Economics Commons^™

Does Body Mass Index Influence Intraoperative Costs And Operative Times For Open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion? A Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing Analysis, Danyal A. Quraishi, Advith Sarikonda, Dwight M. Self, Emily Isch, Steven R. Glener, Arbaz A. Momin, Ashmal Sami, Nicholas Clark, Joshua Pelta-Heller, Srinivas Prasad, Ashwini Sharan, Jack Jallo, James Harrop, Alex R. Vaccaro, Ahilan Sivaganesan

Department of Neuroscience Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of obesity has raised concerns about its impact on surgical outcomes and healthcare costs. This study evaluates the influence of Body Mass Index (BMI) on intraoperative costs and operative times during open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) procedures using a Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) approach.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 279 patients who underwent TLIF between 2019 and 2022. Patients were categorized into 5 BMI cohorts: healthy weight (BMI 18.5-24.99), overweight (BMI 25.0-29.99), Class I obese (BMI 30.0-34.99), Class II obese (BMI 35.0-39.99), and Class III obese (BMI >40). Intraoperative costs were calculated using …

Suburbanization As A Post-Industrial Essentiality: Revisiting Sweden's Miljonprogrammet, Colin Wood

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

Definitively speaking, suburbanization does not equate to post-industrialism in the same limelight as would urbanization and industrialism. However, anomalous cases, such as the one being discussed in this paper, tangentially interlink on a socioeconomic basis. In 1965, Sweden began construction of the Miljonprogrammet (Million Programme), where over the next ten years, over one million domiciles were built in a suburban setting leading to a mass diaspora of ‘slum living’ Swedish industrial workers. The nation’s renowned welfare state, built on a collaborative system between public and private sectors as well as federal and municipal actors, overlooked housing in its social …

Correspondence (Red), Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Email from Ed Tenner regarding an article in PAW (1/20/1996)

• Letter to Bronwen Meredith recommending Tom Palley (6/28/1996)

• Letter to Berooz Adelzadeh regarding Shaikh’s brother visiting South Africa (3/27/1996)

• Email from Neil H. Buchanan regarding life and thoughts on Social Security (2/26/1996)

• Email from Buchanan regarding research on interest rates (3/25/1996)

• Email from Jesus Felipe regarding a recent conference and theoretical questions (9/28/1997)

• Email from Maria Karamessini expressing interest in meeting Shaikh during a visit to Greece (10/8/1997)

• Email to Robert Chernomas regarding the economic recovery (12/19/1997)

• Graphs of profit rates

• Fax from Chernomas asking about the …

  ---

  Go to article

Pasinetti Correspondence, Anwar Shaikh Phd, Luigi Pasinetti Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes correspondences with Luigi Pasinetti, including:

• Letter to Shaikh thanking him for sending a copy of his paper on Marx's theory and the transformation problem (May 2, 1975)

• Letter encouraging Shaikh not to be overburdened by teaching and to continue research (July 29, 1974)

• Letter commenting on Shaikh's Humbug production function paper (May 31, 1974)

• Letter thanking Shaikh for comments on Pasinetti's lectures (June 11, 1972)

• Letter encouraging Shaikh to publish his Humbug paper in Review of Economics and Statistics (May 5, 1972)

• Letter to Pasinetti regarding his Humbug paper and lecture notes (May 30, 1972)

• Letter to …

  ---

  Go to article

Assorted Articles And Correspondence, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection contains:

• Background materials for a report by the U.S. Trade Deficit Review Commission (October 21, 1998).

• Program for the Seatini Expert Meeting on Financing for Development, Geneva (May 10, 2001).

• Handwritten letters to Professor Shaikh from B. Schefold (February 1974).

• Program for a New School conference titled Franco Modigliani and the Keynesian Legacy (April 14, 2005).

• From the Left: Anwar A. Shaikh; The Crisis Underneath (New York Times, November 1, 1987).

• McCarthy, S. (1987, November 26). Left-leaning analysts blame crash on fundamental woes of capitalism. The Ottawa Citizen.

• Mittelstaedt, M. (1987, October). The crash …

  ---

  Go to article

Correspondence Blue, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection contains:

• Letter to Robert Fitch from Anwar Shaikh regarding a paper on rates of profit (May 21, 1979)

• Letter to Nicholas X. Rizopoulos accepting an offer of research fellowship at The Lehrman Institute (May 17, 1979)

• Letter from Nicholas X. Rizopoulos offering the research fellowship to Professor Shaikh (May 4, 1979)

• Letter to Robert A. Blecker regarding an article to be published in Science and Society (May 7, 1979)

• Letter from Robert A. Blecker commenting on and questioning points in a draft of Shaikh’s On the Laws of International Exchange (April 16, 1979)

• Letter to Chris Hoff regarding …

  ---

  Go to article

Humbug Paper, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection contains:

• Letter to George H. Borts containing Shaikh's paper The So-Called Transformation Problem (May 11, 1973)

• Letter from Edward J. Nell with comments on Shaikh's paper (March 1, 1972)

• Letter to Review of Economics and Statistics with Shaikh's paper (May 30, 1972)

• Letter of receipt from Review of Economics and Statistics (June 1, 1972)

• Reply by Shaikh containing additional copies (June 5, 1972)

• Letter from a person at University of Bristol requesting a copy of the paper (November 13, 1972)

• Letter to Review of Economics and Statistics requesting a status update regarding his paper Laws of Algebra and …

  ---

  Go to article

Evaluation Of Financial Risk Protection Provided By Private Health Insurance In Malaysia, Ng Rui Jie

Student Works (2020-2029)

Private health insurance (PHI) has emerged as an alternative health financing option to public health financing, with the goal of achieving and maintaining universal health coverage. Despite its growing prominence, there is ongoing debate about the extent to which PHI contributes to financial risk protection. In Malaysia, the prevalence of PHI coverage has increased due to factors such as an expanding affluent demographic, government encouragement, and challenges in public healthcare delivery. However, there have been very limited studies assessing the financial risk protection provided by PHI in Malaysia, making this a critical gap that this research aims to address. To …

Firm-Level Climate Change Risk And Corporate Debt Maturity, John W. Goodell, Alessia Palma, Andrea Paltrinieri, Stefano Piserà

University Research

Exploiting a sample of worldwide listed firms, we explore the effect of firm-level climate change exposure on debt maturity structure. We find that climate change risk is negatively and statistically significantly associated with long-term maturity debt issuance. Further, we find that the climate change risk-debt maturity structure relationship is non-linear and changes according to firm-specific, country legal origins and macroeconomic conditions. We confirm our results by running several robustness tests to reduce endogeneity concerns, sample selection biases, and econometric model specification. Taken together, our evidence reveals firm debt maturity preferences when climate change risk increases, extending the literature on both …

Moving From ‘Managing Stakeholders’ To ‘Managing For Stakeholders’: The Imperative For Responsible Business, Meena Raghunathan, Kara Li Liu

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

Gone are the days when it was accepted that shareholders were the ones for whose benefit business was done, and that the purpose of business was to maximize returns to shareholders. Today, it is universally accepted that a business has to look beyond maximizing profits. It has to take into account the needs all stakeholders, including the environment.

Several frameworks and approaches have been advocated to achieve the objective of optimizing the value of the corporation from multiple angles, including Triple Bottom Line, Responsible Business, Sustainability, Corporate Social Responsibility, etc. At the heart of all these concepts is the issue …

Grieving & Swiping: Online Dating As Consumers' Post-Breakup Resolution, Zeynep Ozdamar Ertekin, Salih Kural, İrem Taştan

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

This study explores the underlying motivations of consumers’ usage of online dating applications after the breakup of romantic relationships. The experiences of young-adult consumers who went through post-breakup grief are investigated through in-depth interviews. Findings resulted in twelve categories of motivations that participating consumers had regarding their usage of dating apps, in relation to managing the grief after breakup. Motivations are grouped under the categories of coping, updating, and desiring. Moreover, findings also demonstrated diverging pathways in using dating apps for emotional resolution. The study contributes to our understanding of dating app usage by highlighting important insights from consumers who …

From Socially Responsible Enterprises To Crypto-Anarchy: We Cover Quite A Range, Nikhilesh Dholakia, Deniz Atik, Delphine Godefroit-Winkel

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

No abstract provided.

Did Medicaid Expansion Help Mitigate Self-Reported Health Issues Among People With Chronic Health Conditions During The Covid-19 Pandemic?, Rajendra Dulal, Umesh Ghimire

Pennsylvania Economic Review

Our study investigates the impact of Medicaid expansion during the pandemic, focusing on health insurance coverage and self-reported health among individuals with chronic health conditions. Utilizing 2 years of pre-pandemic and 2 years of during-pandemic data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), we apply a difference-in-difference (DID) model to evaluate these effects. We find an increase in insurance coverage and a decrease in poor physical health days among individuals with chronic conditions in states that expanded Medicaid compared to non-expansion states. However, the impact on mental health remains inconclusive. Furthermore, we observe no significant impact of Medicaid expansion …

Survey Of The Labor Market For New Ph.D. Hires In Economics 2025-2026, Kashfia Kamal, Mervin Jebaraj, Raja Kali

Labor Market Survey

This year, the survey questionnaire was sent to 478 organizations. Questionnaires were returned by 145 organizations (30.3 percent). Of this year’s responses, 78 (53.8 percent) were from those who responded to the last survey conducted for the 2024-25 academic year. Among the academic institutions responding, the distribution of highest degrees offered was as follows: Ph.D.—43.4 percent; Master’s—11 percent and Bachelor’s—44.8 percent.

The responses are reported for all respondents, and separately for Ph.D. Degree granting institutions and for schools whose highest degree offered is the Bachelor’s or Master’s Degree. Data for the top 30 institutions in the revised National Research Council’s …

A New Value Investment Formula For Turing Complete Blockchains With Proof Of Stake Algorithm, Francesco Spinoglio

Journal of New Finance

This paper proposes an adaptation of Benjamin Graham's value investment formula to the context of Turing complete blockchains with proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus algorithm. The research examines the specific characteristics of these blockchains, taking into account metrics such as total value locked (TVL), Network Value to Transaction Ratio (NVT), average benchmark reward rate and annual rewards received for staking. A methodology will be developed that integrates Graham's fundamental principles with the economic and technical particularities of the crypto ecosystem, providing a robust framework for the evaluation of digital assets in these innovative environments.

Resident Participation Survey, Regional And Economic Planning Services, W.E. Upjohn Institute For Employment Research

Reports

No abstract provided.

The Cashew Nut Industry In Mongu District: Origins, Development, And Impact, 1972–2011, Namushi Situtu

Zambia Social Science Journal

This article explores the contribution of the cashew nut industry to the economic development of Mongu district. The industry was introduced in Mongu district after the Zambian government embarked on the creation of agricultural schemes to reduce the economic imbalance, inherited from the colonial government, between urban and rural areas. The new United National Independence Party government, which came to power in 1964, wanted to develop rural areas through an improved peasantry class. This led to the establishment of agricultural schemes in various rural parts of the country. Due to the sandy terrain of Mongu district, the cashew nut industry …

No. 87: Mythologies Of Mixed Migration And The Southern Route, Jonathan Crush, Zack Ahmed

Southern African Migration Programme

In Africa, various international organizations have promoted “mixed migration” as a new governance challenge requiring innovative policy responses. The narrative, which has been repurposed from discussions on African migration to Europe to include intra-African movements, positions migration flows as primarily irregular, organized and driven by smugglers, and requiring tight control by states. This report shows that textual and cartographic representations of the so-called Southern Route are a form of cartopolitics, constructing migration as a permanent flow of irregular migrants from a singular origin toward a common destination. By portraying migration as solely a function of smuggling and coercion, the Southern …

Gig Economy And Income Inequality, Utsah Thakur

Student Research

The dramatic expansion of the gig economy in the United States has led to a transition from traditional labor markets to a more flexible structure creating opportunities for alternate income sources. While the gig economy provides more work opportunities for low-skilled workers, there are also concerns about the role that it may play in contributing to income inequality. This research explores the spatio-temporal relationship between the participation of workers in the gig economy and income inequality. The study extracts individual-level data from the IPUMS dataset to compute consistent state-specific measures of participation in the gig economy and income inequality over …

The Effect Of School Shootings On Academic Outcomes For Students Of Varying Socioeconomic Status, Owen Lindstrom

Economics Honors Projects

Shootings in schools have risen dramatically over the last two decades and are one of the most pressing issues today. Between 2006 and 2016, Texas high schools suffered from 19 shootings and one fatality on school grounds. This study analyzes the impact of school shootings on educational outcomes for students of different socioeconomic status using public education data from Texas at the high school campus level. I first used matched difference in differences and matched triple difference in differences methods, however, these suffer from biases because of heterogeneous timing of treatment. To adjust for this, I include an event study …

An Evaluation Of Nhmrc Funded Dementia And Diabetes Research, Etienne Vignola-Gagné Phd, Dmitrii Malkov, Elisabeth Browning, Jörg Hellwig Phd, Luigi Rocco Phd, Henrique Pinheiro, Alexandre Bédard-Vallée

Public Reports

This report, commissioned by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), provides comprehensive insights into the research outputs, outcomes, and impacts of NHMRC-funded health and medical research in the areas of dementia and diabetes to support NHMRC's mission of ‘building a healthy Australia.’

Cost-Effectiveness Of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy Versus Standard Of Care For Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression, Yosr Ziadi

Theses and Dissertations

Objectives: Patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) experience high relapse rates and a relentless cycle of ineffective treatments, significantly impairing their quality of life and burdening healthcare resources. Psilocybin has emerged as a promising alternative, offering rapid and sustained symptom relief. However, its cost-effectiveness remains unexplored. This study conducted a pioneering cost-effectiveness analysis of psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) versus standard care (SoC) for individuals with TRD using a Markov model from a U.S. healthcare perspective. Methods: The model, parameterized by randomized trial efficacy data and a micro-costing approach, simulated patient transitions every six-week cycle, consistent with American Psychiatric Association guidelines. Outcomes focused …

Has The Iasb Successfully Achieved Its Stated Goals? A Literature Synthesis And Theoretical Model, Stephen B. Salter, Hong Kim Duong, Gaurav Gupta

Accounting Faculty Publications

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has been successful in achieving its stated objective of enhancing the comparability of financial reports produced across the globe. According to IFRS.org, "IFRS Accounting Standards bring transparency by enhancing the international comparability and quality of financial information, enabling investors and other market participants to make informed economic decisions." To meet our research objective, we summarize the research on international financial reporting standards (IFRS) found in seven relevant ABDC A and A* journals for 2016-2021. Based on the examination of published research, we create a model …

Effects Of Regulations On Digital Asset Prices: Evidence From The Counter-Strike Game Series, John Logan Stewart

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Counter-Strike: Global Offensive and Counter-Strike 2 are first-person-shooter video games in which players can own cosmetics for their weapons, known as “skins”. These skins can be traded, bought, or sold through various means. This study seeks to examine the effects of a regulation implemented by developers of the game which banned the sale and trade of a common tax-free medium of exchange (case keys) for these skins and seeks to classify them as either a utility-based collectible or purely a digital commodity like cryptocurrencies. Using a novel and expansive panel data set gathered from the Steam Market and econometric models …

Capturing Non-Linearity Between Household Debt And Gdp: A Deep Var Approach, Bram Nutt

Economics Honors Projects

Household debt plays a significant role in shaping the macroeconomy. The relationship between growth and household debt is nonlinear; however, most research regarding household debt and GDP utilizes linear techniques. Using a Deep Vector Autoregression (Deep VAR) model, a recursive neural network-based approach that has been shown to outperform linear alternatives, I analyze the relationship between household debt and GDP using quarterly data from an unbalanced panel of 39 countries over the past 40 years. The Deep VAR outperforms linear alternatives, further providing evidence that the relationship between household debt and GDP is non-linear. Using impulse response functions (IRF), I …

The Employment Effects Of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions During The Covid-19 Pandemic In The United States, Christine Oduor

Economics Honors Projects

This paper analyzes the impacts of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) and Economic Support policies on employment across U.S. states during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. It utilizes a Two-Way Fixed Effects estimator to assess the overall impacts of these policies, along with sector-level analysis over different time snapshots to understand the effects on various employment sectors at different time periods, extending to August 2024. The results show that stricter NPIs negatively affected employment, especially in close-contact industries like leisure and hospitality. Business services employment sectors were the least affected and recovered quicker post-pandemic. Economic support policies partially mitigated these effects, with …

Risk, Routes, And Media Reports: The Impacts Of Perceptions Of Crime On Bus Ridership In Minneapolis And Saint Paul, Christina Spicher

Economics Honors Projects

By collecting data on media reports about crimes on or near public transit, I study how changes in perceptions of crime affect bus ridership at the route level in Minneapolis and Saint Paul between 2015-2019. Treating the publication dates of these media reports as events, I perform panel event studies. Based on these models, I find no statistically significant evidence that media reporting about crimes on or near bus routes impacts ridership. With that said, my work points out important gaps in the literature where researchers and policymakers still have the opportunity to more deeply understand a key determinant of …

Cross-Sectional Household Heterogeneity In The Business Cycle, Gavin Engelstad

Economics Honors Projects

Research into the effects of business cycles often focuses on aggregate macroeconomic consequences. This paper explores the heterogeneous effects of business cycles on households at different wealth and income levels. I perform a Bayesian estimation on a HANK model to identify business cycle forces. Then, I decompose the business cycle shocks and transmission channels driving changes in household decision rules using variance and historical decompositions. I find the factors causing changes in consumption levels for households vary substantially across the income distribution and the factors causing changes in savings levels vary substantially across the wealth distribution. In addition, I find …

Breaking The Barrier: Implications Of 2024 Ruling Against Nar On Home Prices And Market Quality, Minseo Kim

Economics Honors Projects

On August 17, 2024, a court ruling changed real estate market practices that prohibit the posting of real estate agent commission rates on multiple listing services and mandate buyer contracts that specify agent commission fees. Real estate agent commissions function as intermediary transaction costs, and this ruling aims to potentially reduce these costs. Using data on single family home transactions in St. Paul, Minnesota from Zillow.com, Realtor.com, and Ram- sey County Property Tax database, I utilize a difference in difference model to examine the short-term impacts of the ruling on market dynamics in resi- dential real estate such as home …

Research Report: Confidence In Institutions, Heather Akin, Cheryl A. Burkhart-Kriesel, Mary Emery, Katelyn Larson, Bradley D. Lubben, L. J. Mcelravy, Rebecca J. Vogt

Nebraska Rural Poll

This report details 943 responses to the 2025 Nebraska Rural Poll, the 30th annual effort to understand rural Nebraskans’ perceptions. Respondents were asked a series of questions about their confidence in institutions. Trends for some of the questions are examined by comparing data from the 2017 Poll and 2021 Poll to this year’s results. In addition, comparisons are made among different respondent subgroups, that is, comparisons by age, occupation, region, etc. Based on these analyses, some key findings emerged:

• Rural Nebraskans’ confidence in many institutions did not change much during the past eight years. However, more rural Nebraskans have a …