Economics Commons^™

State Of The Northwest Arkansas Region 2022 Report, Mervin Jebaraj

State of the Northwest Arkansas Region Report

The State of the Northwest Arkansas Region Report is an annual publication, commissioned by the Northwest Arkansas Council, that serves as a tool for evaluating economic performance. In July 2018, the Northwest Arkansas Council created a new blueprint for development in which Northwest Arkansas is benchmarked with other contemporary, high-performing regions, namely Austin, Des Moines, Madison, Durham-Chapel Hill, Raleigh and Provo-Orem.

The 2022 report compares Northwest Arkansas with these geographies in gross domestic product, employment, unemployment, establishment growth, median household income, average annual wages, poverty, educational attainment, research and development, homeownership costs, commuting time, and average domestic airfares. The following …

Economic Interdependence And Conflict: An International Relations Theory Analysis, Sam M. Arkin

Glatfelter Gazette

Theories of International Relations are constructed to help make sense of how power is divided amongst international actors. Three prominent theories: Realism, Liberalism, and Neo-Marxism, interpret international phenomena differently based on their assumptions about structures of global power. Economic interdependence is seen by each theory to impact who has power and how that power is maintained. These theories diverge in interpreting how economic interdependence impacts forms of conflict. These pieces do not interpret which theory is correct but work to emphasize the contextual foundations and analytical framework for how each theory perceives the entanglement of economic interdependence and conflict.

Perceptions Of The Economy And Employment In Nonmetropolitan Nebraska: 2022 Nebraska Rural Poll Results, Rebecca J. Vogt, Heather Akin, Cheryl A. Burkhart-Kriesel, Bradley Lubben, L. J. Mcelravy, Timothy Meyer, Steven A. Schulz, Amanda Tupper

Nebraska Rural Poll

Most rural Nebraskans believe most of the listed economic items will become worse or much worse over the next 12 months when asked in May and June. Almost nine in ten think the following will become worse: inflation, gasoline or diesel fuel prices, grocery prices, and interest rates. In fact, at least four in ten rural Nebraskans believe the following items will become much worse in the next 12 months: gasoline or diesel fuel prices, inflation, grocery prices, and healthcare costs. The two items that had less than one-half believing they would become worse or much worse during the next …

The Economic Impact Of Victoria Regional Airport (Texas), Christian Glupker, Paul Isely

Other Faculty Publications

SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC IMPACT

• A combined economic impact of $44.7 million in economic activity, generating $11.4 million in earnings and supporting 171 jobs. The total economic output includes $12.0 million in indirect and induced economic activity, with approximately 41% ($4.9 million) occurring in the city of Victoria.
• Victoria Reginal Airport's annual spending of $2.8 million generates $4.4 million in total output and supports 23 jobs. The total economic output includes $1.6 million in indirect and induced economic activity.
• Skywest Airlines and TSA operations generate $6.6 million in economic activity and supports approximately 30 jobs. The economic activity includes $2.1 million …

Financial Connectedness And Risk Transmission Among Mena Countries: Evidence From Connectedness Network And Clustering Analysis, Mehmet Balcilar, Ahmed H. Elsayed, Shawkat Hammoudeh

Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies

This study examines the financial connectedness and risk transmission among MENA economies by accounting for financial connectedness in the short and long run as well dependency under extreme market conditions and network graph analysis. To this end, Composite Financial Stress Indices are constructed for 11 MENA countries. In addition, a battery of econometric models is applied including the standard spillover approach, the frequency domain method, the quantile connectedness technique, and connectedness networks analysis. Using daily data over the period from June 30, 2006 to June 30, 2021, the empirical results show a positive and strong association between financial stress co-movements …

Econ 631: Econometrics Ii, John Gardner

GMAS Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Economic Perceptions And Potential Within La Marsa, Dean Roiland

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This research largely focuses on the perspectives of the Tunisian youth in regards to the unemployment situation they are being faced with. These perspectives carry many insights as to the problems in Tunisia and the potential solutions to these problems. Background research was conducted to examine the specifics of the economic situation and how it ended up in such a state. The Tunisian economy was found to be heavily suffering from high unemployment, high inflation, a lack of job creation, and a lack of FDI to name a few. These negative symptoms have especially been impacting the young adults in …

Rural Microfinance And Business Ownership Outcomes A Case Of Tanzania Educational And Micro Business Opportunity (Tembo) Loan And Non-Loan Recipients In Longido District, Tanzania, Owen Conlin

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The study takes place in a rural area of Tanzania with gender barriers that are extremely difficult to overcome on a cultural level. This research examines outcomes for women in Longido District, Tanzania along the lines of MFI participation, education levels, financial variables, and empowerment variables. This study intends to elaborate this theory by examining the role that education plays in the success of Microfinance Institutions (MFI’s). It was found that MFI participation is correlated with increased financial and overall independence. Higher levels of education are found to be correlated with increased income, financial independence, personal empowerment, and overall independence. …

“For A Better Future”: The Impact Of Labor Migration On Families In Samoa, Rebekah Underwood

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This research sought to investigate the motivations, benefits, and consequences of international labor migration on Samoan families. Seasonal worker schemes in New Zealand and Australia were generally found to be beneficial to families given the tangible and material benefits it provided to them. The benefits of remittances were found to have been multiplied through investment in the village of Poutasi to increase industry and job opportunities. A lack of economic opportunity in Samoa was implicated in the motivation and beneficiality of participation in labor schemes and may have increased due to the Covid-19 Pandemic. Family was at the forefront of …

Determining Suitable Green Biorefinery Locations In Ireland For Irish Agriculture Using Co-Design, Economic And Geographical Information Systems, Alice Hand

Theses

The aim of this thesis is to investigate potential locations for a suitable green biorefinery model in Ireland, which would offer an opportunity for sustainable diversification to grassland farmers. A mixed method approach was used to collect data to support the design and analyse a green biorefinery model. A three phased methodology was applied representing the Co-design, Economic and the Geographical Information Systems analysis phase. Key stakeholders identified in the co-design phase included farmers, cooperatives, market partners as having a direct impact on a biorefinery. This provided insight to the farmers preferred model. Using these findings, an economic assessment was …

Assessing The Effectiveness Of The Emergency Liquidity Assistance Tool In The Euro Area, Eleftheria Kostika, Nikiforos T. Laopodis

Business Faculty Publications

We examine the role and the efficiency of the emergency liquidity assistance (ELA) tool in the Euro area which has been used to confront the contagion in the banking sector and the illiquid financial market conditions. We study four European countries (Belgium, Cyprus, Greece, and Ireland), which have received substantial ELA since the 2008 financial crisis. Through Bayesian VAR models, we seek to determine the effectiveness of national central bank lending, which includes the amount of ELA received by the domestic banking sector, an assessment of the direct effect of ELA on banks' liquidity and lending through deposits thus allowing …

Cities In A Pandemic: Evidence From China, Badi H. Baltagi, Ying Deng, Jing Li, Zhenlin Yang

Center for Policy Research

This paper studies the impact of urban density, city government efficiency, and medical resources on COVID-19 infection and death outcomes in China. We adopt a simultaneous spatial dynamic panel data model to account for (i) the simultaneity of infection and death outcomes, (ii) the spatial pattern of the transmission, (iii) the inter-temporal dynamics of the disease, and (iv) the unobserved city- and time-specific effects. We find that, while population density increases the level of infections, government efficiency significantly mitigates the negative impact of urban density. We also find that the availability of medical resources improves public health outcomes conditional on …

State Capitalism’S Inability To Alter The Global Power Structure, Michael R. Woods

Student Publications

In the modern day, many nations have instituted State Capitalist policies to grow their economies and increase their international influence. To evaluate the efficacy of this strategy, this paper analyzes the historical impacts of State Capitalism, as well as its effects upon economic concepts, including competition and innovation. This work also analyzes the ways in which State Capitalist policies have negatively impacted the international reputations of nations such as Russia and China and explores the specific national characteristics and circumstances that are required to truly alter the global power structure. Ultimately, the work concludes that state capitalism is unlikely to …

Online Interactive Pedagogical Tools For The Principles Of Microeconomics Curriculum, Amy Ehinomen Eremionkhale, Mya Eveland, Shelby Frost, J. Todd Swarthout

Business Analytics Faculty Publications

We discuss over one hundred interactive learning tools that we created and piloted in introductory open-education (OER) microeconomics classes. These interactive tools cover a wide range of microeconomics topics. They are highly randomized so that the presented scenario and correct answers are different on each usage of a tool, which not only provides students with unlimited practice attempts, but also significantly reduces the possibility of cheating by sharing answers. These tools can be uploaded into most learning management systems, and scores are automatically recorded. Student feedback is positive. The tools are available to others at no monetary cost at http://econreimagined.gsu.edu …

Encouraging Social Entrepreneurship, Kanyaporn Skutalakul

Asian Management Insights

It’s about taking the first steps.

The Personal Saving Rate: Data Revisions And Forecasts, Dean Croushore, Pedro Del Monaco Santos

Economics Faculty Publications

Revisions to the U.S. personal saving rate are very large and may be predictable. We decompose the revisions of the personal saving rate into those caused by revisions to income and those caused by revisions to household outlays. We use our findings to explore the forecastability of future revisions of the personal saving rate.

Borderplex Business Barometer, Volume 6, Number 10, Thomas M. Fullerton Jr., Steven L. Fullerton

Border Region Modeling Project

No abstract provided.

Mechanism And Empirical Analysis Of The Optimization And Upgrading Of The Tourism Industry Structure—Takes Western Jilin As An Example, Xu Bo, Alaa N. Abukhalifeh, Yichao Wu, Qiong Zhao, Xinbo Zhou, Biao Gao

University of South Florida (USF) M3 Publishing

This paper analyzes the role of the structure of tourism has been improved and upgraded on the industrial development. The research, especially the relevant data analysis of Western Jilin, provides good data support for this research. Secondly, this article starts from the seven elements of the tourism industry structure, analyzes the accommodation, catering and transportation aspects, and proposes different measures according to the different situation of each city. Finally, from the perspective of the internal development of the tourism industry structure, this paper makes relevant suggestions on the tourism industry structure in Western Jilin. Improve the tourism service facilities, establish …

工時有幾長？貧窮新一代的就業與貧窮報告, 嶺南大學政策研究院, 嶺南大學文化研究及發展中心, Ngai Pun, Shi Chi Leung, Peier Chen, Haocheng Yang, Man Kit Chui, Nga Man Wong

CCRD Research Report

近年，社會出現有關年輕人「躺平」的討論，指年輕新一代不願找工作、不願勤奮加班、不規構未來。教育局局長楊潤雄亦曾在網誌撰文表示憂慮，批評「躺平這種消極的人生心態，長遠會窒礙社會的進步」。

不過，根據香港政府統計處2021年收入及工時按年統計調查報告， 2021年5月至6月，15至24歲及25至34歲受訪者每周的工作時數中位數分別為44.3及42小時，比亞洲其他國家要高；而2022年4至6月，20至24歲及25至29歲的勞動人口參與率分別為53.5%及87%，後者更是所有年齡組別中第二高（僅次於30至34歲年齡組別），反映年輕人並沒有不願意長時間工作和就業，與成年人無異。

另外，根據中大亞太研究所於本年四月進行的一項調查，超過半數受訪者認為香港社會並沒有足夠機會與年輕一代向上流動，更有六成半受訪者認為，現時香港向上流動的機會比過去10年要少。

在是次研究中，發現有不少手持大學文憑的畢業生甫踏入社會，便從事三行、保安、飲食業等藍領工種，以體力勞動換取更高薪酬。文職的工作機會雖不算難找，但對於畢業生來說，待遇多不及前者；初入職場的年輕人便要忍受長工時以換取較可觀的薪金，更因長期體力勞動及工作環境惡劣，導致工傷或患上職業病，造成不可逆轉的傷害；選擇白領工作的年輕人則花空餘時間研究創業路向，望有天可擺脫低工資、長OT的工作常態。

年輕人是社會重要的群體，促進社會不同面向的發展和進步。勞工議題，正正就是影響年輕人最深遠的問題。不過，社會一般會把青年遇到的問題視為過渡性現象，隨著他們成長而消失。坊間少有深入討論，以致一般年輕人以為工作的沉重是理所當然，對自身的勞工權益鮮有認識。

上述所提及的年輕人工時長的狀況，窒礙他們在成長階段的探索，因長工時影響反心健康、無法進修、交結朋友、和家人相處及了解自我。工時長等問題在港是老生常談，卻是待解決的重要議題。香港人多年來一直受長工時的困擾，回顧香港的工時政策，卻未見突破。由勞顧會於2018年宣布推出「11個行業工時指引」，距今已4年，仍未見進展。更何況，指引的條文亦不適用於大部份長工時的打工仔女，例如只保障月薪不超過1.1萬元作為界定工資較低的基層僱員的工資線等規定。可見，像過往一樣，政府及商界等對標準工時並不持開放態度。

誠然，參考不同地區及國家的工時政策，香港則顯得相當落後。中國、日本、台灣、韓國及新加坡均有明確法例規管工時，如超時工作的補水機制、每天工作8小時作為標準工時等。如香港政策要推行工時相關的政策，大有參考例子。本報告亦整合及分析了上述地區的工時政策，有助了解其他地區的勞工法例。

是次研究探討了現行的工時政策下香港年輕僱員的工作現況。透過深入訪談及問卷調查，發現長工時與生理、心理、社交及家庭關係的影響，以及就研究結果提倡相應的政策改革，讓社會大眾及年輕人自身了解他們的勞動現況，剖析處境並提出有效的改善方針。

The Economic Impact Of Keeneland Race Course On The Lexington Metro Area With Projections For This Year’S Breeders Cup, Thomas E. Lambert

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Keeneland Race Course in Lexington, Kentucky has had a long tradition for quality horse racing going back to its inception in 1936 (Keeneland 2022). With the 2022 Breeders’ Cup World Championships coming to the race track this November, this paper examines what economic impact the race track has on the Lexington metro area (Bourbon, Clark, Fayette, Jessamine, Scott, and Woodford counties in Kentucky) on an annual basis and how the 2022 Breeders’ Cup will boost the impact of the race track when compared to a typical year.

British Public Investment, Government Spending, Housing, And The Industrial Revolution: A Study Of Governmental And Social Surplus Absorption, Thomas E. Lambert

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

When it comes to the British Industrial Revolution of the 18^th Century, much of the mainstream economics literature has tended to focus on how property rights, limitations on the crown or government, and changes in agricultural and manufacturing techniques have caused a great transformation in the nation’s economic formation. Marxian and other heterodox economics views acknowledge these developments but also emphasize the enclosure movement and the development of a class of people that becomes an exploited proletariat. Both sets of views acknowledge the role of the British government in facilitating the Industrial Revolution, but in doing a review for …

Willingness To Pay For Policies To Reduce Health Risks From Covid-19: Evidence From U.S. Professional Sports, Brad Humphreys, Gary A. Wagner, John C. Whitehead, Pamela Wicker

Economics Faculty Working Papers Series

Airborne transmission of COVID-19 increased the need for health policies to reduce transmission in congregate settings associated with minimal risk before the pandemic. While a large literature estimates tradeoffs between policies designed to reduce negative health outcomes, no empirical research addresses consumer willingness to pay for health policies designed to reduce airborne virus transmission. Using survey data from 1,381 fans of professional sports teams, we estimate consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for reduced likelihood of coronavirus transmission through mask and social distancing policies using a stated preference approach. The results indicate increased attendance likelihood if the venue requires masks and …

The Effect Of Monitoring And Crowds On Crime And Law Enforcement: A Natural Experiment From European Football, Brad R. Humphreys, Alexander Marsella, Levi Perez

Economics Faculty Working Papers Series

Technological advancements like the presence of smart phones and body cameras have led to increased monitoring of police, but little evidence exists on their impact. We address these problems using data on fouls from football matches in five European football leagues over six seasons. This period contains exogenous changes in monitoring rule enforcers through introduction of Video Assistant Referee review and limited "bystanders" from Covid-19 restrictions. Results from difference-in-differences models estimated separately for each league indicate that both events influenced the number of fouls called with substantial heterogeneity across leagues and home/away teams.

Evolving Swiss Neutrality: Foreign Policy, Identity, And A Changing World, Dan A. Cohen

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In the minds of many, both within Switzerland and abroad, when one thinks of Switzerland one thinks neutrality, and often when one thinks neutrality one thinks Switzerland. It is perhaps for this reason that when Switzerland chose to sanction Russia much of the world was caught by surprise. Sensationalist newspapers were quick to jump to the conclusion that the age of Swiss neutrality is over. The government insists that there isn’t a kernel of truth in the matter. However, as is always the case, the truth is much more nuanced than either extreme. Using previous publications, current and historical data …

Market Feminism In Morocco, Claire Madsen

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Despite widespread views of “Moroccan Exceptionalism,” Morocco continues to rank poorly on international evaluations of gender equality. This project seeks to understand the extent of the influence neoliberal economic forces in Morocco have had on the feminist landscape. Analysis of Moroccan political history, Foucauldian theories of power relations, and relevant literature on state feminism set the groundwork for the evaluation of the extent state feminism in Morocco can be understood as market-based, in accordance with the definition from From State Feminism to Market Feminsim (2012) by Kantola and Squires. Through interviews of three experts, three meetings with women’s empowerment NGOs, …

The Effects Of Trauma And Statelessness On Refugee Employment Outcomes, Seth Hershberger

Theses and Dissertations

An empirical study, this paper examines the relationship of pre-resettlement refugee characteristics on their respective economic outcomes post-resettlement. In particular, it places special focus on the correlation that a refugee’s level of trauma and duration of statelessness, or time spent in a temporary country of asylum, have with that refugee’s real wages, probability of being employed at 180 days post-resettlement, and duration of initial unemployment in the country of final resettlement. Through the development of three sets of models, this paper finds a quadratic relationship between the length of a refugee’s statelessness and real wages post-resettlement, where increases in duration …

Litigation With Negative Expected Value Suits: An Experimental Analysis, Cary Deck, Paul Pecorino, Michael Solomon

ESI Working Papers

The existence of lawsuits providing plaintiffs a negative expected value (NEV) at trial has important theoretical implications for signaling models of litigation. The signaling equilibrium possible absent NEV suits breaks down with NEV suits because plaintiffs do not have a credible threat to proceed to trial undermining the ability to signal type. Using a laboratory experiment, we analyze behavior with and without the possibility of NEV suits. Absent NEV suits, behavior largely follows predicted patterns. However, the possibility of NEV suits does not cause the signaling equilibrium to unravel and does not cause the dispute rate to increase. Plaintiffs only …

Digital Nudging: Potentional And Pitfalls, Avishalom Tor

Journal Articles

From the Article

Digital nudges — that is, significantly behavioral interventions that use software and its user-interface design elements — are an increasingly pervasive feature of online environments that can shape people’s behavior both online (e.g. changing website cookie settings) and offline (e.g. taking a flu vaccine due to a text message reminder). While sharing many characteristics of offline behavioral interventions, digital nudges merit specific attention and analysis due to their growing ubiquity and potential potency, the opacity of their technological and behavioral mechanisms, and the central role of private actors in their implementation.

Commonality In Credit Spread Changes: Dealer Inventory And Intermediary Distress, Zhiguo He, Paymon Khorrami, Zhaogang Song

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Two intermediary-based factors—a corporate bond dealer inventory measure and a broad intermediary distress measure—explain more than 40% of the puzzling common variation in credit spread changes beyond canonical structural factors. A simple intermediary-based model with partial market segmentation accounts for intermediary factors’ explanatory power and delivers three further implications with empirical support. First, whereas bond sorts on risk-related variables produce monotonic loading patterns on intermediary factors, non-risk-related sorts produce no pattern. Second, dealer inventory comoves with corporate-credit assets only, whereas intermediary distress comoves with both corporate-credit and non-corporate-credit assets. Third, dealers’ inventory responds to (instrumented) bond sales by institutional investors.

Made In Singapore, Pao-Li Chang, Tran Bao Phuong Nguyen

Research Collection School Of Economics

In this paper, we characterize the position of Singapore in global value chains and identify Singapore’s key upstream and downstream trade partners. We trace how the position of Singapore in global value chains has changed in the past two decades: whether it has moved upstream or downstream, how involved it is in global value chains, how its trend compares with the other major Asian exporters (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong), and which key sectors of Singapore play a major role in these global trade networks.