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The Development Of Speech Research Tools On Mit's Lisp Machine-Based Workstations, D. Scott Cyphers, Robert H. Kassel, David H. Kaufman, Hong C. Leung, Mark A. Randolph, Stephanie Seneff, John E. Unverferth Iii, Timothy Wilson, Victor W. Zue

Publications

In recent years, a number of useful speech- and language-related research tools have been under development at MIT. These tools are aids for efficiently analyzing the acoustic characteristics of speech and the phonological properties of a language. They are playing a valuable role in our own research, as well as in research conducted elsewhere. This paper describes several of the systems being developed for use on our Lisp Machine workstations.

Wit And Humor In Asl, Keila Tooley

Masters Theses

In his article "Linguistics and the Study of Poetic Language," Stankewicz (1960) characterizes poetic organization as "completely embedded in language and fully determined by its possibilities." The purpose of this study is to examine the form that poetic function assumes in a language that itself has a structural organization fundamentally different from that of oral languages and in which, accordingly, the possibilities for poetic organization are radically different.

In wit and poetry, elements of form and meaning—a linguistic system--are used to create complex multi-layered expressions with multiple meanings and systems of form and meaning. Similarities--and differences—in form, function and meaning …

Orthographic Reform In Kope, John M. Clifton

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "In this paper, we will examine how local attitudes played a role in orthographic reform in Kope. In section 2 the previous orthographic tradition is outlined. Then in sections 3 and 4 we examine areas of apparent concern where local feelings pointed to new understanding of the phonological system and no change was made. Finally, in sections 5 and 6 we examine areas in which a genuine case for reform could be made and changes resulted."

Kanasi: A Brief Grammar Sketch, Ronald W. Pappenhagen

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

A Relational Grammar Approach To Verb Agreement In Lakota, Gray C. Plunkett, Michael Mckeever

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "This paper examines verb agreement rules and their application in Lakota, a Siouan language. In particular, it explores how to best account for verb agreement in Lakota in a Relational Grammar framework. We will argue that certain concepts of Relational Grammar (RG), especially the notions of level and working 2, provide the necessary theoretical apparatus for formulating concise rules of verb agreement in Lakota. These rules account for all major transitive, ditransitive, and intransitive clause types. It also lends support to Perlmutter's claim that the notion of working term-x is needed to state rules in the grammars …

Reduplication In Majang, Peter Unseth

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "Majang is a member of the Nilo-Saharan family of languages, part of the Surma cluster. It is spoken in southwestern Ethiopia in Kefa and Illubador provinces, with a small group also in Wellega. There are only two published linguistic descriptions, one by Cerulli (1948) and a recent, more comprehensive and reliable one by Bender (1983). In his article, Bender gives five examples of verb reduplication in Magang (1983a:121). Building on Bender, this present paper gives many more examples of verb reduplication, explains the different uses of reduplication, and describes the phonological rules for reduplicating. Examples of (possibly) …

Magati:Some Notes On An Unknown Language Of Northern Afghanistan, Jadwiga Pstrusinska

Documents and Reports

In the course of fieldwork conducted in 1976 in northern Afghanistan in the vicinity of Faryab province, the expedition came across an unknown group which differed from the surrounding population in many ways, and they used a distinct language, magati or zaboni magati.

A Burkean Logological Analysis Of Doctrine And Covenants Section 88, Joann Farias

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis applies Kenneth Burke's method of logology as exemplified in The Rhetoric of Religion to analyze the Mormon text Doctrine and Covenants Section 88. This method of logology is based on the assumption that what is said about God in theology reveals a religion's use of language to influence human motives. The logological method uses six analogies to discover the motives implicit in religious terminologies. These six analogies are as follows: words-Word, Matter-Spirit, the Negative, the Titular, Time-Eternity, and the Formal.

This study revealed that the terminology contained in Doctrine and Covenants uses motives far diferent from the motives …

A Comparative Study Of The Northwestern Syntax Screening Test Data, Sharon Ann Moore

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study was to compare NSST data (Lee, 1969, 1971) with data obtained in Portland, Oregon for children 4.0-4.11 years of age. The questions this study sought to answer were: 1) Is there a significant difference between the expressive and receptive scores obtained by Lee, (1969, 1971) and the scores obtained in Portland, Oregon? 2) What are the means, standard deviations and percentiles of the NSST scores of a select group of four-year-old children in Portland, Oregon?

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 35, No. 1, Mary Laycock Selders, Yvonne J. Milspaw, Priscilla Stevenson Lockard, Guy Graybill, John D. Kendig, Elda F. Gehris

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• Grandmother's Flower Garden: The Quilts of Sadie Ida Christian Laycock
• Our Good Old One-Room School Days
• A Parade from the Past
• The Philip Arndts of Manheim (1797-1888)
• Pennsylvania German Cookery
• Aldes un Neies

Viktor Krupa, The Polynesian Languages: A Guide (Book Review), Niko Besnier

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

Learning About Language, William A. Smalley

Pro Rege

No abstract provided.

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 34, No. 4, William A. Leinbach, Patricia Tinsman, David Gottshall, Marvin A. Dourte, Daniel T. Kohler, Sam Blood, Charles Layland, Margaret Layland, Brenda Wilton, Stephen Day, Richard Shaner, Donna Longenecker, William Weber, Mel Horst, Robert Jensen, Donald D. Dillon

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• Coverlets
• Sign Painting
• Reverse Painting on Glass
• Kites
• Snake Lore
• Horncraft
• Weathervanes and Country Signs
• Festival Focus
• Sheep Shearing & Natural Knits
• Bread Baking Among the Pennsylvania Dutch
• The Craft of Rushing
• Toy Soldier Casting
• Pennsylvania Dutch Humor
• Fireside Brooms and Whirligigs
• Springerle

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 34, No. 3, Earl F. Robacker, Henry J. Kauffman, Mac E. Barrick, Hilda Adam Kring

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• Johann Adam Eyer: "Lost" Fraktur Writer of Hamilton Square
• Aunt Lydia
• The Image of the Jew in South-Central Pennsylvania
• Gertrude Rapp: Harmony Society Abbess
• Aldes un Neies

A Comparison Of Motoric And Linguistic Features In Graphic Samples Of Fluent And Nonfluent Aphasic Persons Over Three Time Intervals, Babette Fisher

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study was to compare the graphic production of fluent and non-fluent aphasic groups in terms of motoric and linguistic characteristics at three intervals of recovery, and to analyze change over time after combining the fluent and non-fluent aphasic groups.

The Koh Verbal System, Suellyn H. Glidden

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "The purpose is to describe the Koh verbal system in terms of its grammatical forms and their possible meanings. Special attention is given to the tense-aspect-mood (TAM) system. The formally marked categories of the TAM system are relatively few in Koh. In fact Koh is a "tenseless" language in the sense that temporal deixis does not appear as a formal category in the verbal system. Rather, it is a sentence level function or is derived from the discourse-pragmatic context. There are one basic mood opposition and four aspectual categories. One aspectual category has a restricted usage. Even …

The Inflectional/Derivational Distinction, David H. Tuggy

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "The traditional distinction between inflectional and derivational morphology is a useful one, but it is quite complex and difficult to apply to actual forms. With this, as with other linguistic distinctions, there is a tendency to assume that we have an absolute binary distinction, a dichotomy, a hard-and-fast line, with everything on one side purely inflectional and everything on the other side purely derivational. I do not believe the facts fit such a model.

"I would claim that the distinction is better viewed as gradual or scalar along several parameters. In other words, rather than the dichotomy …

Front Matter For Sil-Und Work Papers Vol. 29 (1985)

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

Fortis/Lenis Consonants In Guichicovi Mixe: A Preliminary Acoustic Study, J. Albert Bickford

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "This paper focuses on the fortis/lenis contrast in consonants in the Guichicovi dialect of Mixe (Mixe-Zoquean; Oaxaca, Mexico), and uses instrumental data to support a proposed phonological analysis of this contrast. In the remainder of Sect. 1, I briefly survey prior work on this contrast, especially as it impacts on the claim that Mixe has three contrastive vowel lengths. I summarize the phonetic and phonological facts that were determined by ordinary techniques of phonetic transcription, and describe the phonological hypothesis for which I wanted confirmation from instrumental data. In Sect. 2, I describe the instrumental study, including …

Referential Distance And Discourse Structure In Yagua, Thomas E. Payne

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "This paper concerns Yagua, a lowland language of Peru. It also concerns the choices speakers make as to how they will refer to or "code" participants in discourse. The body of this paper will be organized into two broad parts corresponding to these two most general concerns. In the first part, consisting of Sect. 2, I will describe the major formal devices used to code participants in Yagua. In the second part, Sect. 3 and 4, I will look at the use of those devices in a body of folkloric narrative texts. I will take as a …

Red Lake Falls, Minnesota: A Sociolinguistic Survey, James Kapper

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "Despite the varied ancestry of the area's population, and a time span of more than a century for the mechanism of the American "melting pot" to have done its work, a relatively large number of people in the area still use the French language in their homes and describe themselves and their communities as "French."

"The background of the community and the survival of the language pose sociolinguistic questions concerning the status of the language in the community, the users of the language, and the situations in which it is used. The center of this study is …

Some Aspects Of Zapotecan Clausal Syntax, Stephen A. Marlett

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "In this paper I discuss pronouns and various syntactic constructions in Zapotecan (Z) languages. My major goal is to present a broad overview of the similarities and differences which exist among the various members of the Zapotecan group in these syntactic constructions, which I generally discuss in theory-neutral terms."

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 34, No. 2, Burt Feintuch, Jonathan R. Stayer, Lyle L. Rosenberger, B. G. Till, Martha S. Ross, Guy Graybill, Susan B. Trace

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• A Fiddler's Life
• An Interpretation of Some Ritual and Food Elements of the Brethren Love Feast
• Pottery Making in Quakertown: 1800-1879
• Teddy Bears: An Enduring Folk Tradition
• Lucia Day
• Dippy, Son of Puddin'
• Persecution and Genocide: The General Problem as Illustrated by the Anabaptist Experience

A Note On Ergativity, S', And S'' In Karitiana, Daniel L. Everett

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "Ergativity has long been an important topic in linguistic research, from both a typological (Comrie 1978, Dixon 1979, Plank 1979) as well as a theoretical perspective (Levin 1983, Marantz 1984). The purpose of the present study is to contribute to the discussion of this phenomenon via a study of a fragment of the grammar of Karitiana, an Amazon language, focusing especially on its ergative-absolutive marking of affirmative particles and personal pronouns. The special features of the Karitiana (henceforth K) system are: (1) only absolutive marking need be stated by rule, ergative case being a default mechanism, and …

Ñumí Mixtec Syllable Structure And Morphology, Laura Gittlen, Stephen A. Marlett

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "[...] we discuss the morphology and segmental morphophonemics of Mixtec in a degree of detail which has never been done before. The most novel aspect of our work below, for Mixtec studies, is that we posit underlying forms for the two tense prefixes and then account for the variety of surface forms. Since in many--indeed, in a majority--of situations the underlying segments are not present in the surface form, the analysis is not immediately obvious."

Syllable Structure And Aspect Morphology In Isthmus Zapotec, Stephen A. Marlett, Velma B. Pickett

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "In this article we discuss the basic features of Isthmus Zapotec (IZ) syllable structure. Although previous work (Pickett 1967) has done this in some detail already, the present work differs from the previous analysis. First, the constituent "rhyme" is used and found useful, but "nucleus" and "syllable-final margin" are not. Second, glides are analyzed as forming part of the rhyme in some instances, whether they precede or follow the vowel. Third, glottal stop is analyzed here as a laryngeal feature of the vowel rather than as a consonant restricted to syllable-final position. Fourth, in the present analysis …

A Speech Act Theory Based Interpretation Model For Written Texts, Takashi Manabe

Linguistics & TESOL Dissertations - Archive

In recent years, so called Speech Act Theory (a branch of the philosophy of language) has focused on such concepts as 'intention' (or 'intentionality'), 'interaction' and 'comprehension'. The author believes that this theory gives the theoretical basis for an interpretation model which is developed in this study. After human speech activities are placed in the larger context of human actions, a model which explains the performing process of speech acts is presented. In this model, four levels of intentionality are posited: utterance intent, propositional intent, illocutionary intent, and perlocutionary intent. These levels of intentionality are inseparable from each other and …

The Structure Of Reflexive Clauses In Michif: A Relational Grammar Approach, Larry Lee Lovell

Theses and Dissertations

Work in Relational Grammar has made possible the characterization of such notions as 'passive' and 'reflexive' in terms of grammatical relations and relational changes. More recent work in Italian has revealed evidence supporting the notions of retroherent advancement and cancellation.

This study examines reflexive clauses in Michif, a language with Algonquian verb morphology. It shows (1) that the conditions for the occurrence of the reflexive morpheme and the passive morpheme may be formulated simply using concepts available in RG, (2) that the structure of reflexive Passive clauses involves retroherent advancement, and (3) that there exist initially unaccusative clauses in Michif …

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 34, No. 1, Hans Trumpy, William T. Parsons, Marion Lois Huffines, Robert P. Stevenson, Jane Adams Clarke

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• American News in Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Swiss Almanacs: An Overview
• The Stuff of Which Folksongs are Made: Dialect Poetry of Lina Somer (1862-1932)
• Word Gain and Loss in the English of the Pennsylvania Germans
• The Autograph Album: A Victorian Girl's Best Friend
• Cobwebs on My Mind: Untangling Family Relationships
• Aldes un Neies

Roger C. Green's Review Of Roger M. Keesing's Kwaio Religion: The Living And The Dead In A Solomon Island Society, Roger C. Green

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.