Emmeline Widjaja

CMC Senior Theses

Volunteer service accounts for a substantial percentage of America’s workforce and GDP. Numerous organizations such as Habitat for Humanity and the American Red Cross have come to rely heavily on volunteer service. Due to the recent economic downturn and resulting budgetary cuts in the government sector, non-profit organizations have had to assume greater responsibility for providing services such as health care and education. Considering the importance of volunteer service to society, this literature review seeks to identify the key functional motives for volunteers. With a particular focus on the functional motivation theory and the six most prominent motives – values, …

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The Principles Of Persuasion In Executive Leadership, Sonia Y. Bao Jan 2010

The Principles Of Persuasion In Executive Leadership, Sonia Y. Bao

CMC Senior Theses

Persuasion is becoming increasingly prevalent and important for executives in the business world, especially in light of the current economic situation and the shifting dynamic in organizational management. As a result, it is worth examining the scientific process behind persuasion and how applying these findings will produce more effective executive leaders. This paper will dive into the realm of persuasion in the work place by first drawing upon the history between persuasion and rhetoric, how these historical thought processes have influenced the persuasion we know and understand today, as well as examine how certain techniques can make persuasion most effective, …

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Ethics And Leadership: How Personal Ethics Produce Effective Leaders, Jessica Waggoner Jan 2010

Ethics And Leadership: How Personal Ethics Produce Effective Leaders, Jessica Waggoner

CMC Senior Theses

With over 200 definitions of leadership, the question has evolved from ‘what is leadership?’ to ‘what is good leadership?” This paper analyzes the importance of personal ethics in leadership and how ethics produce effective leaders. The importance of understanding ethics, motivation to act as a role model and developing a plan of action for an organization are discussed because of their importance regarding development of good leadership. These key aspects suggest personal ethics positively affect leadership and when made a priority for leaders will produce ethical and effective leadership.

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Preventing Security Breaches In Business, Pearl Jacobs, Linda Schain Jan 2010

Preventing Security Breaches In Business, Pearl Jacobs, Linda Schain

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Technological advancements are constantly changing the world we live in. These advancements are not only changing how we work but also the security of our workplace. High level white collar crime is rapidly becoming a fact of corporate life. Businesses want to avoid becoming victims of these white collar criminals so they attempt to institute controls on all aspects of their operations. These controls are far from 100% effective. Businesses need to take a different approach to the prevention of white collar crime. Perhaps more effective prevention programs can be developed by exploring the various theories of crime causation and …

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Training Transfer And Transfer Motivation : The Influence Of Individual, Environmental, Situational, Traning Design And Affective Reaction Factors., Muhammad Awais Bhatti Jan 2010

Training Transfer And Transfer Motivation : The Influence Of Individual, Environmental, Situational, Traning Design And Affective Reaction Factors., Muhammad Awais Bhatti

Student Works (2010-2019)

Human resource development professionals have been investing several resources to provide necessary skills, knowledge and abilities to their employees in order to get competitive advantage in the global market and to achieve organizational goals. To provide these necessary skills, knowledge and abilities, organizations have been investing millions of dollars in formal training programs. The main objective of these training programs is to align the employee‟s expertise with organizational goals. The organizations can only achieve their desired objectives when employees transfer the learned skills at workplace. But unfortunately, employees transfer a small percentage of learned skills at workplace. To effectively manage …

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Do Applicants And Incumbents Respond To Personality Items Similarly? A Comparison Using An Ideal Point Response Model, Erin L. O'Brien Jan 2010

Do Applicants And Incumbents Respond To Personality Items Similarly? A Comparison Using An Ideal Point Response Model, Erin L. O'Brien

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the extent to which applicants and incumbents use different response processes when responding to personality items. It was hypothesized that applicants' responses to personality items will be more similar to a dominance response model and that incumbents' responses will be more similar to an ideal point response model. I used item response theory to estimate sample data from applicants (N = 1509) and incumbents (N = 1568) who completed the Sixteen Personality Questionnaire Select. Differential item (DIF) and test functioning (DTF) analyses were conducted using the generalized graded unfolding model (GGUM), which is based on ideal point …

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Predicting Sales Performance: Considering Nonlinear Relationships Between Gma, Performance, And Effectiveness, Jason D. Culbertson Jan 2010

Predicting Sales Performance: Considering Nonlinear Relationships Between Gma, Performance, And Effectiveness, Jason D. Culbertson

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Measuring Conscientiousness with Explicit and Implicit Measures Although the literature has a wealth of research predicting salesperson performance, the literature is unclear. Even meta-analytic research (Barrick et al., 2001; Schmidt & Hunter, 1998; Vinchur et al. 1998) appears inconsistent. The main goal of this study was to determine if the relationships were of a nonlinear nature and leading to confusion. This study found that the relationships between sales performance depended on the type of criteria (supervisor ratings or performance versus sales revenue or effectiveness) and the type of relationship examined (linear or nonlinear). This study was successful in demonstrating a …

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The Effects Of Mood And Dispositional Affectivity On Self-Reported Job Satisfaction, Cristina D. Kirkendall Jan 2010

The Effects Of Mood And Dispositional Affectivity On Self-Reported Job Satisfaction, Cristina D. Kirkendall

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Job satisfaction has several antecedents, including situational factors (e.g., pay, job characteristics), personality factors (e.g., positive and negative affectivity), and social interactions at work. Job satisfaction is most often measured with self-report surveys which may not effectively capture unconscious attitudes or context effects such as mood. Mood at time of survey completion has been shown to have an effect on self-reported satisfaction measures. This study uses animal-related video clips as a mood induction and examines the effect of induced mood and personality factors on self-report measures of job satisfaction.

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Measuring Conscientiousness With Explicit And Implicit Measures, Jenna Noelle Filipkowski Jan 2010

Measuring Conscientiousness With Explicit And Implicit Measures, Jenna Noelle Filipkowski

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The fakability of three measures of conscientiousness was examined: the International personality Item Pool (IPIP), the Conditional Reasoning Test, and Implicit Association Tests (IAT). Data from a student sample (N = 442) found the Conditional Reasoning and IATs were the least susceptible to faking, but they did not have a meaningful relationship with the IPIP. The Conditional Reasoning Test was the best non-cognitive predictor of College GPA (r = .23, p < .01), perhaps due to the fact it may tap cognitive ability as evidenced by its significant correlation with the ACT (r = .41, p < .01). The explicit (self- report) and implicit (IAT) measures of conscientiousness had a low positive correlation with one another. Some researchers may use this finding as evidence that they are measuring different aspects of the construct.

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Team Coordination As A Mediator Of Stress Appraisals And Team Performance, Gaea Megan Payton Jan 2010

Team Coordination As A Mediator Of Stress Appraisals And Team Performance, Gaea Megan Payton

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Threat stress appraisals can negatively affect individuals by decreasing performance (Gildea, Schneider, & Shebilske, 2007). Performance is also influenced by a team's ability to coordinate tasks (Entin & Serfaty, 1999). This study investigated the link between team stressor appraisals, coordination, and performance. Using a simulated team environment, teams were evaluated on their perceived stress appraisals, coordination as indicated through instant messaging, and team performance. Findings showed that team stressor appraisals were marginally related to coordination and significantly related to performance. Coordination was related to team performance. Further research should be performed using varied levels of a stressful scenario to evaluate …

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The Effect Of Expertise And Cognitive Demand On Temporal Awareness In Real-Time Scheduling, James Samuel Garrett Jan 2010

The Effect Of Expertise And Cognitive Demand On Temporal Awareness In Real-Time Scheduling, James Samuel Garrett

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The following study examines the relationship between amount of information, performance, expertise, and temporal awareness during a high fidelity military battle command simulation. The current study provides an in situ example of temporal estimation which is lacking in the current body of research. Twenty Ohio National Guardsmen of varying expertise played the role of battle commander during the simulation. Novice behavior differed from experts. Novice indications of temporal awareness did not vary with contextual change. However, they provided non-detailed temporal utterances and a relationship between temporal awareness and performance. This pattern suggests that they were overwhelmed by the amount of …

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Influence Of Edge Rate, Global Optical Flow Rate, Angle, And Expansion Rate On Braking Behavior, Sheldon M. Russell Jan 2010

Influence Of Edge Rate, Global Optical Flow Rate, Angle, And Expansion Rate On Braking Behavior, Sheldon M. Russell

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

A driving simulator was used to understand the way humans control collisions. Based on the research of Smith et al. (2001), and McKenna (2004), this study altered distance to and size of a target to determine if optical angle and expansion rate were used independently to control behavior in a collision event rather than combined into a single variable, tau, as suggested by Lee (1976). Furthermore, edge rate as defined by Denton (1980) and global optical flow rate (GOFR) (Warren, 1982) were considered as possible visual sources of egomotion information. Similar to the results found by McKenna (2004), participants appeared …

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An Examination Of Type I Errors And Power For Two Differential Item Functioning Indices, Patrick Carl Clark Jr. Jan 2010

An Examination Of Type I Errors And Power For Two Differential Item Functioning Indices, Patrick Carl Clark Jr.

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

This study examined two methods for detecting differential item functioning (DIF): Raju, van der Linden, and Fleer's (1995) differential functioning of items and tests procedure (DFIT) and Thissen, Steinberg, and Wainer's (1988) likelihood ratio test (LRT). The major research questions concerned which test provides the best balance of Type I errors and power and if the tests differ in terms of detecting different types of DIF. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to address these questions. Equal and unequal sample size conditions were fully crossed with test lengths of 10 and 20 items. In addition, α and β parameters were manipulated …

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The Importance Of Perceived Similarity Within Faculty-Faculty Mentoring Dyads, Emily N. Polander Jan 2010

The Importance Of Perceived Similarity Within Faculty-Faculty Mentoring Dyads, Emily N. Polander

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the effects of gender similarity, perceived similarity, and relationship type (formal vs. informal) within faculty-faculty mentoring dyads on various mentoring outcomes from the protégé's perspective. Perceived similarity was expected to be a stronger predictor of relationship satisfaction, affective commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intent than gender similarity. Perceived similarity was also examined as a potential mediator of relationship type and relationship satisfaction. Tenure-track faculty who reported having mentors (N = 45) answered questions regarding their primary career mentor and other workplace attitudes. Results indicated that perceived similarity had a positive, greater effect than gender similarity on relationship …

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Inclusive Leadership And Employee Involvement In Creative Tasks In The Workplace: The Mediating Role Of Psychological Safety, Abraham Carmeli, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Enbal Ziv Jan 2010

Inclusive Leadership And Employee Involvement In Creative Tasks In The Workplace: The Mediating Role Of Psychological Safety, Abraham Carmeli, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Enbal Ziv

Psychology Faculty Publications

This study examines how inclusive leadership (manifested by openness, accessibility, and availability of a leader) fosters employee creativity in the workplace. Using a sample of 150 employees, we investigated the relationship between inclusive leadership (measured at Time 1), psychological safety, and employee involvement in creative work tasks (measured at Time 2). The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis indicate that inclusive leadership is positively related to psychological safety, which, in turn, engenders employee involvement in creative work.

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Identifying Factors That Enhance Or Hinder The Utilization Of Strengths By Healthcare Managers, Gene C. Milton Jan 2010

Identifying Factors That Enhance Or Hinder The Utilization Of Strengths By Healthcare Managers, Gene C. Milton

Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of strengths-use at Hackettstown Regional Medical Center (HRMC), and common factors and conditions that enhanced and hindered strengths-utilization among middle managers at HRMC, a 111-bed acute care facility in Hackettstown, New Jersey. The study identified factors and conditions that can be expanded and improved upon to promote strengths-use at HRMC in the future. The population for this explorative study was selected from approximately 200 full-time executives, managers, and staff at HRMC who took the StrengthsFinder Profile from January 2007 through June 2009. The vehicle used for data collection was 5 focus …

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