Biological Psychology Commons^™

Alcohol, Pregnancy And The Developing Child, Sandra J. Kelly

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Cholinergic And Dopaminergic Drugs On Number And Time Processing In Rats, Romina Coppa

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study describes the effects of cholinergic and dopaminergic drugs on time and number processing by rats. Rats were trained to discriminate discrete sound sequences. On number trials, the duration of the sound sequence was a constant 4 seconds and the number of sounds was 2 or 8. On time trials, the number of sounds was held constant at 4, and the duration of the sound sequence was either 2 or 8 seconds. Psychophysical functions for number and time were obtained by presenting unreinforced sequences of intermediate number and duration. Accuracy of performance was greater with temporal signals than with …

African-American Males' Perception Of Law Enforcement: A Psychophysiological Perspective, Adolph Brown Iii

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study compared the psychophysiological reactivity of African American and European American males to authority. Nineteen African American males and 23 European American males were randomly assigned to either be interrogated by a police officer, or see a police officer interrogate that experimenter or view a videotape of police activity. Participants' physiological reactivity, acceptance of authority, fear of negative evaluation or social anxiety, and apprehension and anxiety in stressful situations as well as EMG, SCR, heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure were measured. African American males were hypothesized to show greater physiological response than European American males and participants who …

Behavioral Response Of The Crayfish Procambarus Clarkii To The Crustacean Molting Hormone 20-Hydroxyecdysone, William D. Hornsby

Honors Capstone Projects and Theses

No abstract provided.

Women: The Ignored Majority, Carol T. Mowbray, Daphna Oyserman, Catherine J. Lutz, Rogeair Purnell

Psychology Faculty Publications

The major thrust of psychiatric rehabilitation is to provide skill development and supports enabling individuals to function in their roles of choice. The model thus contains an underlying assumption that meaningful life roles are “chosen” roles. It therefore may tend to overlook the impact on persons’ lives of the roles that they are given. These given or ascribed roles include those based on gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic class. Self-definitions, behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, and values are all likely to be structured within such social roles, which can also serve as important social identities (Oyserman & Markus, 1993). In spite of increased …

Mk-801 Interferes With The Acquisition Of Amphetamine- And Lithium-Induced Place Conditioning, Jonathan Francis Toth

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The place conditioning paradigm was used to assess the ability of the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, M- 801 to interfere with drug-place associations. MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg, ip) attenuated a place preference produced by 10 mg/kg, but not by 3 or 5 mg/kg of amphetamine. MK-801 alone produced neither a place preference nor a place aversion. Interference with amphetamine place preference learning was not the result of state-dependent learning produced by MK-801. Furthermore, MK-801 did not interfere with the expression of a previously established amphetamine place preference. Pretreatment with MK-801 also interfered with lithium-induced conditioned place aversion learning. These results suggest …

Pentobarbital-Induced Place Aversion Learning, Gilbert Lew

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Pentobarbital is self-administered by rats, but has also been reported to produce a conditioned place aversion. Since the self-administration and place preference paradigms both are considered to assess drug reward, we further examined the hedonic properties of pentobarbital using place conditioning. In Experiment 1, a dose of 15 mg/kg (ip) of pentobarbital produced a conditioned place aversion following 4 conditioning trials of various durations (5, 15, 30 or 60 min). Since rats are typically drug-experienced in the self-administration paradigm. Experiments 2 and 3 examined the effect of drug history on pentobarbital-induced place conditioning. Although preexposure to pentobarbital attenuated the place …

Specific Dopaminergic Manipulation Of The Internal Clock Mechanism, Lianne Elizabeth Stanford

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Using non-specific dopaminergic agents, Meck (1983, 1986) and his colleagues have repeatedly demonstrated manipulations of the internal clock mechanism, while showing no other changes to the psychophysical function (DL & WF). The current study used analyses and procedures similar to those of Meck (1983) and investigated the internal clock mechanism with the specific D2 agonist, quinpirole. Two groups were trained with saline and tested with quinpirole (0.08 mg/kg). One group was naive to the drug prior to testing (DN), while the other had previous drug exposure (DE). A third group (DT) was trained with quinpirole, and tested with saline. The …

Animal Memory Processes For Number And Time: Pigeons, Methamphetamine, And The Internal Clock Model, James W. Coyle

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The mode-control model of counting and timing (Meek & Church, 1983) suggests that discriminations based on number and time may be controlled by the same internal clock mechanism. In Experiment 1, two groups of pigeons were initially trained to perform delayed symbolic matching-to-sample (DSMTS) at a 5s fixed baseline delay, with sample stimuli that consisted of sequences of flashing light. Testing was conducted with a range of delays (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10s). In the Number Group, control by number was established by varying the number of flashes while holding time constant. In the Time Group, control by time, …

Dose-Dependent Characterization Of The Rewarding And Stimulant Properties Of Cocaine Across Intraperitoneal And Intravenous Routes Of Administration, Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Differential Effects Of Intra-Accumbens Sulpiride On Cocaine-Induced Locomotion And Conditioned Place Preference, Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Dopamine Overflow In The Nucleus Accumbens During Extinction And Reinstatement Of Cocaine Self-Administration Behavior, Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Differential Effects Of Intra-Accumbens Sulpiride On Cocaine-Induced Locomotion And Conditioned Place Preference, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

Dopamine Overflow In The Nucleus Accumbens During Extinction And Reinstatement Of Cocaine Self-Administration Behavior, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

Dose-Dependent Characterization Of The Rewarding And Stimulant Properties Of Cocaine Across Intraperitoneal And Intravenous Routes Of Administration, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

Identification Of Variables Influencing Women's Breast Cancer Detection, Sherri Duckworth Kemp

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study investigated the variables influencing women's breast cancer detection behavior. Using social learning theory as an organizing framework. factors influencing women's decisions to seek breast cancer detection and the respondent's personal demographics were examined for their contribution to explaining women's decisions to seek breast cancer detection.

A [convience] sample from a university medical center provided data for the study. Data were gathered with a voluntary questionnaire. A total of 25 employees from the medical center participated in the study during the winter quarter of 1994.

The findings of the study provide insight into some of the variables affecting women's …

Localization Of Dopamine Receptor Subtypes Occupied By Intra-Accumbens Administration Of Selective Antagonists That Reverse Cocaine-Induced Locomotion., Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of The Kappa Agonist U-50,488 On Morphine-Induced Place Preference Conditioning And Fos Immunoreactivity In The Preweanling And Periadolescent Rat, Carlos Alberto Balaños Guzman

Theses Digitization Project

The effects of the kappa opioid agonist U-50,488 on morphine-induced condtioned place preference (CPP), locomotor activity and Fos immunoreactivity and assessed in 10-, 17- and 35-day old rats. It was predicted that kappa agonist treatment would block the unconditioned and conditioned behaviors produced by morhine (a mu opioid receptor agonist).

Localization Of Dopamine Receptor Subtypes Occupied By Intra-Accumbens Administration Of Selective Antagonists That Reverse Cocaine-Induced Locomotion., Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Dopamine D1 And D2 Antagonists On Cocaine-Induced Cpp In Preweanling Rats, Douglas L. Pruitt

Theses Digitization Project

The effects of dopamine D1 and D2 antagonists on conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor activity were assessed. A total of three experiments were conducted. In each experiment there were two conditioning days followed by a test day. The results indicate that DA D1 and D2 receptors have distictly different roles in the mediation of behavior.

Morphine-Induced Modification Of Quinine Palatability: Effects Of Multiple Morphine-Quinine Trials, Sharon Nicola D.A. Clarke

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Contemporary research investigating the effects of opiate receptor agonists and antagonists indicates a role for endorphinergic mechanisms in the control of consummatory behaviours. One way in which opiates may exert an effect on feeding is by altering the hedonic properties or palatability of food and drink. Investigations of the role of palatability in the effect of opiates on feeding and drinking have primarily considered the effect of single exposures to opiates. Recognizing that chronic exposure to opiates may result in the development of tolerance to their palatability-altering properties, the taste reactivity test, a direct measure of the hedonic properties of …

The Effects Of Stroke On The Comprehension Of Affective And Nonaffective Prosody, Mona Matheney Tiernan

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of stroke on the comprehension of prosody. Thirty two inpatient volunteers (16 with right hemisphere and 16 with left hemisphere stroke) and 16 controls participated in the study. A 3(Group) x 2(Gender) x 2(Task) mixed design was used. The independent variables were the subject group, gender and the prosody task (affective or nonaffective). The dependent variables were the percentage of correct responses to the affective and nonaffective prosody tasks. A 3(Group) x 2(Gender) x 2(Task) AN0VA revealed a significant main effect for group, E

An Examination Of Operant-Respondent Interaction In The Development Of Tolerance To Ethanol, Brady Justin Phelps

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In four experiments, pigeons performed on schedules of food reinforcement across two different contexts. One context consisted of having the operant chamber fully illuminated, with increased noise levels, and reflective aluminum foil draped over the chamber sidewalls. This context was paired with oral injections of water. Another context consisting of having the chamber dark except for response keylight and at ambient noise levels was paired with oral injections of ethanol. Ethanol dosages were determined by using a dose that doubled the average variable-ratio postreinforcement pause. These procedures established the dark context as a conditioned stimulus capable of producing Pavlovian conditioned …

Interaction Between Amphetamine And Ethanol On Amphetamine-Produced Conditioned Place Preference, Cheryl Pelphrey-Weigand

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Male Long-Evans rats were conditioned 6 days, alternating drug and non-drug conditions, using injections of .6 mg/kg d-amphetamine, amphetamine plus 60mg/kg ethanol, or amphetamine plus 120 mg/kg ethanol. These injections were given in a specific side of the shuttlebox to assess the development of a place preference or aversion. The amount of time spent in the drug-paired side was analyzed on 2 non-drugged test days. Rats spent significantly more time in the drug-paired side on Test Day 1 than on Test Day 2. When the ethanol groups were combined, these rats spent significantly more time in the drug-paired side than …

An Evaluation Of Outcome Differentiation Using Biologically Neutral Stimuli, Wendy Ann Newell

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This experiment investigated the specificity of encoding the outcomes of instrumental responding with rats. The first part of the study examined the differential outcome effect (DOE) using a 0.5 second flash of light as the outcome differentiator. Acquisition of a two-choice conditional discrimination was not enhanced if Response 1 (R1) in the presence of Stimulus 1 (S1) produced food plus a light flash, and R2 during S2 produced only food. Next, 2/3 of the animals were then trained to make two new responses (R3 and R4), one earning light plus food and the other earning food only. There was no …

Evidence For Common Coding Of Temporal And Nontemporal Information In Pigeons, Stephen Bridson

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Two experiments found evidence that pigeons commonly code temporal and visual samples that are associated with the same comparisons in many-to-one matching. In Experiment 1, pigeons were trained to match temporal (2-sec and 8-sec keylight durations) and color (red and green) samples to line tilt comparisons (vertical and horizontal). Similar rates of forgetting were found for all samples. Furthermore, retention of sample information appeared more similar for samples which shared common comparisons than those that did not. In Experiment 2, pigeons learned new comparison (circle and triangle) associations with either temporal or visual samples from Experiment 1. When tested on …

Gender Differences In The Relation Between Locus Of Control And Physiological Responses, Monique C. Grelot

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The relationship between locus of control and the physiological responses of heart rate (HR) and electrodermal activity (EDA) was investigated in 30 males and 31 females during an arithmetic task. The Levenson's Internal, Powerful Others and Chance (IPC) scales (Levenson, 1974) were used to assess the various degrees of internality for each subject. Additionally, to determine each subject's physiological Lability or Stability (LS), EDA was measured by recording spontaneous skin conductance responses during a ten minute rest period and to a tone (an Orienting Response (OR) task). A simple difficulty effect was found on the performance scores across the three …

Spatial Vision: Age And Practice, James Pasley

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Previous studies have shown that practice can improve adults’ ability to discriminate between two similar high frequency spatial patterns. Adults trained on this task also demonstrated significant improvement on a standard acuity test which is dependent on high frequency information. The aim of this study was to extend the range of training patterns to low (1.7 c/deg) and middle (4.0 c/deg.) spatial frequencies, and to determine if practice in a similar spatial frequency discrimination task would transfer to other spatial tasks dependent on low frequency information. Fourteen subjects in three age groups (young, middle and old) were tested before and …

Alzheimer's Disease: The Relationship Between P300 Latency And Pet Scan Ratios, Glena Lynne Needham Schubarth Andrews

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

The P300 component of the auditory EEG event-related potential (ERP) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) were investigated in individuals considered to be early cases of probable Alzheimer's type dementia (PAD) and a control group of similar age. Two questions were investigated: (a) The degree to which P300 latency was sensitive to neurocognitive changes in very early stages of PAD; and (b) The relationship between P300 latency and specific areas of reduced neural functions as reflected in PET scans. A significant difference was found between PAD and normal subjects in P300 latencies, with those in the patient group having longer P300 …

The Effects Of Task Load On Heart Rate And Heart Rate Variability, Paula Jeanne Guerette

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The relationship between task load and cardiovascular measures was investigated during single- and dual-task performance. The results showed significant reductions in Heart Rate Variability and the Blood pressure component of the Power Spectral Density function during task performance. No significant changes in HR were seen from baseline to task. However, differences in directional responding between subjects seemed to have obscured these effects. When direction of the HR response was disregarded and absolute magnitude of response was analyzed, significant differences from baseline to task were seen. There was no difference in physiological responding from single- to dual-task trials. Future research examining …