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Articles 1051 - 1080 of 1199

Full-Text Articles in Biological Psychology

Diminished Nicotine Withdrawal In Adolescent Rats: Implications For Vulnerability To Addiction, Laura O'Dell Jan 2006

Diminished Nicotine Withdrawal In Adolescent Rats: Implications For Vulnerability To Addiction, Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.


Extended Access To Nicotine Self-Administration Leads To Dependence: Circadian Measures, Withdrawal Measures, And Extinction Behavior In Rats, Laura O'Dell Jan 2006

Extended Access To Nicotine Self-Administration Leads To Dependence: Circadian Measures, Withdrawal Measures, And Extinction Behavior In Rats, Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.


Unlimited Access To Heroin Self-Administration: Independent Motivational Markers Of Opiate Dependence, Laura O'Dell Jan 2006

Unlimited Access To Heroin Self-Administration: Independent Motivational Markers Of Opiate Dependence, Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.


Biconditional Discrimination Learning In Rats With 192 Igg-Saporin Lesions Of The Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis, Michael Ryan Kitto Jan 2006

Biconditional Discrimination Learning In Rats With 192 Igg-Saporin Lesions Of The Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis, Michael Ryan Kitto

Theses Digitization Project

The experiment tested the hypothesis that 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) in rats would impair performance in a biconditional visual discrimination task, which requires configural association learning. Experiment used 22 male Long-Evan rats (Harlan Sprague-Dawley). Behavioral testing was conducted in two identical T-mazes. Rats were randomly assigned to either a bilateral 192 IgG-saporin lesion group (n = 10) or to a control group (n = 12). Results support the hypothesis that NBM is critically involved in configural but not simple association learning and suggest that NBM may be involved more generally in cognitive flexibility.


The Biological Etiology Of Mental Health Disorders: Social Influences And Change Potential Of Practitioners’ Beliefs, Donna Marie Midkiff Jan 2006

The Biological Etiology Of Mental Health Disorders: Social Influences And Change Potential Of Practitioners’ Beliefs, Donna Marie Midkiff

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

This study was designed to examine mental health professionals’ strength of belief in biological causation of several syndromes including ADHD, unipolar depression, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia and whether a three-hour educational program will alter their thinking. Findings suggest that pre-training, mental health professionals’ reported strength of belief regarding the etiology of many mental health disorders tends toward the biologically based. Also, this study demonstrated that attendance at a three hour training program is able to reduce the expressed acceptance of biological causation of such disorders. The social influences of pharmaceutical direct to consumer advertising and medical guild dominance, as well …


Behavioral And Neurochemical Responses To Cocaine In Periadolescent And Adult Rats, Laura O'Dell Jan 2006

Behavioral And Neurochemical Responses To Cocaine In Periadolescent And Adult Rats, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.


Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Within The Central Nucleus Of The Amygdala Mediates Enhanced Ethanol Self-Administration In Ethanol-Dependent Rats During Withdrawal., Laura O'Dell Jan 2006

Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Within The Central Nucleus Of The Amygdala Mediates Enhanced Ethanol Self-Administration In Ethanol-Dependent Rats During Withdrawal., Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.


Biphasic Alterations In Serotonin1b (5-Ht1b) Receptor Function During Abstinence From Extended Cocaine Self-Administration, Laura O'Dell Jan 2006

Biphasic Alterations In Serotonin1b (5-Ht1b) Receptor Function During Abstinence From Extended Cocaine Self-Administration, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.


Extended Access To Nicotine Self-Administration Leads To Dependence: Circadian Measures, Withdrawal Measures, And Extinction Behavior In Rats, Laura O'Dell Jan 2006

Extended Access To Nicotine Self-Administration Leads To Dependence: Circadian Measures, Withdrawal Measures, And Extinction Behavior In Rats, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.


Unlimited Access To Heroin Self-Administration: Independent Motivational Markers Of Opiate Dependence, Laura O'Dell Jan 2006

Unlimited Access To Heroin Self-Administration: Independent Motivational Markers Of Opiate Dependence, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.


Diminished Nicotine Withdrawal In Adolescent Rats: Implications For Vulnerability To Addiction, Laura O'Dell Jan 2006

Diminished Nicotine Withdrawal In Adolescent Rats: Implications For Vulnerability To Addiction, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.


Syntactic Processing In Individuals With Dyslexia: Using Erp To Address The Debate, Hilary Brown Jan 2006

Syntactic Processing In Individuals With Dyslexia: Using Erp To Address The Debate, Hilary Brown

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Behavioural and ERP data were collected from university and college students with and without dyslexia to determine if a deficit in syntactic processing in post-secondary students with dyslexia can be explained by the degree of phonological processing deficits. Participants read and listened to sentences of differing syntactic complexity and working memory load, particularly object relative and subject relative sentences. Slow cortical waves showed greater negativity for the objective relative sentences as the sentence progressed for the control participants regardless of presentation format. The same result was seen for the participants with dyslexia when presented with sentences in an auditory format. …


Planning For The Close And Distant Future: The Impact Of Temporal Distance On Task Completion Prediction, Johanna Peetz Jan 2006

Planning For The Close And Distant Future: The Impact Of Temporal Distance On Task Completion Prediction, Johanna Peetz

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Accurate project completion estimates are part of successful project completion. Thus, it is important to identify factors that reduce the tendency to make overly optimistic project completion predictions (Buehler et al., 2002). This research investigated the effect of temporal distance on project completion predictions. A review of past research provided evidence that could lead to a prediction of either increased or decreased optimism with increasing temporal distance. In a first study, participants predicted the completion date of a hypothetical school assignment that would begin either tomorrow (close future) and next term (distant future). Participants predicted to complete the project earlier …


Regret And The Control Of Temporary Preferences, Terry Connolly, Jochen Reb Oct 2005

Regret And The Control Of Temporary Preferences, Terry Connolly, Jochen Reb

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Regret is often symptomatic of the defective decisions associated with temporary preference problems. It may also help overcome these defects. Outcome regret can modify the relative utilities of different payoffs. Process regret can motivate search for better decision processes or trap-evading strategies. Heightened regret may thus be functional for control of these self-defeating choices.


The Impact Of The Chip Program On Depression And Well-Being: A Pilot Study, Carmen Diehl Thieszen Sep 2005

The Impact Of The Chip Program On Depression And Well-Being: A Pilot Study, Carmen Diehl Thieszen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Reliable studies have demonstrated that intensive and comprehensive lifestyle changes can reduce coronary risk, which, in turn, can prevent, postpone, and reverse coronary heart disease (CHD) and affect its underlying atherosclerotic lesions. These well-established studies have focused their interventions on moderating biophysical risk factors. In the past 10 years, however, burgeoning research is supporting the idea that psychological factors, such as depression and well-being, are also important CHD risk factors. Little research has addressed, in a non-subjective way, how an intervention program focused on modifying biophysical risk factors may influence psychological factors. Using the Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form, the Dartmouth …


Extraocular Muscle Activity, Rapid Eye Movements And The Development Of Active And Quiet Sleep, Adele M. H. Seelke, Andrew J. Gall, Karl Æ. Karlsson, Mark S. Blumberg Aug 2005

Extraocular Muscle Activity, Rapid Eye Movements And The Development Of Active And Quiet Sleep, Adele M. H. Seelke, Andrew J. Gall, Karl Æ. Karlsson, Mark S. Blumberg

Faculty Publications

Rapid eye movements (REMs), traditionally measured using the electrooculogram (EOG), help to characterize active sleep in adults. In early infancy, however, they are not clearly expressed. Here we measured extraocular muscle activity in infant rats at 3 days of age (P3), P8 and P14-15 in order to assess the ontogeny of REMs and their relationship with other forms of sleep-related phasic activity. We found that the causal relationship between extraocular muscle twitches and REMs strengthened during the first two postnatal weeks, reflecting increased control of the extraocular muscles over eye movements. As early as P3, however, phasic bursts of extraocular …


The Relationship Between Psychopathology In Caregivers And Their Children With Asthma, Jaime L. Benson May 2005

The Relationship Between Psychopathology In Caregivers And Their Children With Asthma, Jaime L. Benson

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

Asthma is the leading chronic illness among children, and children with asthma have an increased risk not only for physical problems, but also for social and emotional difficulties related to their asthma. These risks are compounded when children have a caregiver who is depressed. The effects of maternal depression for children are complex and have been shown to persist into adolescence and adulthood. This is especially important because children with asthma, who are already at risk for psychopathology, may have increased internalizing and externalizing problems when their primary caregivers have depression or display depressive symptoms. Because depression affects cognitive functioning …


The Neural Substrates Of Infant Sleep In Rats, Karl Æ. Karlsson, Andrew J. Gall, Ethan J. Mohns, Adele M. H. Seelke, Mark S. Blumberg Apr 2005

The Neural Substrates Of Infant Sleep In Rats, Karl Æ. Karlsson, Andrew J. Gall, Ethan J. Mohns, Adele M. H. Seelke, Mark S. Blumberg

Faculty Publications

Sleep is a poorly understood behavior that predominates during infancy but is studied almost exclusively in adults. One perceived impediment to investigations of sleep early in ontogeny is the absence of state-dependent neocortical activity. Nonetheless, in infant rats, sleep is reliably characterized by the presence of tonic (i.e., muscle atonia) and phasic (i.e., myoclonic twitching) components; the neural circuitry underlying these components, however, is unknown. Recently, we described a medullary inhibitory area (MIA) in week-old rats that is necessary but not sufficient for the normal expression of atonia. Here we report that the infant MIA receives projections from areas containing …


Why Girls? The Importance Of Developing Gender-Specific Health Promotion Programs For Adolescent Girls, Amanda Birnbaum, Tracy R. Nichols Apr 2005

Why Girls? The Importance Of Developing Gender-Specific Health Promotion Programs For Adolescent Girls, Amanda Birnbaum, Tracy R. Nichols

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Adolescence is a time when many girls begin to develop unhealthy behaviors that can affect myriad short- and long-term health outcomes across their lifespan.2There is evidence that smoking, physical activity, and diet are habituated during adolescence, and some physiologic processes of adolescence, such as peak bone mass development, have direct effects on future health.3-4 Establishing healthy practices, beliefs and knowledge among adolescent girls will decrease morbidity and mortality among adult women and potentially affect the health of men and children through women’s role as healthcare agents. This paper provides a brief review of lifestyle health behaviors among women and girls …


Intimacy, Orgasm Likelihood Of Both Partners, Conflict, And Partner Response Predict Sexual Satisfaction In Heterosexual Male And Female Respondents, R. Vernon Haning Jan 2005

Intimacy, Orgasm Likelihood Of Both Partners, Conflict, And Partner Response Predict Sexual Satisfaction In Heterosexual Male And Female Respondents, R. Vernon Haning

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Anonymous data provided by 417 female and 179 male sexually active heterosexual respondents showed that in long term sexual relationships sexual satisfaction was positively correlated with two different intimacy variables, the respondent’s orgasm likelihood, and the partner’s orgasm likelihood and negatively correlated with conflict in the relationship. All were significant predictors together in a multiple linear regression model. Empathic sexuality was defined as sexual response modulated by the sexual arousal or lack of arousal of the partner. Of 696 respondents, 90.3% reported empathic turn-on, 68% reported empathic turn-off, and 63.4% reported both empathic turn-on and turn-off, findings significantly different from …


192 Igg-Saporin Lesions Of The Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis Impair Serial Reversal Learning In Rats, Sara Michelle Cabrera Jan 2005

192 Igg-Saporin Lesions Of The Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis Impair Serial Reversal Learning In Rats, Sara Michelle Cabrera

Theses Digitization Project

In order to assess flexibility in acquiring and using conflicting response rules, rats with selective lesions of the NBM or sham-lesion controls were subjected to serial reversal training in a simple operant discrimination paradigm. The NBM lesion group did not differ from the control group in acquisition of the original rules; the NBM lesion group required more time to master the changes in rules in the first reversal, but not in subsequent reversals.


Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Involvement In The Acquisition Of Differential Reinforcement Of Low Rate Responding Tasks In Rats, Sean Ryan Corley Jan 2005

Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Involvement In The Acquisition Of Differential Reinforcement Of Low Rate Responding Tasks In Rats, Sean Ryan Corley

Theses Digitization Project

It was hypothesized that 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) would disrupt differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) learning in an uncued DRL task, but would not impair acquisition and performance in the cued version of the task. Results suggest that BFCS lesions impair vigilance to the external cues despite continued practice in the cued DRL, whereas continuous attention to internally produced cues recovers with extended practice in the uncued DRL.


The Effects Of Neonatal Manganese Exposure On Impulsivity, Unlearned Motoric Function, And Reward, Carmela Marie Reichel Jan 2005

The Effects Of Neonatal Manganese Exposure On Impulsivity, Unlearned Motoric Function, And Reward, Carmela Marie Reichel

Theses Digitization Project

This study examined the effects of low to moderate doses of manganese (0, 250, or 750 _g per day from PD 1-21) on a comprehensive battery of behaviors in rats during the neonatal period, preweanling period, and in adulthood.


The Effect Of Early Psychostimulant Treatment On Abuse Liability And Dopamine Receptors, Steven Wayne Villafranca Jan 2005

The Effect Of Early Psychostimulant Treatment On Abuse Liability And Dopamine Receptors, Steven Wayne Villafranca

Theses Digitization Project

Examines whether the reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse were altered in adulthood by methylphenidate, more commonly known as Ritalin. Subjects were 108 rats of Sprague-Dawley descent (Harlan). Methylphenidate, or saline was administered daily to the subjects from the postnatal period (11-20 days old). The rats preference for morphine during early adulthood was measured using conditioned place preference. The number of dopamine D₂ receptors was measured in each rat and the correlation between receptor number and morphine preference was determined. Results indicate that rats pretreated with methylphenidate showed greater preference for morphine than saline pretreated rats and suggests that exposure …


Effect Of Preweanling Methylphenidate Exposure On The Induction, Extinction And Reinstatement Of Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference In Rats, Kellie Lynn Kucher Jan 2005

Effect Of Preweanling Methylphenidate Exposure On The Induction, Extinction And Reinstatement Of Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference In Rats, Kellie Lynn Kucher

Theses Digitization Project

This study examined the effect of preweanling methyphenidate exposure on later drug reward. We examined the induction, extinction, and reinstatement of morphine induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats that received methylphenidate pretreatment during the preweanling period.


Epipregnanolone And A Novel Synthetic Neuroactive Steroid Reduce Reduce Alcohol Self-Administration In Rats., Laura O'Dell Jan 2005

Epipregnanolone And A Novel Synthetic Neuroactive Steroid Reduce Reduce Alcohol Self-Administration In Rats., Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.


Stress Enhancement Of Craving During Sobriety: A Risk For Relapse, Laura O'Dell Jan 2005

Stress Enhancement Of Craving During Sobriety: A Risk For Relapse, Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.


Actions Of A Partial D2-Like Agonist During Low Or High Dopaminergic Tone: A Neurochemical Study Using Preweanling Rats, Shelly Taeko Yoshida Jan 2005

Actions Of A Partial D2-Like Agonist During Low Or High Dopaminergic Tone: A Neurochemical Study Using Preweanling Rats, Shelly Taeko Yoshida

Theses Digitization Project

The neurochemical effects of partial D2-like agonists (i.e., terguride) to alter striatal DOPA accumulation under high and low dopaminergic tone was examined in preweanling rats. The results indicate that terguride has agonist-like (quinpirole-like) effects under a low dopaminergic tone and antagonist-like (haloperidol-like) effects under a high dopaminergic tone during the preweanling period.


Stress Enhancement Of Craving During Sobriety: A Risk For Relapse, Laura O'Dell Jan 2005

Stress Enhancement Of Craving During Sobriety: A Risk For Relapse, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.


Epipregnanolone And A Novel Synthetic Neuroactive Steroid Reduce Reduce Alcohol Self-Administration In Rats., Laura O'Dell Jan 2005

Epipregnanolone And A Novel Synthetic Neuroactive Steroid Reduce Reduce Alcohol Self-Administration In Rats., Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.