Linguistics Commons^™

Sample Size Matters In Calculating Pillai Scores, Joseph A. Stanley, Betsy Sneller

Faculty Publications

Since their introduction to sociolinguistics by Hay, Warren, and Drager [(2006). J. Phon. (Modell. Sociophon. Var.) 34(4), 458–484], Pillai scores have become a standard metric for quantifying vowel overlap. However, there is no established threshold value for determining whether two vowels are merged, leading to conflicting ad hoc measures. Furthermore, as a parametric measure, Pillai scores are sensitive to sample size. In this paper, we use generated data from a simulated pair of underlyingly merged vowels to demonstrate (1) larger sample sizes yield reliably more accurate Pillai scores, (2) unequal group sizes across the two vowel classes are irrelevant in …

Sociophonetics And Dialectology, Dominic Watt, Margaret E. L. Renwick, Joseph A. Stanley

Faculty Publications

In this chapter we explore how the investigation of phonetic detail in speech seen through a sociolinguistic lens can inform and enhance our understanding of dialectal variation in languages. We begin by examining how sociophonetics can be considered an offshoot of dialectology, later to mature into a free- standing discipline during the late twentieth century. We next discuss the reconvergence of sociophonetics and dialectology as it became clearer that the two approaches to the study of language variation are, in combination, greater than the sum of their parts, even if their agendas may place different emphases on what should be …

Does Text Entry Method Make A Difference On Chinese Writing Test Scores?, Dana Scott Bourgerie, Troy L. Cox, Steven L. Riep

Faculty Publications

Should the writing construct be assessed through handwriting or keyboarding? As the only major language entirely without a syllabary or alphabet, the Chinese writing system is unique among modern languages, thus the question of writing proficiency is complicated by character recall. Most of the testing research comparing text entry methods has been conducted in English and has found that keyboarding and handwriting can be used interchangeably. This paper reports the outcome of a study comparing the results of handwritten and typed versions of the Chinese ACTFL Writing Proficiency Test (WPT). L2 Chinese students (n=25) with Intermediate to Superior speaking skills …

The Lived Experiences Of Esl Nontraditional Rrts While Preparing To Challenge The National Board For Respiratory Care Clinical Simulation Exam, Jose A. Lammoglia

Theses and Dissertations

This applied dissertation was designed to provide information to respiratory therapy graduates from two-year associate in science programs, faculty, and administrators about the cognitive and noncognitive strategies employed by graduates to prepare and pass the CSE. To date, no available information on the role played by the lived experiences of Rt graduates while preparing to challenge the CSE. The researcher developed a questionnaire to conduct a qualitative phenomenological descriptive lived experience survey of ESL Hispanic nontraditional graduates from associate of science programs in South Florida who took the NBRC national board examinations between January 2015 and March 2022. An analysis …

Editor’S Note, Deepak Shimkhada

Monsoon: South Asian Studies Association Journal

This special issue of Monsoon is dedicated to the studies honoring the goddess traditions in South Asia. The onset of the Monsoon Season in South Asia typically commences in June and continues until late August and early September. The publication of this issue, therefore, has been strategically timed to coincide with that season, which is a vital source of sustenance for millions of individuals in this part of the world. This anthology consisting of five papers—written by scholars with expertise in the field of goddess and women studies—speak unequivocally about the goddesses or women for their strength, beauty, wisdom, and …

Constructing Jain Goddess Padmavātī In Gujarati Literature, Venu Mehta

Monsoon: South Asian Studies Association Journal

Worship of the goddess Padmāvatī emerged more than a thousand years ago. This article explores three songs about her in Gujarati by Paṇḍit Vīrvijayajī (1773-1852). By analyzing the style and form of his work, one learns a great deal about devotional liturgies that commemorate goddess Padmāvatī’s protection of the Jina Pārśvanātha and, in turn, his protection of her.

Women’S Voices From History: Gond Rani Durgawati And Rani Lakshmibhai, Nandini Sengupta, Moupia Basu

Monsoon: South Asian Studies Association Journal

Two strong women are compared and contrasted in this article. Gond Rani Durgawati (1524-1564) led a resistance movement in Jabalpur against the Mughal rule of Akbar. Rani Lakshmibai (1828-1858) organized the people of Jhansi against Sir Hugh Rose, an officer defending the interests of the British East India Company. Both women continue to be remembered for their bravery and their loyalty to the people they ruled.

Mai Bhago And Amrita Devi Bishnoi: Women Of Strength, Sowmya Ayyar

Monsoon: South Asian Studies Association Journal

Mai Bhago (1670-1720), also known as Bhag Kaur, distinguished herself on the battlefield to defend the Sikh faith. Amrita Devi Bishnoi (d. 1730) is said to have sacrificed her life with 362 others to protect the Khejari trees in the Rajasthan desert. Both women continue to inspire social justice and ecological activism.

An Examination Of Gandhian Economic And Political Thought And Its Relevance To The Empowerment Of Women, Purnima Mehta Bhatt

Monsoon: South Asian Studies Association Journal

Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) sought to alleviate poverty and empower women. His commitment to nonviolence and the economic ideal of “small is beautiful” continue to inspire grassroots movements around the globe. This article discusses the Chipko movement of northern India, the protection of rain forests in Kerala’s Silent Valley, the Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA), and Medha Patkar’s valiant though ultimately futile attempt to save the Narmada River from a massive government damming project. The ongoing legacy of these movements can be found in AWAG, the Ahmedabad Women’s Action Group and Women’s Shanti Sena (Peace Force).

Indigenous Stitch-Arts Of India: Tradition And Revival In A Global Age, Punam Madhok

Monsoon: South Asian Studies Association Journal

Stitch art allows for the creative expression and economic support of countless women throughout India. This article examines four notable styles: chikankari, flora and fauna stitched in white thread on fine white cotton, rabari, the stitching of mirrors into colorful cloth, phulkari, resplendent flowery motifs sewn into shawls in Punjab, and kantha, Bengali patch work yielding quilts and seating mats. In addition to describing each technique, this article discusses how women have been economically empowered through this art by such organizations as Self-Help Enterprise (SHE) in Kolkata and Adithi, a women’s cooperative, in Bihar.

The Relationship Between Definiteness Theories And Nominal Expressions In Thai Narratives, Nimit Kumwapee

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This objective of this study is to 1) propose the definiteness rankings of Thai nominal expressions according to different definiteness theories and 2) examine the correlation between different definiteness theories with regards to the definiteness degrees of different types of nominal expressions. This study examines the relationship between 16 types of Thai nominal expressions and four definiteness theories (Uniqueness, Familiarity, Identifiability, and Accessibility), analyzing 6,007 nominal expressions from Thai-Zlatev Corpus, Aakanee Website, and Thai Folktale Database. The distributional patterns with respect to Uniqueness, Familiarity, and Identifiability shows that zero pronouns tend to denote unique, familiar and identifiable entities while nominalization …

The Effects Of Pictorial-Based Homophones In English On Thai Consumer Judgements, Sijaporn Jenjirawattana

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The objectives of the study are 1) to investigate the effect of pictorial-based homophone priming on the purchasing decisions of Thai consumers for products advertised in English; and 2) to examine the effectiveness of pictorial-based homophones as primes in a non-native context among Thai speakers of English, compared to native English speakers. Three homophone pairs selected for the study were “sail-sale”, “deer-dear”, and “hole-whole.” These pairs were presented in two forms including pictorial and textual. Each homophone pair, in each form, was utilized in the experiment to explore their distinct meanings and attributes. Two groups of participants consisted of 30 …

Information Structure In Moklen, Daniel Peter Loss

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study investigates aspects of information structure in Moklen, an endangered Austronesian language of Southern Thailand. The two objectives were to study the syntactic and informational properties of intonation units and to study the relationship between information status and changes in word-form. With respect to the first objective, Hypothesis 1 held that clausal intonation units would conform to the one-new-idea constraint, while Hypothesis 2 held that variations in argument structure could be accounted for by the given-before-new principle. Regarding changes in word-form, Hypothesis 3 held that use of monosyllabic alternants would correspond to “given” information statuses. To assess these hypotheses, …

ปัจจัยด้านวรรณยุกต์และโน้ตดนตรีที่มีต่อการใช้เสียงก้องพร่าในการร้องเพลงภาษาไทย, ธนกร อัยกร

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การศึกษานี้ มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาปัจจัยระดับเสียงของวรรณยุกต์และโน้ตดนตรีที่ทำให้เกิดเสียงก้องพร่าในการร้องเพลงภาษาไทยโดยใช้เทคนิคโวคอลฟราย และ 2) ศึกษาลักษณะทางกลสัทศาสตร์ของเสียงก้องพร่าที่ปรากฏในการร้องเพลงภาษาไทยโดยใช้เทคนิคโวคอลฟราย เก็บข้อมูลจากผู้ร่วมวิจัยที่ประกอบอาชีพร้องเพลง ทั้งหมด 10 คน เพศชาย 5 คน เพศหญิง 5 คน อายุตั้งแต่ 20 – 30 ปี บันทึกเสียงผู้ร่วมการทดลอง จากการร้องเพลงภาษาไทยที่ผู้วิจัยแต่งขึ้นใหม่ที่มีการควบคุมวรรณยุกต์อย่างสมดุล ผู้ร่วมวิจัยได้รับอนุญาตให้ออกแบบวิธีการร้องด้วยตนเอง และให้เลือกใช้เสียงก้องพร่า (รู้จักในชื่อเทคนิคโวคอลฟราย) ได้ตามอัธยาศัย จำแนกเสียงก้องพร่าจากการฟังประกอบการพิจารณาแผนภาพคลื่นเสียงเพื่อวิเคราะห์การปรากฏในแต่ละวรรณยุกต์และโน้ตดนตรี ใช้วิธีการทางสถิติด้วย Man – Whitney U Test เพื่อยืนยันข้อแตกต่างที่พบ ศึกษาลักษณะทางกลสัทศาสตร์ของเสียงก้องพร่าทั้งหมด เพื่อระบุประเภทย่อยซึ่งอ้างอิงจากการศึกษาของ Keating et al (2015) รวมถึงวัดค่าระยะเวลาเสียงก้องพร่าจากเสียงสระทั้งหมด ผลการศึกษาปฏิสัมพันธ์ของวรรณยุกต์และโน้ตดนตรีต่อการเกิดเสียงก้องพร่าในการร้องเพลงไทย พบว่า เสียงก้องพร่านั้นสามารถปรากฏได้ในทุกช่วงระดับเสียง แต่ปรากฏในช่วงโน้ตเสียงต่ำมากที่สุดอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ และโดยภาพรวม ผู้ร่วมวิจัยเพศชายมีการเลือกใช้เสียงก้องพร่ามากกว่าในทุกช่วงระดับเสียง นอกจากนี้ ในช่วงโน้ตเสียงต่ำ เสียงก้องพร่าปรากฏมากที่สุดกับกลุ่มวรรณยุกต์ต่ำสำหรับผู้ร่วมวิจัยทั้งสองกลุ่ม แต่ในช่วงโน้ตเสียงกลาง ผู้ร่วมวิจัยเพศหญิงใช้เสียงก้องพร่าในกลุ่มวรรณยุกต์สูงมากที่สุด ผลการศึกษาลักษณะทางกลสัทศาสตร์ของเสียงก้องพร่าในการร้องเพลงไทย พบว่า โน้ตดนตรีมีอิทธิพลต่อการปรากฏของเสียงก้องพร่าในแต่ละวรณยุกต์ ส่งผลให้ประเภทย่อยของเสียงก้องพร่าค่อนข้างกระจายตัว เพื่อให้เกิดความเหมาะสมกับระดับเสียงที่แตกต่างกัน ทั้งในแง่ของระดับเสียงโน้ตดนตรีและระดับเสียงของวรรณยุกต์ และถึงแม้มีการกระจายตัวค่อนข้างมาก แต่โดยภาพรวม เสียงก้องพร่าแบบโวคอลฟราย ปรากฏในสัดส่วนที่มากที่สุด ซึ่งผู้ร่วมวิจัยทุกคนใช้เสียงก้องพร่าแบบโวคอลฟรายในช่วงโน้ตเสียงต่ำ อีกทั้งโน้ตดนตรียังส่งผลให้ค่าระยะเวลาเสียงก้องพร่าแตกต่างกัน นอกจากนี้ ในช่วงโน้ตเสียงต่ำและกลาง วรรณยุกต์เอกและโท ส่งผลให้ระยะเวลาเสียงก้องพร่ามากกว่าวรรณยุกต์อื่นๆ แต่ในช่วงโน้ตเสียงสูงกลับพบว่าวรรณยุกต์ตรี ส่งผลให้ระยะเวลาของเสียงก้องพร่านั้นมากกว่าในวรรณยุกต์อื่นๆ

Identities Of Women In Indian Art And History, Nalini Rao

Monsoon: South Asian Studies Association Journal

The stereotypical image of Indian women portrayed in the art of stone sculpture is often interpreted as images of beauty that are sensuous, religious as well depict social life. There are historical reasons for depicting her as such. This paper inquires into the changing depiction and social forces that influenced feminine imagery. This paper examines the portrayal of beauty through idealization of female body which has evolved over the centuries in India. It also aims to understand their changing status and explores issues of feminine identity, status, and empowerment largely in ancient and medieval India. It also provides a brief …

Qualitative Oral-Presentation Feedback: Comparisons From Business Professionals, Instructors, And Student Peers, Matt Baker, William H. Baker

Faculty Publications

Previous studies compare quantitative feedback ratings of student peers and instructors, but new presentation-feedback technologies enable qualitative-feedback comparison. This study extends previous research by comparing qualitative feedback and business professionals’ feedback. Compared to the professionals, the instructors provided similar feedback types and sentiment; students, however, de-emphasized message delivery and made fewer suggestions for improvement. The results suggest that students may need additional practice in critiquing message delivery and in suggesting needed improvements in their peers’ oral presentations. The study also provides a methodology using the new technologies for instructors to calibrate their own and their students’ feedback with professionals’ feedback.

Multiple-Choice Reading Behaviors Of Esl Students: An Eye-Tracking Study, Juan Escalante, Grant Eckstein, Troy L. Cox, Steven Luke

Faculty Publications

Only recently has eye-tracking been used to investigate test-taker reading behavior, and results have been primarily used to confirm a range of cognitive tasks elicited by test items. This study explores test taker reading behavior for its own sake by describing how ESL readers of different proficiency levels behaviorally view multiple-choice passages and test items at different difficulty levels. Data were gathered from 51 students at three proficiency levels attending a university-sponsored intensive English program (IEP). Participants read eight validated reading comprehension items at varying difficulty levels while their eye movements were recorded on the passage, multiple-choice stem, correct answer, …

What Gives? Leveraging Marketing Knowledge To Increase Consumers’ Charitable Giving, Caitlin Michael

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Marketing plays a central role in nonprofit organizations that compete for the donations of individual consumers to achieve their respective missions. To this end, marketing researchers and practitioners have devoted much attention to the antecedents of charitable giving and ways in which solicitations may be made more effective and efficient. This gives rise to the questions: “What has the field learned?” and, relatedly, “What novel effects have not yet been explored?” Within this dissertation, three essays address these questions through the use of multiple methodologies.

The first essay seeks to outline what the marketing field has learned about consumers’ charitable …

Forum On “The Emotional Landscape Of English Medium Instruction (Emi) In Higher Education”, Sara Hillman, Wendy Li, Özgür Şahan, Kari Sahan, Indika Liyanage, Tiefu Zhang, Rui Yuan, Sarah Hopkyns, Christina Gkonou, Pramod K. Sah

All Works

No abstract provided.

Self-Censoring On Social Media Sites, Talia A. Feshbach , '23

Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards

Many users of social media sites self-censor by using character replacements or euphemisms to obscure the language they are using. The reasons for doing so vary from trying to avoid other users finding their posts in searches to evading censorship from site administration to adapting to site culture. This paper seeks to answer whether or not there is an association between reasons for self-censoring and tactics used for self-censoring. It also examines three sites where self-censoring is in different forms and amounts - Tumblr, Twitter, and TikTok - and how the tactics and reasons for self-censoring appear on those sites. …

Organizing (Eternal) Identity And Identification: An Upward Glance Into Religious Institutions, Casey M. Stratton

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation disrupts at least two religious spaces: First, scholars religiously adhering to (social) scientific norms, and second, people identifying with religious organizations (i.e., churches). First, we begin constructing a theoretical lens using poststructural ideas offered by Foucault, Derrida, and Bakhtin to read and disrupt (religious) discourse. Second, we complicate organizational identification as a concept, deeming it fixed and fluid—a paradox within religious discourses that endorse Truth and Perfection. Here, we draw from the communication constitutes organization (CCO) approach. Third, we further curate the lens by applying poststructuralism, identification, and CCO in a specific context: The Church of Jesus Christ …

What Mcculloch V. Maryland Got Wrong: The Original Meaning Of "Necessary" Is Not "Useful", "Convenient", Or "Rational", Steven Gow Calabresi, Elise Kostial, Gary S. Lawson

Faculty Scholarship

McCulloch v. Maryland, echoing Alexander Hamilton nearly thirty years earlier, claimed of the word “necessary” in the Necessary and Proper Clause: “If reference be had to its use, in the common affairs of the world, or in approved authors, we find that it frequently imports that one thing is convenient, or useful . . . to another.” Modern case law has translated that understanding into a rational-basis test that treats the issue of necessity as all but nonjusticiable; The Supreme Court has never found a congressional law unconstitutional on the ground that it was not “necessary . . . …

A Multi-Measure Approach For Lexical Diversity In Writing Assessments: Considerations In Measurement And Timing, Kelly Woods, Brett James Hashimoto, Earl K. Brown

Faculty Publications

Several researchers (e.g., Gebril & Plakans, 2016; Crossley & McNamara, 2012) have noted a relationship between lexical diversity (LD) and writing proficiency. Previous research has indicated that typical LD measures can account for as much as 44 % of variability in writing proficiency (Crossley et al., 2011). However, it remains unclear which of the numerous LD measures (or combination of measures) that exist best predict writing proficiency (e.g., McCarthy & Jarvis, 2010). The present study addresses these issues using scored writing assessment samples from 911 ESL students. LD was assessed with a battery of ten measures through the Python lexical-diversity …

In Search Of Founding Era Registers: Automatic Modeling Of Registers From The Corpus Of Founding Era American English, Liina Repo, Brett James Hashimoto, Veronika Laippala

Faculty Publications

Registers are situationally defined text varieties, such as letters, essays, or news articles, that are considered to be one of the most important predictors of linguistic variation. Often historical databases of language lack register information, which could greatly enhance their usability (e.g. Early English Books Online). This article examines register variation in Late Modern English and automatic register identification in historical corpora. We model register variation in the corpus of Founding Era American English (COFEA) and develop machine-learning methods for automatic register identification in COFEA. We also extract and analyze the most significant grammatical characteristics estimated by the classifier for …

Boomer Peak Or Gen X Cliff? From Svs To Lbms In Georgia English, Margaret E. L. Renwick, Joseph A. Stanley, Jon Forrest, Lelia Glass

Faculty Publications

The late twentieth century in the United States marks the decline of regional vowel systems like the Northern Cities Shift and the Southern Vowel Shift, replaced by supralocal systems like the Low-Back-Merger Shift.We chart such change in acoustic data from seven generations of White speakers (n = 135) in the Southeastern state of Georgia. We analyze front vowels affected by both the SVS and LBMS (DRESS, TRAP), plus PRICE and FACE, known respectively to monophthongize and centralize in the SVS, and LBMS-implicated LOT/ THOUGHT. The SVS is most advanced among Georgians born in the mid-twentieth century, particularly in FACE-centralization. In …

Metaphor And Intersubjectivity: The Use Of Metaphor Within A Metaphor, Sara Jalbert

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Psychotherapists experience encounters in psychotherapy that present the opportunity for metaphor and imagery to be utilized as methods of intervention that enhance attunement in the therapeutic dyad. Working within imagery, tropes, and metaphor may facilitate experiential processing and integration of information. Metaphor has been used across cultures for many years to describe abstract concepts and to apply deeper meaning to the confines of logical thought. This paper discusses the literature on metaphor as an object of shared language, enhancing the space which minds share in the therapeutic dyad, and posits that metaphor has the ability to enhance intrapsychic levels of …

Impact Of Accent On Receptive Language Assessments For Bilingual Children, Katherine Stariknok

Honors Theses and Capstones

Language assessments are used to screen and diagnose children with language disorders. Many speech-language pathologists (SLP) practicing in Spanish in the United States do not speak Spanish as their first language, so they are administering these assessments in accented speech. This study aims to find what effect an SLP’s accent will have on a bilingual child’s language assessment. Initial findings show that participants were largely able to understand words in the L2 accent, with most of the errors due to several repeating consonantal features (i.e., voicing alone; place and manner of articulation). The broader impact of this work is to …

N-Gram Text Classification On Standard Croatian, Bosnian And Serbian, Kegan Messmer

Honors Theses and Capstones

This study attempts to use three different kinds of n-gram text classification models to differentiate the standard forms of Croatian, Bosnian, and Serbian. These three languages, along with Montenegrin, were once considered one language, collectively termed “Serbo-Croatian”. These languages share a common South Slavic ancestry, and there is an argument to be made that their novel status as distinct languages is due to non-linguistic factors, such as culture and politics. This study uses 300,000 sentences from each language, sourced from Wikipedia pages written in the standard forms of each language. Three different classifiers were used: one unigram, one bigram, and …

Lexico-Grammatical Analysis Of Translated Japanese Immigration Law, Kasumi Arciaga

Journal of English and Applied Linguistics

Legal language is a specialized language. However, it is not universal, although its uniqueness and specialty in every legal language are ubiquitous. The lexical and grammatical aspects of legal texts have not been the subject of much attention as there is an evident dearth of research on this aspect of the legal language. The present study is, therefore, the first study that has looked at lexical and grammatical features of the Japanese immigration law, which has been translated into English. The sum of 70,000 words in selected immigration acts, which were translated from 2020 to 2021, was used as data …

Preparing Global South Accountants To Be 'Superstar' Communicators, Pia Patricia P. Tenedero

Journal of English and Applied Linguistics

This paper investigates how universities in the Philippines prepare accounting students for communication in global workplaces. As an emerging global leader in offshore accounting services, the Philippines is seeing a growing demand for communicatively competent accountants who can be deployed globally. This trend consequently places a greater onus on the higher education system to produce accounting graduates who can communicate effectively. This paper examines what constitutes “effective communication” in the context of two Manila-based, top-performing accounting schools. Using ethnographic data, I examine how communication is entextualized in curricular documents and how these notions are enacted in classroom interactions. Analysis of …