Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Groundwater Study Of The Kellerberrin Townsite, T Cattlin

Resource management technical reports

A groundwater study of the townsite of Kellerberrin. It aimed to accelerate the implementation of effective salinity management options. The study consisted of drilling investation and installation of a piezometer network, a pumping test, groundwater flow modelling and a flood risk analysis.

Poor Water Resources And Drought In The Gujarat/Saurashtra Regions Of India, K. K. Nathan

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

Inadequate water resources pose a big threat to the economy, human activities, and livelihood in the Gujarat/Saurashtra regions of India. Scanty rainfall with wide aberrations in its distribution has made the situation worse, leading to chronic drought in the state in 2001. With the exception of the Narmada and Tapi rivers, there are hardly any water resources to sustain agricultural production in the region. The gradual disappearance of forest cover in the state has further aggravated the drought situation. This has led to large-scale erosion of the topsoil, particularly near the riverside. There is apprehension that the region will soon …

Creating A Network Of Regional Drought Preparedness Networks: A Call For Action, Donald A. Wilhite

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

Drought is a creeping, slow-onset natural hazard that is a normal part of climate for virtually all regions of the world; it results in serious economic, social, and environmental impacts. Its onset and end are often difficult to determine, as is its severity. Drought affects more people than any other natural hazard. Lessons from developed and developing countries demonstrate that drought results in significant impacts, regardless of level of development, although the character of these impacts will differ profoundly. At the Meeting on Opportunities for Sustainable Investment in Rainfed Areas of West Asia and North Africa (WANA), held in June …

Fall 2001, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

Ncri 3-D Visualization Of Coral Reef Habitat, Brian K. Walker

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Sensor-Assisted Video Mosaicing For Seafloor Mapping, Yuri Rzhanov, Randy G. Cutter Jr., Lloyd C. Huff

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

This paper discusses a proposed processing technique for combining video imagery with auxiliary sensor information. The latter greatly simplifies image processing by reducing complexity of the transformation model. The mosaics produced by this technique are adequate for many applications, in particular habitat mapping. The algorithm is demonstrated through simulations and hardware configuration is described.

Observations Of Persistent Leonid Meteor Trails 2. Photometry And Numerical Modeling, C. A. Kruschwitz, M. C. Kelley, C. S. Gardner, G. Swenson, A. Z. Liu, X. Chu, J. D. Drummond, B. W. Grime, W. T. Armstrong, J. M. C. Plane, P. Jenniskens

Physical Sciences - Daytona Beach

During the 1998 Leonid meteor shower, multi-instrument observations of persistent meteor trains were made from the Starfire Optical Range on Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, and from a secondary site in nearby Placitas, New Mexico. The University of Illinois Na resonance lidar measured the Na density and temperature in the trains, while various cameras captured images and videos of the trains, some of which were observed to persist for more than 30 min. The Na density measurements allow the contribution of Na airglow to the observed train luminescence to be quantified for the first time. To do this, persistent …

Derivation Of Del180 From Sediment Core Log Data' Implications For Millennial-Scale Climate Change In The Labrador Sea, M. E. Weber, Larry A. Mayer, C. Hillaire-Marcel, G. Bilodeau, F. Rack, R. N. Hiscott, A. E. Aksu

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Sediment core logs from six sediment cores in the Labrador Sea show millennial-scale climate variability during the last glacial by recording all Heinrich events and several major Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles. The same millennial-scale climate change is documented for surface water δ¹⁸O records of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (left coiled); hence the surface water δ¹⁸O record can be derived from sediment core logging by means of multiple linear regression, providing a paleoclimate proxy record at very high temporal resolution (70 years). For the Labrador Sea, sediment core logs contain important information about deepwater current velocities and also reflect the variable …

Acoustic Wave Heating Of The Thermosphere, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D., G. Schubert, R. L. Walterscheid

Publications

A numerical model is used to study the dissipation in the thermosphere of upward propagating acoustic waves. Whereas dissipating gravity waves can cool the upper atmosphere through the effects of sensible heat flux divergence, it is found that acoustic waves mainly heat the thermosphere by viscous dissipation. Though the amplitudes of acoustic waves in the atmosphere are poorly constrained, the calculations suggest that dissipating acoustic waves can locally heat the thermosphere at rates of tens of kelvins per day and thereby contribute to the thermospheric energy balance. It is shown that viscous heating cannot be calculated from the divergence of …

Relationships Between Synoptic-Scale Transport And Interannual Variability Of Inorganic Cations In Surface Snow At Summit, Greenland: 1992-1996, J F. Slater, Jack E. Dibb, Barry D. Keim, D W. Kahl

Earth Sciences

To fully utilize the long-term chemical records retrieved from central Greenland ice cores, specific relationships between atmospheric circulation and the variability of chemical species in the records need to be better understood. This research examines associations between the variability of surface snow inorganic cation chemistry at Summit, Greenland (collected during 1992–1996 summer field seasons) and changes in air mass transport pathways and source regions, as well as variations in aerosol source strength. Transport patterns and source regions are determined through 10-day isentropic backward air mass trajectories during a 1 month (late May to late June) common season over the 5 …

Preface: Proceedings Of The National Coral Reef Institute's International Conference On Scientific Aspects Of Coral Reef Assessment, Monitoring And Restoration, James Darwin Thomas

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

No abstract provided.

Applying Habitat Equivalency Analysis For Coral Reef Damage Assessment And Restoration, J. Walter Milon, Richard E. Dodge (Editor)

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Quantifying economic damages and restoration measures for injuries to coral reefs has been a difficult task. In the U.S., habitat equivalency analysis (HEA) has emerged as a novel tool that combines biological and economic information to identify replacement habitats of an appropriate scale to substitute for the interim losses resulting from coral reef injuries. This article provides a review of the basic principles underlying HEA and a discussion of important considerations in applying HEA. These considerations include: how to describe coral reef functions and related human uses, recovery rates of coral reef organisms at injured sites with natural and active …

Site-Dependent Differences In Artificial Reef Function: Implications For Coral Reef Restoration, Robin L. Sherman, David S. Gilliam, Richard E. Spieler

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

There is an increasing use of artificial structure in coral reef restoration (for references, see Spieler et al., this volume). Often artificial reef structures are chosen for a restoration project simply because they were used elsewhere. However, it is questionable whether the results obtained at one restoration site can be extrapolated to another. In recent years, several studies have examined the effect of artificial reef site selection on formation of associated fish, algae, and/or invertebrate assemblages (Alevizon et al., 1985; Blinova et al., 1994; Bombace et al., 1994; Caley and St. John, 1996; Chang, 1985; Haughton and Aiken, 1989; Hixon …

Artificial Substrate And Coral Reef Restoration: What Do We Need To Know To Know What We Need, Richard E. Spieler, David S. Gilliam, Robin L. Sherman

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

To use artificial substrate effectively in coral reef restoration certain basic knowledge is required: (1) what is the artificial substrate expected to accomplish relative to the goals of the restoration effort and (2) what are the expected interactions of the selected substrate’s composition, texture, orientation, and design with the damaged environment and the biota of interest. Whereas the first point is usually clear, at least in general terms, the second is not. In this review, we examine: the functions of artificial substrate in restoration and some of the physical (i.e., composition; surface texture; color and chemistry; and design in terms …

Mapping And Monitoring Of Coral Communities And Their Spatial Patterns Using A Surface-Based Video Method From A Vessel, Bernhard Riegl, Jan L. Korrubel, Charles Martin

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

No Abstract Provided.

Degradation Of Reef Structure, Coral And Fish Communities In The Red Sea By Ship Groundings And Dynamite Fisheries, Bernhard Riegl

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Reef degradation was investigated on 66 Egyptian Red Sea reefs—60 reefs for dynamite damage (using line transects) and six ship grounding sites (using 1 m sample squares). Ship groundings and dynamite fishing caused similar damage, reduction of the reef to rubble (65% of reefs were dynamited, mostly leeward, 58%). Changes in coral (line transect study) and fish communities (point count study) in impacted sites were documented. On impacted reefs, coral cover decreased, bare substratum and rubble increased, and fish dominance shifted away from Pomacentridae. Oceanographic conditions result in a stable pattern of coral communities (windward Acropora, leeward Porites). …

Airglow Variations Associated With Nonideal Ducting Of Gravity Waves In The Lower Thermosphere Region, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D.

Publications

A numerical full-wave model is used to study the response of the O2 atmospheric airglow to ducted gravity waves in the mesopause region. For an isothermal, quasi-adiabatic, and motionless background atmosphere the calculated phase differences between airglow brightness fluctuations and fluctuations of temperatures derived from the airglow, as given by Krassovsky's ratio, are in good agreement with the predictions of published theory. Significant departures from the predictions of the basic theory are obtained when we consider ducting in the presence of the eddy and molecular diffusion of heat and momentum in a nonisothermal background atmosphere. Wind shears also affect the …

Biological Survey Report For The Calypso Natural Gas Pipeline: Shore Approach Route North Of Port Everglades Entrance Channel With Landing South Of Port Everglades Entrance Channel, Richard E. Dodge, Susan L. Thornton, David S. Gilliam, Richard Shaul

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

The Calypso Natural Gas Pipeline Project (project) will include a 24-inch pipeline which will extend from the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) off the southeast Florida coastline to a shore approach at Port Everglades in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

This report, which was commissioned in May 2001 and completed in July, 2001, documents the results of a detailed biological survey of underwater marine habitats from 5 to 200 feet water depth for the pipeline route. The route, which was established based on the subsea survey that was completed in May 2001 by Williamson & Associates, Inc., includes a shore approach from the …

Improvement Of Image Alignment Using Camera Attitude Information, Yuri Rzhanov, Lloyd C. Huff, Randy G. Cutter Jr.

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

We discuss a proposed technique for incorporation of information from a variety of sensors in a video imagery processing pipeline. The auxiliary information allows one to simplify computations, effectively reducing the number of independent parameters in the transformation model. The mosaics produced by this technique are adequate for many applications, in particular habitat mapping. The algorithm, demonstrated through simulations and hardware configuration, is described in detail

Application Of Neuro-Fuzzy Technique+2:9s To Predict Ground Water Vulnerability In Northwest Arkansas, B. Dixon, H. D. Scott, J. V. Brahana, A. Mauromoustakos

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Contamination of ground water has been a major concern in recent years of local, state and federal agencies involved with the management, quality, and quantity of water and their relationships with human health. The Springfield Plateau aquifer, which lies beneath the study area in northwest Arkansas, has been shown to have higher nitrate-N (NO3-N) concentrations than the national median. The dominant landuse (LULC) of this area is agriculture (primarily pasture/cattle and woodlands) and an encroaching urbanization. The major sources of nitrogen in the study area are poultry/cattle wastes, inorganic fertilizers (Peterson et. al., 1998) and septic filter fields. Many of …

Responses Of Three Coral Communities To The 1997–98 El Niño–Southern Oscillation: Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, Joshua S. Feingold

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

One deep (13–15 m depth) and two shallow water (1.5 and 7 m) coral communities in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador were monitored for tissue response (bleaching, paling, morbidity) and secondary responses during and after elevated temperature stress associated with the 1997–98 El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. Between March and May 1998, the fungiid coral Diaseris distorta paled and bleached (up to 88.0% of all individuals bleached) at 13–15 m depth. The small branching colonial coral, Psammocora stellata, paled (79.2% of all colonies) with very little bleaching (11.1%), also at 13–15 m depth. However, by May 1998 colonies of this …

Moving Icons, Detection And Distraction, Lyn Bartram, Colin Ware, Tom Calvert

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Simple motion has great potential for visually encoding information but there are as yet few experimentally validated guidelines for its use. Two studies were carried out to look at how efficiently simple motion cues were detected and how distracting they were in different task contexts. The results show that motion outperforms static representations and identify certain types of motions which are more distracting and irritating than others.

Announcements: Summer/Fall 2001

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

Contents:

Allocating and Managing Water for a Sustainable Future: Lessons from Around the World

Defending the Integrity of Ground Water: Understanding the Impacts of Natural and Manmade Disasters

Conference on Energy Climate, Environment and Water—Issues and Opportunities for Irrigation and Drainage

Dynamical Sedimentary Models Of Shallow Marine Environments, Yong Zhang

OES Theses and Dissertations

This treatise represents a contribution of quantitative, dynamical sedimentary modeling to the analytical understanding of sedimentary processes in shallow marine environments. The dynamical sedimentary models in this treatise numerically simulate the sedimentary processes from an event time scale, based on the fundamental physics of sediment dynamics in coastal and shelf depositional environments, to a longer, facies time scale. The simulated geologic processes serve to the illustrate shoreface equilibrium profile, shelf storm bed generation, and the shelf sedimentary facies system.

This treatise presents a nearshore profile evolution model for the abandoned Huanghe Delta, a two-dimensional storm deposition model, and a sedimentary …

Circulation, Vol. 8, No. 2, Center For Coastal Physical Oceanography, Old Dominion University, Larry P. Atkinson

CCPO Circulation

Summer 2001 issue of CCPO Circulation featuring article "Oceanographic Research in the Antarctic" by Larry Atkinson

Trichodesmium Spp.: Numerical Studies Of Resource Competition, Carbohydrate Ballasting, And Remote-Sensing Reflectance, Tonya Denise Clayton

OES Theses and Dissertations

In recent years, a new appreciation for the role of diazotrophy in the oceans has emerged. This dissertation reports on three modeling studies designed to investigate ecological processes associated with Trichodesmium spp., the most conspicuous marine diazotroph: (1) characterization of a generalized model Trichodesmium and issues of macronutrient resource competition; (2) carbohydrate ballasting by Trchodesmium and implications for the formation of surface accumulations; and (3) the vertical distribution of Trichodesmium and implications for detection from space.

The first study focuses on issues of nitrogen and phosphorus competition and ecosystem structure. It utilizes a simple ecosystem model that includes dissolved nitrogen …

Hydrographic Variability On Decadal And Interdecadal Scales In The Northern Gulf Of Alaska, Nandita Sarkar

OES Theses and Dissertations

The mixed layer depth (MLD) in the North Pacific is important to vertical mixing and hence the flux nutrients into the euphotic zone. A time series of hydrographic measurements, tem perature and salinity versus depth, at a coastal site in the northern Gulf of Alaska is used to determine the seasonal and interannual variations in the MLD. Data from this station called GAK 1 (59°50.7‘X. 149C28.0'\V) in 203 m of water begin in 1974 and end in 1998. The MLD changes seasonally from about 50 m in summer to more than 130 m in winter. These changes are in response …

Transverse Variability Of The Flow And Density In Inlets Of Southern Chile, Mario Arturo Cáceres Muñoz

OES Theses and Dissertations

Measurements of velocity and density profiles were made to describe the flow transverse structure in three inlets of southern Chile. The inlets show marked differences in their transverse dynamics in response to external forcing. In Aysen Fjord (45.2°S) the mean flow showed a three layer structure that was consistent with up-fjord wind-induced exchange, while in Chacao Channel (41.8°S), the mean flow exhibited predominantly a lateral structure that featured sharp velocity shears. In both cases, a bank in the center of the sections seemed to play an important role in shaping the mean flows. In Ventisquero Sound (44.4°S), the presence of …

Water Rights As Contested Terrain: The Case Of Tenmile Creek, Oregon, Marcie L. Allen

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis examines the complex conflict over water rights at Tenmile Creek, located along the south central Oregon Coast. The research is an exploratory case study identifying the main motivations of actors, the constraints they faced, and the conditions that encouraged or dissuaded collaborative behavior.

The main objectives are (1) to refine the understanding of the relationship between societies and their physical environment in market societies that are both motivated to exploit and preserve natural resources and, (2) to explore the kinds of institutional arrangements that may be required to manage the water supply in a collaborative and sustainable manner. …

Ctd/O2 Measurements Collected Abroad The R/V Knorr, February-March 2001: Redsox-1, Williams Johns, Hartmurt Peters, Rainer Zantopp, Amy Bower, David Fratantoni

RSMAS Technical Reports

Summaries of Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD/ O2) measurements acquired on an oceanographic research cruise into the Gulf of Aden during February/March 2001 aboard the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution ship R/V Knorr are presented. The data acquisition and processing system is described and calibrartion procedures are documented.