Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Design Of A Small Scale Wind Generator For Low Wind Speed Areas, Ra Msuya, Rrm Kainkwa, Mi Mgwatu

Tanzania Journal of Science

Most small scale level wind turbine generators are directly driven system, variable speed, and partially connected power electronic converter system. Choice of such system is to avoid costs associated with gearbox. However, due to low wind speed in most of the tropical countries, synchronous generators with smaller or medium speed Permanent Magnet (PM) generator design found to be important and given high performance efficiency. In order to be able to harvest wind energy in off-grid population efficiently, there was a need to design a synchronous generator that can be able to operate under low wind speed, directly connected to the …

Prediction Of Rainfall In The Southern Highlands Of Tanzania, Pasvolo Mwinuka, Christian Uiso

Tanzania Journal of Science

Previous studies on the variability of March to May (MAM) and October to December (OND) rainfall in East Africa have mainly covered the whole region without considering the local climate zones such as the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Results from the regional studies have shown that the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) have strong association with OND rainfall and weak one with MAM rainfall in East Africa. The present study was aimed at determining the potential predictors for the MAM and OND rainfall by considering IOD, El Ni o Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBOu30 and …

Conductivity, Temperature And Depth (Ctd) Data For Deepend Stations, Cruise Dp04, August 2016, David English, Chuanmin Hu, April Cook, Tracey Sutton

DEEPEND Datasets

Conductivity, temperature and depth data from the ship's CTD, which was deployed at each of the DEEPEND stations. Depth of cast was variable, but extended from near-surface waters to below the euphotic zone. This data was used in the assessment of the water column's vertical structure, and for comparison with physical models. Data were collected on cruise DP04 in August, 2016.

Testing The Underlying Chemical Principles Of The Biotic Ligand Model (Blm) To Marine Copper Systems: Measuring Copper Speciation Using Fluorescence Quenching, Tara N. Tait, James C. Mcgeer, Scott Smith

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Speciation of copper in marine systems strongly influences the ability of copper to cause toxicity. Natural organic matter (NOM) contains many binding sites which provides a protective effect on copper toxicity. The purpose of this study was to characterize copper binding with NOM using fluorescence quenching techniques. Fluorescence quenching of NOM with copper was performed on nine sea water samples. The resulting stability con- stants and binding capacities were consistent with literature values of marine NOM, show- ing strong binding with log K values from 7.64 to 10.2 and binding capacities ranging from 15 to 3110 nmole mg C ^{−1 …}

Using Foraminifera In Stemseas Site 1 To Understand The Recent Paleoceanographic And Paleoclimatic History Of Tanner Basin, California Borderland, Michael Stanley Stone

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

In May of 2016, the STEMSEAS Educational Transit cruise OC1605-tranA collected the STEMSEAS Site 1 core from the Tanner Basin in the California Borderland. This research serves as the first formal survey of the foraminifera preserved within that core. The purpose of this research is to use foraminifera preserved within that core to understand the recent depositional and paleoenvironmental conditions at Site 1, and to place that information into a regional paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic context. In pursuing this purpose, this research aims to answer three questions: 1) Can biostratigraphic markers in the foraminiferal assemblages in STEMSEAS Site 1 core be …

Evaluation Of Cadmium Bioaccumulaiton Of Periphyton And Aquatic Invertebrates Within Tributaries Of The Buffalo National River, Jacob Rollins Mccauley

Student Theses and Dissertations

The Rush Mining District, located along the Buffalo River in Arkansas, has a significant history of metal-mining operations. The tails and spoils of these operations deposit heavy amounts of raw ore into streams, including the deposition of cadmium, a minor constituent. Periphyton and invertebrate samples from two creeks within the Rush Mining District were measured for cadmium. Additionally, two creeks with no history of mining were sampled. Periphyton samples from mining sites had significantly higher concentrations of cadmium than samples collected at control sites. Invertebrate samples were classified into trophic levels before analysis. Invertebrate samples collected at treatment sites only …

Genetic Structure And Diversity Of Southern Disjunct Populations Of Etheostoma Caeruleum And Chrosomus Erythrogaster, Kyle James Dineen

Student Theses and Dissertations

Etheostoma caeruleum and Chrosomus erythrogaster are widespread with overlapping distributions that show comparable patterns of naturally disjunct populations on their range margins. Both species have populations on Crowley’s Ridge, AR and the Bluff Hills, MS, relatively recent geological formations. Microsatellite DNA loci were examined for both fish species to evaluate genetic diversity and connectivity among populations on Crowley’s Ridge, the Bluff Hills, and larger core populations. Genetic structuring was found between all populations of both species with lower genetic diversity found in populations of both species on Crowley’s Ridge. Results from this study suggest that both target species colonized these …

Ocean Convergence And The Dispersion Of Flotsam, Eric A. D'Asaro, Andrey Y. Scherbina, Jody M. Klymak, Jeroen Molemaker, Guillaume Novelli, Cedric M. Guigand, Angelique C. Haza, Brian K. Haus, Edward H. Ryan, Gregg A. Jacobs, Helga S. Huntley, Nathan J. M. Laxague, Shuyi Chen, Falko Judt, James C. Mcwilliams, Roy Barkan, A. D. Kirwan Jr., Andrew C. Poje, Tamay M. Özgökmen

Publications and Research

Floating oil, plastics, and marine organisms are continually redistributed by ocean surface currents. Prediction of their resulting distribution on the surface is a fundamental, long-standing, and practically important problem. The dominant paradigm is dispersion within the dynamical context of a nondivergent flow: objects initially close together will on average spread apart but the area of surface patches of material does not change. Although this paradigm is likely valid at mesoscales, larger than 100 km in horizontal scale, recent theoretical studies of submesoscales (less than ∼10 km) predict strong surface convergences and downwelling associated with horizontal density fronts and cyclonic vortices. …

Session 4 Discussion Notes, Ocean Waves Workshop 2017

Ocean Waves Workshop

No abstract provided.

Wave Energy Converter Effects On The Nearshore Environment, Grace Chang, Craig Jones, Jason Magalen, Jesse Roberts

Ocean Waves Workshop

This poster presents efforts to use predictive modeling tools to evaluate the impacts of Wave Energy Converter (WEC) arrays on nearshore processes, investigate effects of different WEC devices on wave propagation, examine wave propagation in the lee of a WEC array over different wave conditions, and accelerate the realization of commercial-scale wave power.

Overview Of Open Source Codes To Assess Environmental Effects On Ocean Wave Farms, Chris Chartrand, Kelley Ruehl, Jesse Roberts, Sam Mcwilliams, Kaus Raghukumar, Aaron Porter, Cameron Mcnatt

Ocean Waves Workshop

The development of SNL-SWAN by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) allows users to investigate the interaction between a WEC or WEC array and the wave environment. SNL-SWAN when coupled with a hydrodynamic and sediment transport model such as Delft3D, developed by Deltares Inc, allows for the direct investigation of WEC array effects on the physical environment (e.g. waves, currents, seabed) and the associated site ecology. Ongoing development of these tools has shown how the coupling of SNL-SWAN with Delft3D-Flow can quantify the interaction between device(s) and the hydrodynamic environment at a real-world site.

Wave-Measuring Performance Characteristics Of Spoondrift Spotter, K. Raghukumar, G. Chang, F. Spada, C. Jones, W. Gans, T. Janssen

Ocean Waves Workshop

Spoondrift Spotter represents a state-of-the-art wave measurement buoy developed by Spoondrift (www.spoondrift.co) and supported by funding from the Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy (ARPA-E). A low-cost buoy platform like Spotter enables a range of new applications. For instance, coherent arrays of Spotters can support adaptive tuning of marine and hydrokinetic energy devices. In general, the availability of high-fidelity wave measurements can help support wave assessments for a variety of commercial, military, operational, academic, and recreational users.

Session 4 Presentation - Improved Coastal And Nearshore Wave Forecasting, Jeffrey Hanson, Robert Fratantonio

Ocean Waves Workshop

Accurate nearshore and coastal wave forecasts are essential for the protection of life and property as well as enhancing the economy through safe and efficient commercial activities. Modeling the nearshore environment has remained both computationally intensive and challenging due to the strong interaction of waves with the ocean bottom in shallow water environments. Here we develop a new wave system approach for nearshore wave modeling that addresses these issues. Wave systems result from specific wind forcing events on the ocean surface. This approach extends earlier work on wave system partitioning and tracking to assimilate coastal buoy observations into model output …

Session 3 Discussion Notes, Ocean Waves Workshop 2017

Ocean Waves Workshop

No abstract provided.

Real-Time Wave Assimilation Using Low-Cost Sensor Arrays (Extended Abstract), Pieter Smit, Tim Janssen, Cameron Dunning, Wheeler Grans

Ocean Waves Workshop

In this paper we present the underlying theory and principal results from a new real-time data-assimilation system in which we integrate a dense network of Spotters. The sensor network was deployed as part of the ONR Innershelf DRI experiment during the period from September 2017 till November 2017. The array consists of 18 Spotters, deployed seaward of Point Sal (California) along the 20-, 50- and 100-meter depth contours (Fig. 1). Each of these buoys provides estimates of the complete frequency-directional spectrum every hour. The wave spectra and directional moments are assimilated in real-time using an efficient backward raytracing algorithm to …

Session 3 Presentation - An Overview Of Recent Wave Glider® Field Program, Pat Fitzpatrick, Yee Lau, Robert Moorhead, Adam Skarke, Daniel Merritt, Keith Kreider, Chris Brown, Ryan Carlon, Graham Hine, Teri Lampoudi, Alan Leonardi

Ocean Waves Workshop

Developed by Liquid Robotics, Inc., Wave Gliders® (WGs) use wave energy for propulsion through the synergistic alternating thrust of wave action on the floating vehicle and mechanical wings 6 m below the vehicle. WGs provide dynamic environmental monitoring in the maritime environment with weeks-tomonths-long deployments using solar panels to power sensors, and satellite and cell communication channels for data delivery. Some data is transmitted real-time or in bulk at more infrequent intervals, while other data is archived on-board for extraction after a mission.

Example field programs include: wave, ocean, and PBL measurements in tropical cyclones; algae bloom monitoring; satellite ground …

Session 2 Discussion Notes, Ocean Waves Workshop 2017

Ocean Waves Workshop

No abstract provided.

Overview Of Open Source Codes To Assess Environmental Effects Of Ocean Wave Farms (Extended Abstract), Chris Chartrand, Kelley Ruehl, Jesse Roberts, Aaron Porter, Cameron Mcnatt

Ocean Waves Workshop

The United States has a theoretical ocean wave energy resource potential of 1,594–2,640 TWh/year, enough to power between 143.5 and 237.6 million homes/year and contribute substantially to the United States’ energy portfolio [1]. However, wave energy converters (WECs) are currently in the early stages of research and development at low technology readiness levels. Open ocean deployment data is from demonstration-scale projects, not from utility-scale deployments. As a result, researchers, developers, and regulators rely heavily on numerical models to understand the environmental effects of wave farms.

Preliminary numerical studies have demonstrated that small-scale deployments of ~10 WECs or less have little …

Session 2 Presentation - A New Generation Of Spectral Wave Models, Don Resio, Dorukan Ardag, C. Reid Nichols

Ocean Waves Workshop

Over the last decade, considerable effort has been spent on the evaluation of operational wave models such as the WAM, WAVEWATCH III, and SWAN thirdgeneration (3G) model. Most recent effort has focused on a “wholistic” approach to model evaluation, rather than on related comparisons directly to physics-based processes. In such an approach, model coefficients are tuned to maximize the global fit to integrated wave parameters such as wave height, mean/peak period, mean direction and directional spreading [1]. However, these coefficients do not ensure a universal “best-fit” to observation. Also, comparisons to spectra are omitted from the model evaluations since they …

Session 1 Discussion Notes, Ocean Waves Workshop 2017

Ocean Waves Workshop

No abstract provided.

A Modeling System For Integral Simulation Of Propagation Of Ocean Surge And Wave And Their Impinging On Coastal Structure (Extended Abstract), Ke Qu, Hansong Tang, Anil Agrawal

Ocean Waves Workshop

Now it has become necessary to develop our capability to directly simulate many emerging coastal ocean flow and wave problems. These flow problems present a common challenge to our modeling capability; they involve multiphysics phenomena spanning a vast range of spatial and temporal scales, however, so far essentially we have no methods and computer software to directly and integrally simulate these phenomena. Now it has become necessary for us to develop new capability to model them in efficient ways and high-fidelity. Towards this goal, we have developed a brand new, unprecedented modeling system that is able to directly evaluate many …

Session 1 Paper - Contemporary Expeditionary Warfare For Scientists And Engineers, C. Reid Nichols

Ocean Waves Workshop

Expeditionary forces from many countries have deployed to mitigate the effects of natural disasters and human conflicts. Approaches are usually linked to the nation’s maritime strategy. Expeditionary forces provide rapid response to man-made disruptions such as mass casualties by terrorists, vessel hijackings by pirates, murders by drug cartels, and nuclear accidents. Recent examples include Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Response (HA/DR) and Non Combatant Evacuation Operations (NEO). HA/DR type missions have been planned and executed to mitigate the effects of catastrophic tropical cyclones, flooding, wild fires, and tsunami. NEO missions are focused on the evacuation of a nation’s citizens and other foreigners from …

Session 1 Presentation - Use Of Offshore Energy Facilities As Deepwater Ocean Observing Platforms, Jeffrey Morin, Pak Leung, Ruth Mullins Perry, Eoin Howlett, Armen-Sjur Minassian, Rudy Poulos

Ocean Waves Workshop

Wave measurement is one of the major components for any ocean observation program, however, it is also the most challenging one due to its complexity. For Oil & Gas community, wave data is often used for platform stability calculation, operational decision making, structure fatigue analysis, and engineering design criteria.

Wavemaker Improvements At The University Of New Orleans Towing Tank, Ryan D. Thiel

Ocean Waves Workshop

No abstract provided.

Forecasting The Spread And Invasive Potential Of Apple Snails (Pomacea Spp.) In Florida, Stephanie A. Reilly

HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations

Forecasting the potential range of invasive species is a critical component for risk assessment, monitoring, and management. However, many of these invasive species are not yet at equilibrium which can be problematic for many modelling approaches. Using the climate matching method, MaxEnt, a series of species distribution models (SDMs) and risk analysis maps were created for select apple snail species in Florida: Pomacea canaliculata, P. diffusa, and P. maculata. Apple snails, freshwater gastropods in the family Ampullariidae, are native to South America and were introduced to the United States via the pet trade approximately 40 years ago. …

Pros And Cons Of Marine Zoological Parks According To Marine Conservationists, Kayla L. Patama

HCNSO Student Capstones

Throughout history zoos and aquariums have satisfied a number of different, albeit to some, conflicting roles (Ballantyne, Packer, Hughes, & Dierking, 2007). In recent years, zoos and aquariums have shifted their focus on taking a proactive role in wildlife conservation and promoting conservation learning among their visitors. The present capstone addresses the justifications that marine conservationists see in marine zoological parks and how they believe parks can become more relevant and valuable in the future. A 65 question survey (Appendix I) was distributed to marine science professionals online through personal contact between June and September 2017 questioning participant’s personal opinions …

Weather And Climate Summary And Forecast: December 2017 Report, Gregory V. Jones

Linfield University Wine Studies Reports

This report provides a summary of the weather and climate forecast for December 2017. It includes forecast information specific to the Pacific Northwest and the western United States, as well as forecast information for other portions of the United States and abroad.

Geological Framework Of The Continental Shelf Of South Carolina Winyah Bay: Paleodrainage, Transgressions And Essential Fish Habitat, Amanda Roach

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A regional geophysical survey of the inner continental shelf off central South Carolina was completed on a cooperative cruise between NOAA and Coastal Carolina University in July 2015. An integrated mapping suite comprised of subbottom echosounder, side scan, multibeam and split beam sonars was used to define the regional geologic framework, including paleodrainage patterns across the shelf and to identify potential fish habitat locations that will provide additional inputs to a thematic habitat mapping routine developed by NOAA. Results from the thematic mapper characterization suggest that large-scale framework elements such as paleochannel networks may play a role in determining benthic …

Dinoflagellate Cysts Track Eutrophication In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Andrea M. Price, Melissa M. Baustian, R. Eugene Turner, Nancy N. Rabalais, Gail L. Chmura

Faculty Publications

We examined organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts from one 210Pb-dated sediment core and 39 surface sediment samples from the northern Gulf of Mexico to determine the relationship between nutrient enrichment and cyst assemblages in this region characterized by oxygen deficiency. The core spans from 1962 to 1997 and its sampling location is directly influenced by the Mississippi River plume. Surface sediments were collected in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2014 and represent approximately 1 to 4 years of accumulation. A total of 57 cyst taxa were recorded, and four heterotrophic taxa in particular were found to increase in the top section (1986–1997) of …

Umphlett Qci Dec 2017, Natalie A. Umphlett

High Plains Regional Climate Center: Staff Publications

Highlights for the Basin

Temperature and Precipitation Anomalies

Drought

Drought Continues to Cause Impacts

Large Butterfly Migration Across the Plains

High Winds Down Corn Across Nebraska

3-Month Precipitation and Temperature Outlooks

Soil Moisture Conditions